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Transformer Requirements
The following minimum protections should be provided for transformers:
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All power transformers shall be provided with numeric fast acting differential, REF,
open delta (Neutral Displacement Relay) and over-fluxing relays. In addition, there
shall be back up IDMTL over current and earth fault protection. For parallel operation,
such back up protection shall have inter-tripping of both HV and LV breakers. For
protection against heavy short circuits, the over current relays should incorporate a
high set instantaneous element. In addition to electrical protection, transformer own
protection viz. buchholz, OLTC oil surge, gas operated relays, winding temperature
protection, oil temperature protection, PRV relay shall be provided for alarm and trip
functions.
For 132 kV, 66 kV and 33 kV class transformers of capacity above 5 MVA, the
protection shall be same as mentioned above except over-fluxing, REF and PRV relays.
However, REF shall also be provided for transformers of capacity equal to or more
than 20 MVA.
In addition to electrical protection, gas operated relays, winding temperature
protection and oil temperature protection shall be provided.
Sub-Station Protection
All circuit breakers installed in the sub-station from 11 kV to 132 kV level should clear
the faults in two and half cycles and above 132 kV level in two cycle. The total time of
clearing fault including main protection relay shall not exceed that specified as At
generating stations, line faults should be cleared at the generating station end within
the critical clearing time so that the generators remain in synchronism.