Confucianism is a philosophical system following a set of ideals, which is

developed in China by Kong Fuzi, or Confucius in Latin, though others

interpret Confucianism as a religion. In fact, Confucius did not intend to
establish a new religion rather aimed to serve as a foundation and set social
values to empower the existing religion during the Chou dynasty. However,
Confucianism became widespread because of the influence of its rites and
beliefs.
The core value in Confucianism is humanism, which is a philosophy that can
be practiced by the members of the society. Virtues are considered essential
in developing an excellent character. These virtues are encompassed in the
Five Constants, which are the Ren (humanness), Yi (righteousness and
justice), Li (proper rite), Zhi (knowledge) and Xin (integrity). These are also
supplemented by other virtues by the classical Sizi Zhng (loyalty), Xio
(filial piety) and Ji (continency).
Ren is the most ubiquitous virtue in Confucian and post-Confucian
philosophy. It represents altruism and the protective side to children. It
portrays the humanness of people and considered as the outward expression
in Confucianism. It is also known as not to do to others as you would not
wish done to yourself, and not far off; he who seeks it has already found
it.
Li, another Chinese virtue, is used in Confucian and post-Confucian
philosophy. The word is defined as an abstract idea, such as reason and rite.
Li exemplifies the interaction between humanity, human objects and nature.
Also, it covers tea drinking, titles, mourning and governance. Confucius also
believed that by following li, government will be prolific and at peace.
Xio, or filial piety, is another prominent virtue in Confucianism. In Chinese
tradition, respect to parents and ancestors is a great deal. Confucius
believed that Xio can be a key to a better society. Filial piety generally
means respect to parents and ancestors, as well as other people to bring
honor to the family. Also, it implies doing ones own duties in the family;
showing love and respect instead of rebellion.
Another essential virtue is known as Zhng, or loyalty. It is the main virtue a
young scholar should possess if he/she wants to be a prominent official.
Confucius clarified that loyalty does not mean subservice to authority for
loyalty should come from both ways when he stated "a prince should employ
his minister according to the rules of propriety; ministers should serve their
prince with faithfulness (loyalty).
Other beliefs include the individual purpose and position in the natural order
of each person. There is a concept known as the Five Bonds that includes the

relationship between ruler to ruled, father to son, husband to wife, elder

brother to younger brother, friend to friend. Confucianism also has Junzi or a
man with an ideal personality that can be achieved by anyone. A Junzi can
live in poverty, does more and speaks less, loyal, knowledgeable, disciplined
and obedient. Ren is a fundamental to Junzi.