1.

Introduction
1.1 Company Profile

Concrete, cement and aggregates have played a vital role of the built environment throughout many
years. Without these materials it is almost impossible to construct most of the iconic architecture
available in the world. Even, infrastructures, let it be roads, bridges, tunnels, railways requires these
material to exist (Holcim, 2014).
Concretus Sdn. Bhd. is a concrete based supplier located in the well-known city Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia. We, of a total of five professionals in various fields such as commerce, different fields of
engineering and law came together to set up a company that supplies various types of concrete such
as ready-mixed concrete, pervious concrete, reinforced concrete and shotcrete. We adhere to the
slogan Premium Concrete for the Finest Building which carries the meaning that our company only
provides concrete of the highest quality to construct buildings that give confidence and satisfaction
to our clients and a safe and peaceful environment for the people utilizing the building. The service
we provide mainly focus on two types of construction which are the residential and commercial type
of buildings.
Our company has a total of 27 employees and equipped with a few advanced in-transit mixers for
transporting concrete to the desirable sites. Other than that, all concrete products will be inspected
by the quality control manager after it being mixed in the concrete mixer to ensure excellent quality
of the concrete at all times.

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2. Vision Statement
2.1 Theory
A vision statement is a description of the company or organization future desired state in the next
twenty, thirty or more years. It gives a concept or idea of the intentions of the organization which
then directs the people in the organization to work towards that direction (Strategic Management
Resources, 2007).
2.1.1 Criteria of making a suitable vision statement
There are many criteria that a good vision statement should have. Firstly, a vision statement should
be written into a powerful phrase that enables people who hear it remembers it for a long term. It
cannot be too long of a statement as the longer it gets the meaning of the vision may get miss
interpreted by others. Besides that, the phrase must be able to evoke emotion of those who listens
to it. It must leave people amazed to the passion and ambition the organization has to lead the
company towards that vision. It gives people the impression that the organization intends to keep
on moving forward for more improvement as the years goes by. In addition, a vision statement
should be something the organization can only achieve in 20, 30 or more years in the future. It must
be farfetched (Change Factory, 2014).
A good vision statement will direct the employees the expectation the organization has on them and
thus inspires them to work hard and be responsible in their work. It gives clients and customers on
why they should work with the organization. Hence, it gives a sense of security of the customers and
client when they work with the organization and investors will feel satisfied when they invest their
money to the correct place(UK Essays, 2014).
2.1.2 Concretus Vision
In Concretus, our vision is,
To be a First Rate Global Supplier of Top-Tier Concrete, Related Equipment and Products to Our
Valued Clients for a Better Environment

2.1.3 Analysis of Vision Statement

We strike to be one of the first class suppliers of concrete and concrete related products and
equipment among our competitors in an international level. The services that we can provide shall

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expand from a mere concrete supplier to other equipment such as concrete vibrators, trowels and
truss screeds (Allen Engineering, 2014). Other than that, the concrete that we produce will have a
near zero failure rate, which means that we will receive no complaints from our clients about our
products or equipment. We shall ensure that our clients are satisfied each time with the services and
products that we provide. Our clients will be our main priority. We have confidence that buildings
that were constructed with our concrete are very safe for people. Thus, this shall secure us a
maximum repeated business from our clients. It shall reach to a stage where all construction sites
use our concrete and equipment.
Sustainable can be defined as creating and maintaining the conditions under which humans and
nature can exist in productive harmony, that permit fulfilling the social, economic and other
requirements of the present and future generations (United States Environmental Protection
Agency, n.d.). Sustainability has been slowly gaining attention from the construction industry. A
sustainable development will lead to a better world for human to live in. Thus, we shall also promote
sustainable development in our company. This will be carried out in the later stages of our business
when we have sufficient financial resources to carry out research on developing a much more
harmless concrete to have less impact on the environment.

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3. Mission Statement
3.1 Theory
A mission statement gives a framework and context to aid in guiding the organizations strategies
and actions by telling the organizations overall goal. Basically a mission statement supports the
vision statements where it is broken down into smaller steps to achieve the vision of the
organization. On the other hand, a mission statement does not act as a marketing tool that is
designed to grab attention quickly, however it should still be catchy and memorable (Hom, 2013).
3.1.2 Criteria for Mission Statement
One of the most important criteria when writing a mission statement is that mission statements
must be achievable in a suitable timeframe. It should not be too grand that cannot be achieved. A
strong mission statement will give the staffs something do able to concentrate on and thus a larger
goal to work towards (Smith, 2014). Mission statements can be modified or changed later when the
organization feels that they have achieved the mission statement and desires to set it to a high level.
An organization can have a few precise and clear mission statements but only one vision statement
(Hofstrand, 2009).
3.1.3 Concretus Mission

Deliver products of the highest quality, value for money to our clients to ensure their
satisfaction

Building a trustworthy and gainful partnership with our employees

Establish a mutual beneficial relationship with our supplier and business partners

Practice responsible use of alternative resources to promote sustainable development

3.1.4 Analysis of Mission Statement

To achieve our vision, we have set a list of mission statements which are in smaller steps that will be
directing the employees towards our vision. Our first mission Deliver products of the highest quality,
value for money to our client to ensure their satisfaction means that clients satisfaction is our
outermost concern. The products that we produce must be of a certain standard but the
manufacturing cost shall not exceed their expectation. We will have a product that will leave our
client dumbfounded, which leads them into signing the contract immediately. Thus, research has to
be conducted in order to develop an excellent but average cost product.

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The second mission is Building a trustworthy and gainful partnership with our employees. It has
always been said that a happy workers leads to a happy customer which eventually leads to a
successful business. Thus firstly, our organization will introduce integrity from the highest level of
organization to the lowest level. This means keeping your word, never telling lies no matter the
situation. If everyone is able to practice this value, the organization will be believed. Other than that,
communication also plays a great deal in securing employees trust towards our organization. The
organizations vision, missions and core values should be communicated among the employees to
convey the correct idea on what our organization desires and to avoid them having the wrong
concept (Bowman, n.d.).

In addition, all employees must be considered as equal partners. Our organization aims to make all
employees, no matter part-timer, or the janitor to feel that their existence in the company is vital.
Thus leaders or people at the higher management level should occasionally give credit or praise to
employees that have gave good ideas to the company or did a good job in certain projects. Leaders
can also show some interest in caring their workers by knowing all their names and at times ask
about their families (Bowman, n.d.).

All employees are working as a team towards a common goal. Hence they should share the same goal
and not a personal goal. When everyone in the organization are pulling together to accomplish a
common goal, this indicates that everyone has a certain level of trust in each other (Bowman, n.d.).

The third mission, which is Establish a mutual beneficial relationship with our supplier and business
partners, is one of the important points to achieve our vision. It is vital to maintain a strong
relationship with our clients as partnership only continues when both parties get shared advantages.
This can be done by providing a high quality service and product that portrays our company as a
reliable company. A loyal client not only ensures repeated business from them, but also networking
to other new clients when the current client recommends our products and services to others
construction companies (FocusMX, 2013).

Our last mission is practice responsible use of alternative resources to promote sustainable
development. Government has been constantly stressing on the importance of sustainability in
buildings for a better environment. Thus, our organization will take the initiative to develop more
different types of concrete that uses less harmful resources. For an example, at one time, the
construction industry people have tried mixing concrete obtained from demolished buildings. With
the world constantly improving, our company shall not be left behind.

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4. Goals
4.1 Introduction
Setting goals is the first step in turning the invisible into the visible said Tony Robbins, a
motivational speaker and author (Uptivity, 2014). Goals or also known as objectives are the desired
targets that an organization wishes to achieve (Robbins, 2014). The desired target must be known
before the organization is able to set its goals.

4.2 Advantages of Setting Goals

Firstly, an organization with goals provides direction to the employees to the final target. Without
these directions, employees will ended up wasting time going nowhere. On the other hand, with
goals employees will be able to focus their efforts on certain activities that will lead them to the
desired target (Pettinger, Nelson, Economy, 2011) .
Other than that, goals are also able to clarify the roles played by everyone in an organization. When
goals are set together with the employees, it clarifies what are the available tasks, who are
responsible for each of the tasks and the expectation of the organization (Pettinger, Nelson,
Economy, 2011).
Similar to mission, goals is divided into many small steps to ensure that the final vision is attainable.
When all the goals are achieved, it adds up to become a big achievement (Pettinger, Nelson,
Economy, 2011) .
Furthermore, employees are also more motivate when they are challenged with goals that are
beyond their normal level of performance. These types of goals are also known as stretch goal
(Pettinger, Nelson, Economy, 2011).
Tool for Setting up Goals
As mentioned before, all organization should have goals to achieve their vision. Setting up goals is
not an easy task and should be made by a brainstorm session of a group of people. Goals should be
SMART. SMART refers to a checklist of the characteristics a goal should have or be.

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Diagram 1 show the meaning of

SMART Source: (Uptivity, 2014)
Specific. Goals are supposed to be clear and unambiguous so that employees know what the
organization expects from them and the organization can measure the performance of the
employees (Pettinger, Nelson, Economy, 2011).
Measureable. This point is important because a measurable goal enables an organization to know
how far their employees progress towards their work is (Pettinger, Nelson, Economy, 2011).
Attainable. Goals that are set must be neither too high nor too low to motivate employees to work
towards the goal which in other words it must be realistic. Employees may be ignorant towards an
unrealistic goal (Pettinger, Nelson, Economy, 2011).
Relevant. Goals are also a vital tool used to achieve an organizations vision or mission and thus
must be linked or relevant towards it (Pettinger, Nelson, Economy, 2011).
Time Based. There also must be a starting point and an ending point for fixed duration. Deadlines
shall help employees to focus on completing the task before the due date (Pettinger, Nelson,
Economy, 2011).

4.3 Types of Goals

4.3.1 Short Term Goals

Short term goals are goals that the company can achieve in a few months time. It should be smaller
task that leads to the midterm goals (McGowan, 2014).

4.3.2 Midterm Goals

Midterm goals are goals that a company can achieve in a timeframe of 1 to 4 years. Achieving these
goals shall direct the company to the long term goals (McGowan, 2014).

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4.3.3 Long Term Goals

Long term goals are goals that may require 5 to 10 years to achieve (McGowan, 2014).

4.4 Concretus Goals

4.4.1 Short Term Goals
The timeframe for our short term goals will be of two months

Do a research on our primary competition and brainstorm on what we can offer that
they dont

Design a advertising programme in the internet or construction related magazines

that highlights the unique points on our products

Secure our 1st contract with a contractor worth RM30,000

4.4.2 Midterm Goals

The below midterm goals shall be achieved in 2 years

We shall own 7 ready mixed concrete trucks prepared for delivery.

Timely delivery despite the project size

Providing concrete delivering services to our customers in accordance to their time

Our clients will be from a diversified base of maximum repeated business and
obtaining additional business from our current market and one in a different market

arena.

We will constantly monitor and update our organizational structure to meet the
increased demand of our growth.

Investment in career and leadership programme will be made for the success of the
employees.

We will diversify the services that we can provide to our clients such as concrete
placing, finishing and paving.

4.4.3 Long Term Goals

Our long term shall be accomplished in the next six to seven years.

Entering the South East Asia market

Produce new types of product with that has a sustainable property.

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To achieve a medal in the Global CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) Award under
Product Excellence Category

Target revenue of RM 5 million with a sustainable growth rate of 10%

The growth of our company will be supported with 180 qualified employees. A
carefully crafted employee coaching programme will secure a maximum productivity

and retention
We will expand the business by opening another 4 branches of our company
throughout the country that provides a high quality product to our valued clients
Our growth will be supported by our organizational structure. Leadership skills will
be our main priority. Our management development process will encourage internal
promotion and succession to maintain the pace with our growth. Hence, the upper
management level is able to pass down some responsibilities to the new midmanagement level to have free time for strategic issues.

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5. Organization Chart
5.1 Introduction
Organizing is the function of management which follows planning. Organization and structure give
employees a guide where they can operate efficiently, and reduces repeating responsibilities. It is a
function in which it synchronizes and combines human, physical and financial resources to takes
place. Organizational function helps in achievement of desired results. Besides that, it also functions
as the glue that holds pieces of your business together in pursuit of one ultimate goal success.
(Mylapally Rahul, 2012)

5.2 Method of Construction for Chart

A coordinator performs organizing function by using the following steps:
1. Identification of activities: All activities carried out should be identified beforehand. For
example: quality control, estimating and recording information.
2. Organizing the activities: The head of the project have to group similar and related activities
into units and departments.
3. Classifying the authority: Once the departments and units are made, the director will like to
classify and extent the powers to the managers, thus, a hierarchy form of organization is
formed. The top management will focus on formulation of policies, the middle level
management into departmental supervision and lower level management into supervision of
foremen. The classification of authority brings efficiency while running the project and also help
to achieve goals in a shorter period of time to avoiding wastage of money and efforts.
4. Coordination between authority and responsibilities: Relationships are established among
various groups to enable smooth interaction towards the achievement of the organizational
goal. Each individual need to be clearly know what are they suppose to do and be aware of his
and her authority. The individual should also know whom they should take orders from, to
whom they are accountable and to whom they have to report. (Mylapally Rahul, 2012)
5.3 Types of Organization
5.3.1 Line Organization
Line organization is the oldest yet simplest form of organization. Line organization is also known as
vertical organization. This organization is based on scalar basis. The flow of orders, communication
of suggestions and complaints etc. are made as it is in the case of a ladder. According to this type of
organization, the authority travels from top to the bottom along the chain, and every each
department manager or handler has the power to command and control over his or her
departments affairs and has ultimate responsibility for results. The lower positions derive
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authority from the positions above them.

(Mylapally Rahul, 2012)

Diagram 5.1 shows an example of a typical line chart

5.3.1.1 Advantages of Line organization
1. Simplicity: Its the simplest of all types of organization charts. Its established and direct
which can be easily understood by the employees.
2. Clear-cut division of authority and responsibility: The authority and responsibility of every
person is clearly defined. Everyone knows as to whom he can issue orders and to whom he is
accountable. Further it is easier to fix up the responsibility if there is any lapse anywhere in
the performance of activities.
3. Strong Discipline: Because of direct authorityresponsibility relationships, discipline can be
maintained more effectively. Direct supervision and control also helps in maintaining strong
discipline among the employees.
4. Unified control: Since orders are given by only one supervisor or manager, so there are no
confusion among the workers and subordinates. This ensures better understanding and
quicker action.
5. Flexibility: Since each departmental head has sole responsibility for his or her department,
he or she can easily adjust to the any changes made by the organization. This type of
organization is flexible. The adjustments in the organization can be easily made to suit the
changing conditions. (Farooq, 2014)

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5.3.1.2 Disadvantages of Line organization

1. Lack of communication: There is failure to get correct information and to act upon it due to
lack of communication. There is no communication from subordinates upwards and workers
should follow the orders of supervisors, without expressing any opinion.
2. Heavy Burden of work: Since the departmental head has to look after all the activities of his
department, he is over burdened with work. He may neglect some of the duties and there
may be inefficiency in management.
3. Unitary administration: All decisions relating to a department are taken only by one
executive. Hence, the successful functioning of that department depends on the manager's
ability.
4. Lack of specialization: Line organization suffers from lack of specialized skill of experts. It is
extremely difficult for one person to handle activities of diverse nature (Wikinut, 2013).

5.3.2 Matrix Organization

Matrix organization is a structure that facilitates the horizontal flow of skills and information. It is
used mainly in the management of large projects or product development processes, drawing
employees from different functional disciplines for assignment to a team without removing them
from their respective positions. In matrix organization, people who have similar skills will be drawn
out from one particular group and gathered together to work on particular assignments which
means that matrix configuration may be known as a cross-functional work team, which brings
together individuals who report to different parts of the company in order to complete a particular
project or task (Business Dictionary, 2014).
Example chart of matrix organization:

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Diagram 5.2 shows an example of the matrix organizational chart

Source: (U.S. Department of Transportation: Federal Transit Administration, n.d.)

5.3.2.1 Advantages of using matrix organization

1. Flatter and more responsive: Matrix organization permits a more efficient exchange of
information. People from different departments cooperate closely and share their ideas that
will help them to achieve their targets and goals which will then turn the whole organization
into an information web; information are exchanged and shared both vertically and
horizontally as people exchange their knowledge and product idea to enhance productivity
and allow for quick decision-making (Encyclopedia of Business).
2. Increased motivation: The matrix structure encourages a democratic leadership style.
Improved motivation are the results of gathered valuable information before decisionmaking within groups are becoming more democratic and participatory because each
member brings specialized knowledge to the tableand since employees have a direct
impact on day-to-day operations, they are more likely to experience higher levels of
motivation and commitment to the goals of the departments to which they belong
(Encyclopedia of Business).
3. Speed and flexibility: In a matrix organization, many projects run at the same time.
Therefore it makes optimum use of human and physical resources compared to other
organization structures. This is because professionals from each different department
gathers together to share knowledge on their own field to the others.
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5.3.2.2 Disadvantages of matrix organization

1. Increase in workload: There is a very high amount of workload in matrix organization. The
managers and employees are not only required to do their regular work but they also have
to manage other additional works like attending meetings and helping out other
departments (Johnson, 2014).
2. Divided loyalties: Divisional project managers have staff authority over all project-related
matters, giving these leaders the power over employees that are committed to the project.
These employees remain accountable to their functional managers. However, the dual chain
of command can easily put employees in an untenable situation when functional and
divisional bosses have different ideas on issues such as working style, priorities and
procedures. For example, an employee may receive different directions concerning the same
thing from supervisors in different departments. The dual authority and communication
problems may cause division among employees and managers. Miscommunication and
ineffective managing can result in employee dissatisfaction and low morale. Prolonged
issues may cause an organization to experience high employee turnover rate (Johnson,
2014).
3. Expensive to maintain: Matrix organization is expensive to maintain. An companys
overhead cost will generally increase because of the need for double management (Johnson,
2014).

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5.4 Application
In our case, we decided to use the combination of line organization and matrix organization.
The designed chart is shown below:

The first part of the organizational chart consists of the top managers; in this case the Chief
Executive Officer is placed at the highest level of the organizational chart as they are the
ones who set the companys vision and mission and then direct the activities that must be
carried out to fulfill its goals. The middle level of managers, which is the general manager,
reports to the CEO of the company, oversees the first-line managers and allocates
resources. By using line chart for the first two hierarchy levels, we are able to achieve a
unified control. CEO of our company is the only one who is able to give orders to the
general managers. This is to avoid any confusion or conflicts between the subordinates.

On the other hand, our company decided to use a matrix type of organizational chart is
because our company is a project base company where we will secure projects from our
client with eventually leads to signing a contract with our client. Each project will have a
project manager to look over. Hence, throughout the whole project, the project manager
will first have to consult the material department to check on the availability of each
material needed for the concrete to be produced. After the materials are mixed, the quality
control person which is an engineer will then have to inspect the quality of the concrete
using the slump test or other relevant test. Upon approval of the concrete quality, the
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project manager will then ask the truck drivers who is under the supervision of the general
manager to transport the concrete to the project site and monitor the whole process.

Thus, throughout the whole project, from getting a client to pouring the concrete on site,
involves a few different professionals in the organization. Each individual from different
departments will have to report to the respective project manager and their head of
department on the discussion on the budget, operation process and scheduling of the
project. The responsibility of ensuring a successful project or a satisfied client lies in the
hand of all the departments. This will enhance the communication of the managers from
different department and will act as a platform to exchange knowledge. The human
resource department on the other hand is responsible for hiring those required
professionals and labourers for the company and also giving out pay checks for all of them.

5.5 Job Descriptions

Ir. Ng Wei Lin, Chief Executive Officer (CEO)
A Malaysian aged 37 graduated with Bachelor of Civil Engineering 2nd upper class
degree from Taylors University, Malaysia. She worked in YTL Group as a quality
controller for YTL products for a period of 10 years.
Job Descriptions:

To set the companys vision, mission and goals

To direct all the activities that is required to achieve the companys goals

To attend meetings involving important contracts

To make important decisions and make future plans for the company

To ensure the organization is managed effectively and correctly

To have networking with clients to ensure an increase business

To produce a marketing strategy to promote own product

Communicating with the employees from time to time to show support and
provide motivation to them

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Mr. Zahari Bin Ali, General Manager

Malaysian aged 35 graduated with Bachelor of Commerce 2nd upper class degree
from Sunway University, Malaysia. He worked in international and local accounting
firm for 10 years. He is the member of ACCA.
Concretus Company Senior Manager is expected to be

Review, analyze and present financial data including the projects revenue
and expenditure report

Prepare financial statement and financial report for the company

Allocate the budget accordingly to each project

Determine the daily, monthly, yearly payrolls

Complete balance sheet reconciliations

Schedule the financial status of the company and allocate development

funding appropriately

Oversee the department managers and the employees

Participate in job interviews of applicants

Ir. Tan Hui Ping, Quality Control Manager

Malaysian, aged 37, graduated with a Bachelor of Civil Engineering 1st class degree
from Taylor's University, Malaysia. She worked at Berjaya Holdings as a structural
engineer for 7 years and has successfully assisted in completing many renowned
buildings.
Job Description:

to ensure the manufacturing and production of materials are of the highest

quality

Responsible for administering quality programmes at multiple plant

operations

Responsible for planning and executing product and material testing,

compliance with safety regulations and manufacturing standards

Provides guidance to plant staff on quality control issues

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Mr. Subramaniam, Materials Manager

Malaysian aged 41 graduated with a Bachelor of Material Engineering of 2nd upper
class degree from INTI International University Collage, Malaysia. He has worked at
White Horse manufacturing plant and thus has knowledge on the different types of
materials.

Job Description:

Responsible for ordering the correct materials needed for producing the
desired concrete product.

Responsible for ensuring that sufficient materials are available at the

correct time

Responsible for the evaluation of concrete mix designs and proportion for
all concrete mixes through coordination with internal staff, clients and
testing facilities.

Trouble shooting and maintaining the computers or machines at the

concrete plant if needed

Conducting research and development on new types of sustainable or

green materials that is suitable for the concrete in order to produce a
sustainable material

Oversee the labourers working at the plants

Consult the Human Resource Department if there are insufficient workers

in the plant

Mr. Jeffrey Tan, Contract Coordinator Manager

Malaysian aged 35 graduated with a Bachelor of Law at 2nd Upper Class from
Universiti Malaya, Malaysia. He has a lot of exposure of contracts involving
construction from the law firms and consultant offices he worked before.

Job Description:

Review and process proposals from clients and participate in contract

negotiations or agreements.

Prepare a suitable and detailed contract based on the conditions that the
CEO has agreed with the client.

Dissolve any disputes between the company and the client and come out
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with a solution that will satisfy both parties or the one that will not cause
much loss to the company

Give legal advice to the CEO if needed

Ms Sabrina Binti Ismail, Human Resource Manager

Malaysian, aged 34 graduated with Bachelor of Strategic Management from
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. She has 8 years of experiences working in Taylor's
University as an assistant in the human resource department.
Concretus Company HR Department Manager

Develop the HR planning strategies by considering long term and immediate

staff requirement

Recruiting staff with prepared job description and job requirements by

publishing it in newspapers.

Hiring people at the right time so that supply and demand are equal

Planning the correct interview activities for different positions in the

company.

Make advise on pay issue on staffs and employment legislation on absence

issue, performances issue as well as working condition

Analyzing the training needed for manager, planning the suitable time on
delivering training

Always communicating with employees to ensure their satisfaction in

working in the company to prevent high turnover rate.

Designing motivation programmes to boost up the production rate of the

employees.

Project Managers
Job Description:

Communicating with people from different departments in order to ensure

a smooth operation process

Oversee all drivers for the mixing truck and ensure that they are always
available when needed.

Ensure that the labourers or drivers get sufficient rest if concrete is needed
at odd hours by rotating their shifts

Ensuring that everything is on schedule and practice the "Just in Time"

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concept to minimize cost and providing a sustainable environment

To ensure that there is sufficient resources when the CEO takes in a new
contract.

Ensure that the transportation and pouring goes on smoothly at the

construction site.

Consult the human resource department is there are insufficient drivers

when there are more contracts coming in.

Allocation of the numbers of staff in Concretus Company

Department

Number of workers

Quality Engineer Department

1 manager, 1 qualified quality engineer

Planner and Material Department

1 manager, 1 staff

Contact Coordinate Department

1 manager

General Department

1 manager, 7 drivers, 10 foreign laborers

Human Resource Department

1 manager, 1 staff

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6. Selection Criteria for Management Trainees

6.1 Introduction
Management trainees are basically soon to be managers or assistant managers upon successfully
completing the management trainee programme. Management trainees are normally fresh
graduates that have fresh and new ideas. They will have the opportunity to work in different
departments in the company on a rotation basis, which means they will get a glimpse of how all
the departments are functioning. There will be a mentor or supervisor that will teach them
throughout the whole development programme. Successfully becoming a management trainee
will gain a lot benefits such as experience and thus must be chosen wisely as developing a
management trainee is time and money consuming for the company but is beneficial over a long
run.
6.2 Selection Criteria

Must be fresh graduates, less than 6 months after graduation

As a fresh graduate, the candidate possesses the latest and most recent knowledge
related to new technology. With their ability to navigate through innovative technology,
they could learn the business computers applications in a shorter time. Meanwhile,
fresh graduates are easier to manage and cheaper than others experience worker.

Must have a Bachelors degree of ALL disciplines from an accredited university

These criteria will ensure us to hire the right candidate who possesses the knowledge
and skills relevant to our field. For example, if the candidate is from other not relevant
course, it wont be effective as the trainees do not possess the professional knowledge
in our industry.

Excellent in written and fluent spoken in English, Chinese and Bahasa Malaysia
The candidate must possess the ability to write and communicate effectively with a wide
range of individuals. For example, majority of Malaysia paperwork and communication
are in English, however in certain circumstances Mandarin and Bahasa Malaysia would
be necessary, and for instance handling Government related document or supplier from
China. Thus, the candidate will express themselves clearly and logically both orally and in
writing.

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Must have good teamwork skills to work co-operatively with others as a team member
Selected candidate will work in a team and collaborate with others.

With great

teamwork, the candidate can create synergy among the team and increase the efficiency
and productivity. For example, the team dynamics and factors can affect the team
performance if the candidate didnt understand their team members. Likewise, the
candidate has the potential to contribute effectively to a work team to achieve team
goals. In addition, they also able to share information and work cooperatively with other
team members when necessary so that there is no conflict between the candidate
teams.

An outgoing attitude with excellent interpersonal and communication skills

Selected candidate will work in a team and collaborate with others as well as different
clients. For example, the candidates with excellent interpersonal skills able to
communicate effectively handle conflicts, sense and respond to others needs and
persuade others to the candidates point of view. Candidate should possesses great
interpersonal skills as this position will require them to solve problems, make critical
decisions, communicate effectively and manage diverse working relationships. On the
other hand, the candidates without interpersonal will struggle with those all-important
relationships like cooperation, negotiation and conflict resolution with staff and clients
at all levels. Thus, the candidates will negatively impact the company as well as the
ability to function as part of a team.

Must be keen on having a long term career with our company

To ensure loyalty in employee so that we no need to train new staff as training program
is too time-consuming. For example, if the candidate leaves the company, it would be
wastage of resources since the company had train the candidate for at least one and half
year.

Must have decent leadership skills to deal with situational crisis

Upon completing Management trainee program, the hired candidate would become
managerial level. Great leadership skills are required by manager to ensure the efficiency
of operation and achieving companys goal. The selected trainee must be is able to
adjust ones thinking, actions, and behaviours, as well as tactics and plans in a fast
changing situation that bring benefits to the business.
Page 22 of 41

Possess good analytical ability to solve problems

The chosen candidate will be handling various task and environment. They are able to
understand and solve complex problems and provide analysis to decision making. For
example, when the company sales decrease, the management trainee would be able to
analyse situation and identify the cause of crisis.

Must be committed to own as well as organizational developments to attain

challenging goals
Management trainee will be given goal and tasks to complete. Thus they must be selfmotivated to complete those allocated task as the supervisor will evaluate their
performances.

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7. Interview for Management Trainees

7.1 Introduction
A job interview is carried out between a job applicant (example: professional engineer or an
unskilled worker) and the employer of a company after a person responds to a job opening
advertisement. The representatives of the company then decide who should be invited for an
interview session. During the job interview, the employer will elicit information from the applicant
to determine his or her ability to perform the job. Also, the employer will ask questions about
applicants previous career, experience and observe his or her personality to determine whether the
candidates are qualified for the job position. The applicant will then try to learn more about the
position while impressing the employer. It is important for the companys representatives to make
correct hiring decisions by hiring a skilled person to the right job rather than replacing and filling in
the position in the future again to avoid high job turnover rates. In some case, job interviews are not
reliable when the interviewer may select staff based on their own decision as candidates may
change their behaviour to fulfil expectations at interview (Conjecture Corporation, 2014). Most of
the interviews are conducted based on the selection criteria of requirements mentioned in a job
requirement published either on the internet or on paper materials.
7.2 Interview Activities
There are many types of interview activities that can be carried out by organizations to achieve
different desired results. Each activity will have its own advantages and reasons behind the meaning
of the activity. Most company commonly carry out more than one type of interview activity to have
a better idea on the personality, behaviour, and many more aspect for the soon to be employee.
7.2.1 Types of Interview Activity
7.2.1.1 Aptitude Test
7.2.1.1.1 Introduction
An aptitude test is a career test which evaluating a persons capability to work for the job position. It
may be carried out for the interviewer to assess what a person is capable to learn and the
competency to perform certain types of tasks. Furthermore, aptitudes tests help reveal the natural
talents, strengths, and limitations of a person.
This test assumes that individuals have intrinsic strengths and weaknesses, and are subject to
inclined success or failure in specific areas based on their natural characteristics. It as well
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determines the kind of careers a person is well suited for and helps the person to learn and develop
in future.
7.2.1.1.2 How to carry out
The most common type of aptitude test is carried out where the applicant is given a set of verbal or
numerical problems and they must complete them within a predefined time. Written information
such as statements, tables or graphs is provided in the test question where the applicants is required
to quickly analyse the given data and make correct business decisions. Each test question has only
one correct answer. The key for conducting this test is to see how quickly a person can give the
correct answer.
7.2.1.1.3 Application
Normally, aptitude tests are being carried out online before the company representative officially
calls the applicant over for a face to face interview. There will be a given timeframe for the future
management trainee to complete this test. This type of interview activity is carried out to further
reduce the number of applicants to save the company representatives time. Besides that, setting up
test as such requires a minimum amount of money and time, while the company will gain better
insights on the applicant.
There are many types of aptitude tests to suit different kinds of careers. Out of all the selection
criteria a management trainee of our company must have, an aptitude test can be used to examine
an applicants good analytical skill to solve problems. Analytical skills are commonly tested by giving
a situation and then ask what one can conclude from this given statement. The questions are not
necessarily difficult; it could be a simple statement. An example of a question will be like:
James states: When I went fishing the other day, every fish that I caught was a salmon, and every
salmon I saw I caught.
So given the above question, applicants will be given a set of multiple choice answers with only one
correct answer. Answers such as
A. Salmon was the only fish that James saw while she was fishing.
B. While James was fishing, she caught no fish other than salmon.
C. In the area that James fished, there were no other fish.
D. All of the fish that James saw she caught.

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E. James did not see any other fish while she was fishing.
(Test Preview, 2014)
Thus applicants are required to analyze all the answers and eliminate the impossible to choose the
correct answer.
Other than that, questions can also be set in graphs and figures of sales of a certain company and
then question the applicant on what can he or she conclude from the information given. This tests
the applicant skills on analyzing graphs or account statements as all business deals with money
flowing in and out of the company. If excess money is flowing out of a company, managers of a
specific department will have to identify and solve this issue to avoid further loss of money from the
company.
Furthermore, there could also be some questions on mathematics. Questions should not be so hard
that requires a calculator to compute, but just questions that involve small numbers but tricky
situation. This test enables the company to see whether the applicant has simple computing skills as
well as analyzing skills.
In addition, this test is also able to test the applicant language skills, reading and understanding. The
questions set will be from a variety of languages, English, Bahasa Malaysia and Chinese.
7.2.1.2 Case Study
7.2.1.2.1 Introduction
Case studies are component of an interview process. They are descriptions of real or imaginary
business problems. A common business problem will be briefed to the candidates where they are
expected to use their initiative to analyze the situation, identify key issues, and discuss on how they
reach solutions. Interviewer will determine the time frame. Case interview are designed to inquire
the skills that are important in management consulting and related fields. Hence, it helps the
company to look for someone who can approach the business problems in real life by understanding
the situation, analyze as well as develop some solutions to these problems. People who are creative
and able to make possible assumptions are more likely to make a good impression to the interviewer
as they can look difficult problems from different angles where the statement made are supported
by a logical conclusion. (Management Consulted, 2013)

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7.2.1.2.2 Application
The selection criteria that we planned to test through this activity are interpersonal communication
skills how keen is the applicant on working with us. In this interview activity, each applicant will be
given a scenario by the company representative and will be asked to solve the problem. For an
example, applicant A, B and C are company managers that caused the company to lose a big sum of
money due to a mistake done by an employee working under the manager. The director of the
company calls in the manager of the department and asks for a solution method. The director is
being played by the company representative.

This activity tests on the applicants ability to communicate with the director by negotiating or
convincing him with the method of solution the applicant proposed. Other than that, it is also able
to see whether the applicant is keen on working with our company on a long term basis. If the
applicant quits his or her job without trying hard, it can be seen that he or she does not value the job
position in our company. Besides that, it also tests on the analyzing skill of the applicant to come out
with a solution in a short amount of time.
The second case study activity could be another scenario, such as applicant A, B and C are now at
assistant managerial level in the company, and due to certain reasons the manager quits the job and
leaves the company. The human resource department now wants to promote the assistant manager
to become the manager of the department. But the assistant understands that becoming a manager
means having a heavy workload with only a small increment in the pay cheque.

The question is now whether the assistant manager will accept or decline the offer. Given that the
applicant declines the offer, it shows that first, he or she does not intend to further develop his or
her skills or learning new skills to achieve the organizations goals. This is because people tend to
stay in their comfort zone and extra responsibilities may cause a person to not do well in the job that
he or she has been doing very well and thus losing faith from others or themselves. Other than that,
it also shows that the applicant does not have self-motivating skills. A person who is self-motivated
will always motivate themselves for further improvement. They will not stay stagnant on that point
that they have been doing so well. On the other hand, if the applicant says that he or she will take on
the challenge, it shows otherwise.

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7.2.1.3 Role Play

7.2.1.3.1 Introduction
Role play exercises are very popular and common in graduate recruitment scheme selection. They
are useful when assessing applicants for client facing position such as consulting and sales.
Role-play exercise tests how candidates might approach troublesome circumstances that often
occur in the business world. Generally, the interviewers will ask candidates to assume the role of a
specific company employee under specific situation and ask them to demonstrate of how they
would approach it (Assessment Day, n.d.)
7.2.1.3.2 Application
For a role play activity, the scenario is normally set to be a conflict or a tedious problem that requires
certain skill to solve it. For an example, a famous business man from Singapore is here in Malaysia
for a business visit and the secretary of the business man gives a sudden notice to the company you
are working in that he wants to have a look at the companys products. Grabbing a business from
this business man would ensure great benefits for the company. Thus the company then tells you
and a few of your best employees from the sales and marketing department to prepare a
presentation on promoting all of our products and adds on that a failure to secure a business would
bring great impact to you and your fellow employees. Hence after preparing everything, you and
team went to present to the Singapore business man. The question is, please act out the situation of
you and your team trying to convince him to buy the product. The list of products will be given and
time for discussion is given to the three applicants.
During the period for discussion among the three applicants, interviewer will then notice whether or
not they are working as a team to come out will ideas or working individually. Other than that,
another aspect that the interviewer will be able to notice is leadership skill in the team of three. Are
all three applicants leading the team and organizing the ideas into a workable form or only one of
them are taking on that responsibility. If only one of them are doing so, how well is he or she
handling the task, is he or she leading the team to the correct direction, or is he or she making the
correct decisions to achieve the final goal which is to convince the business man to buy the
companys product?
When the role play activity begins, interviewers will be able to notice the communication skills of the
applicants, whether or not they are able to convey the idea in a convincing way with the proper

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words. In addition, they will also be able to see how fluent can the applicants speak in English,
Chinese or Bahasa Malaysia when presenting their ideas.

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8. Information Technology and Information Management

8.1 Introduction
Information technology (IT) has transformed the business way in the construction technology. It is a
revolution and an innovation agent that allows new and different perspectives when operating a
business model. Macomber said that a pragmatists strategic vision of IT in the construction industry
will solve the economics issues (Pamulu, 2004).
IT is able to alter prospect in the construction industry. In Malaysia, 94% of the firms have access to
the internet. Most of them used internet solely for checking email. However, the respondents from
the survey realized that internet is not fully utilized in the construction field (Lim, 2002).
8.2 Types of Information Technology
8.2.1 Workers Connectivity
Fortune Magazine has conducted a survey stated that 84% of the workers in US companies are non
desk worker with 74% of the employees complaining that they could not obtain sufficient
information from the management about the replacement of the company's policies and goals
(Comms, n.d.). Thus it can be said that construction industry is also facing the same problem as most
of the tasks are carried out on site except for the managerial level of staffs in the office.
Based on the Insight News, 87% of the Malaysian owns a smartphone (Nielsen, 2014). Due to this
situation, Concretus management level can try to implement internal communication apps like the
EMPLOYEE app from APP rise mobile. With this application available in mobile devices, the
employees including the skilled and unskilled workers are able to communicate directly via mobile
device and enhance their understanding on the vision, mission, goals as well as notice given by the
different departments in the company.
Other than that, with a push notification and alert broadcast for instantaneous communication,
employees will have no excuses to miss out the latest information announced by our company.
Moreover, the EMPLOYEE app is able to restrict the access of specific content and defined the
specific group to notify. Employees directory is listed in the mobile application and evaluation of the
personal characteristic of the staffs are stated. Thus, the new incomer can be easily adapted to the
new environment in Concretus Company (Comms, n.d.).
According to a survey conducted by Fortune, 84% of the employees are not listed in the
organizations email system (Comms, n.d.). Therefore, email, which functions as a communication
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tool is not being utilized efficiently and will cause conflicts especially in the construction industry.
Thus, the management level should spend some time and effort to make little small changes on the
communication tools in order to build strong relationship within the employees.

8.2.2 Mobile App for Everyone

With the arising number of apps available in all mobile devices, its no doubt that will be on average
there will be 5 apps in a person's mobile devices. People nowadays are trying to save time and thus
even opening the browser of the device and typing at the search box is an effort that they would try
to avoid if possible. Thus, our company will take advantage of this situation to create a mobile device
app available for everybody that has a mobile device. This app called "Concretus" shall have details
such as about us, our contacts, the services we provide, information on the types of concrete or
products we supply, our latest update such as new office location or projects that we took in. They
will only need to download the app and with a single tap on the icon, our homepage will appear on
the screen. This app will save our clients time when they require any information about us and
hence increasing their satisfaction level towards our company. In addition, it will give a good
impression to people which will eventually build up our company's image in the construction
industry.
8.2.3 Software Application
A research conducted by Torrent and Cladas stated that the construction labours spent 16%-18%
extra time when the required material such as ready mix concrete were not ready when needed
(Torrent, 2009). Therefore, to enhance traceability of the progress of the particular big project,
Building Information Modeling can be used.
BIM is found to be effective in construction management in terms of gathering and processing of
data automatically (Jouni Ikonen, 2013). Concretus can utilize BIM software in the later stages of the
business for large commercial, residential or infrastructure project for easy sharing of information
among the related professions. Through this software, an accurate volume of concrete required to
build the building will be known and thus materials, product and transportation can be readied in
the early stages. Our company shall apply the "Just In Time" principle to avoid any delayed in
construction process and promote a sustainable environment.
With the BIM modeling, the quantity taking off is linked to the scheduling and design quantities
included the ready mix concrete usage (Tocoman, 2010). With the clear timeline of the project, the
company is able to ensure material deliver on time to the site. It lightens the workload of our project
Page 31 of 41

manager who is in charge of the scheduling of a project. These help in reducing cost and time for our
company resources such as the rented concrete mixing trunks and paid labourers. Besides that, our
clients will also be satisfied with our services and thus ensuring repeated business from them.

Another BIM application will be the Radio Frequency Identification Tags (RFID). RFID is a new type of
technology that has been proven to be a device that suits various kinds of industries. It consists of a
electronic label and wireless communication device that sends out required data automatically in
order to save time to collect them manually (Journal of Commerce, 2009). The range of data could
be almost anything from location to quantity and even to maintenance schedule. The raw data
obtained can then be processed into useful information when the person reads and make use of it
for a purpose.

At the later stages of our business, we shall implement in our company. RFID will enable the
contractor as well as the project manager and materials manager to track the concrete delivery
vehicles to ensure proper delivery, billing and quality control of concrete (Ali Motamedi, Amin
Hammad, 2009). However, the materials must be labeled with the tag in order for the device to
detect it. In other countries other than Malaysia, the weather will be one of the problems when
casting of slabs, beams, columns and other more. Thus RFID will be able to sense the current
temperature and will issue a signal if the temperature is not suitable (Journal of Commerce, 2009). A
constant measuring of the temperature will not be needed hence putting more man power on other
duties to increase productivity.
8.2.4 Mobile device monitoring
Delivering ready mix concrete to site may cause many unexpected problems such as unexpected
delay in traffic, high level of modification, cancellation subject to the weather condition, mechanical
failures of trucks, plants and variable transit times depending on the hours of the day (Cemex, 2010).
To solve the problems mentioned above, Concretus Company can build a temporary on site batching
plant at the site for massive projects that requires tonnes of concrete at one go. Thus mobile device
application can be installed in the tablets which are portable and easy to carry around. It can be fully
utilized to replace the old traditional desktop computer which is heavy. Moreover, the devices are
applicable to check, detect and repair the whole batching system when producing concrete.
Mobile device such as tablets can be used to monitor the accurate ratio of cement, sand, aggregate
and water according to the client's request to produce a high quality concrete for the building.
Slump test and compressive test can be conducted immediately by the quality control people and
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ready mix concrete can be poured immediately to construct the foundation, slabs, beams or
columns. With the monitoring of technology, human errors can be minimized to a certain level and
hence the wastage of materials can be reduced efficiently.

The replacement of mobile device in producing high quality ready mix concrete for large projects are
not only able to minimize the operating cost, and also enable the company to become a leading
company in producing high quality concrete using technology.
8.2.5 Material Enhancement (E- Construction Portal Exchange)
Alshawi stated that e-construction is an electronic data exchange to promote business efficiently in
term of project supply chain. Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) has established econstruction portal exchange since September 1999.
E-construction portal exchange acts a platform to connect construction professionals and functions
to enhance the knowledge within the nation by sharing information (Ukur Bahan, 2007). Through
this system, Concretus Company may obtain more business opportunities with the linked suppliers,
contractors, engineers and related builders.
Through the involvement in e-construction, our material department employees are able to learn
and gain the latest information and knowledge related to concrete products and make appropriate
innovation on the quality of concrete. Thus Concretus will be the leading concrete supplier company
with improved quality of concrete and could promote sustainability.
Moreover, Concretus Company is also able to share and exchange the professional, technical and
experience personnel such as site supervisor trained by CIDB. Therefore, new ideas can be imported
into the company. With the creative and new ideas, Concretus Company will upgrade itself to the
latest technology applied in the construction industry, new construction regulation implementation,
make innovation on the equipment as well as encouraging staffs to learn from time to time.

8.2.6 Customer Relationship

In the competitive market, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is important to construct a
stable trade business in supply chain provider in managing good relation with the clients (Stojanov,
2009). To substitute the traditional marketing model, internet has becoming a dominant tool.
To update the customer satisfaction from time to time, Concretus Company should conduct a
customer survey on the company homepage. The survey can be conduct in rating system of 1 to 5
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marks is given. Questions like ease of placing order and scheduling, the attitude of the dispatchers,
the attitude of the drivers, product quality and performances, availability of product requested and
suggestion column (if available) can be set in the company website.
Moreover, quick responses to the customer from the management level are important for a long
lasting relationship because it demonstrates that the company really cares about any small matters
happened within the employees and the customer (Mashable, 2014). These may help in forming
customer loyalty and company confidence in purchasing ready mix concrete with us.

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9. Conclusion
In Concretus Company Sdn. Bhd, we aspire to look forward for greater possibilities. We are
hankering to lead the industry in 10 years time in terms of producing the world class quality concrete.
With the comprehensible vision, mission and various goals, we will be on the way to success. As
Concretus slogan Premium Concrete for the Finest Building, in Concretus we believe that it is vital
to assert more effort in constructing a building that will bring improvement to the community.
Research and development programmes will be carried out at the later stages and we believe that
with sufficient resources and financial support, we shall be able to become produce new sustainable
products and increase the awareness of others. Transformation is needed for a better world.
Investment will make in recruiting the first class professional, using the latest technology, innovating
on the current types of ready mix concrete, upgrade the facilities to develop a strong brand.

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Page 41 of 41