Famous Structures2

FUTURE SKYSCRAPERS
1. Taipei International Financial Center

2003
Architect: Cy Lee and Partners
Location: Taipei, Taiwan
Number of floors: 101
Height: 502 meters
2. Lotte World 2 Tower
2005
Architect: Baum Architects

Location: Pusan, South Korea
Height: 465 meters
3. Asia Plaza
2008
Architect: uknown
Location: Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Height: 431 meters
4. Shanghai World Financial Center
2004
Architect: Shimizu Corporation / KPF
Location: Shanghai, China
Height: 420 meters
6. Fairwell International Center

2003
Architect: Hellmuth, Obata and Kassabaum
Location: Xiamen, China
Height: 397 meters
7. Nina Tower
2003
Architect: uknown
Location: Hong Kong, China
Height: 319 meters
8. BDNI Center
Architect: I.M. Pei and Partners
Location: Jakarta, Indonesia
Height: 317 meters
GREAT BUILDINGS
JPT Review Center
EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE
(circa 1200 BC AD 1st Century)
Temple of Luxor
or Southern Sanctuary at Luxor, Egypt, 18th
dynasty king
dedicated to Amon-Re, king of the Gods
built of sandstone for the quarries of Gebel Silsila
5. 2 International Finance
Center
2003
Architect: Cesar Pelli and Associates

Height: 400 meters
Abu Simbel
dedicated chieftly to Re-Harakhti, God of the
rising sun
built during the reign of Ramses II (1304 1237
BC)
Epidaurus Theater
Architect: Polykleitos
Location: Epidauros, or Epidhavros, Greece
Style: Ancient Greek
Pyramid of King Zoser
Architect: Imhotep
earliest pyramidal structure of the ancient
world, the Step Pyramid (c.2630 BC) of King
Zoser at Saqqara, Egypt
consist of six terraces of receding sizes with a
one staba
and the quality of its acoustics make the

Epidaurus theatre one of the great architectural
achievements of the fourth century.
the largest and best preserved ancient theaters
in Greece.
can accommodate 14,000 spectators.
ROMAN ARCHITECTURE
(300BC 365 AD)
The Great Pyramid

the Pyramid of Khufu is the largest in the
world, measuring 230m (756 ft)
The Pantheon
118 - 126
Architect: Acrippa
Location: Rome, Italy
Style: Ancient Roman
(circa 300 30 BC)
great domed hall with oculus

oculus a single circular opening
one of the great spiritual buildings of the world
it was built as a Roman temple and later
consecrated as a Catholic Church
revived the use of brick and concrete in temple
Architecture
Parthenon
Trajans Forum
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
447-438
100 112
Architect: Itchinus and Callicrates with Phidias

Location: Athens, Greece
Style: Ancient Greek Doric
Architect: Apollodorus of Damascus

Style: Roman
on the historic Acropolis. Doric exemplar
Erechtheum
421 405
Architect: Mnesicles
Location: Athens, Greece
Style: Ancient Greek, Ionic
has Caryatid Porch with figural columns. On
the Acropolis, uses grade change.
composed of an arc of arched arcade

most magnificent and architecturally most pleasing
largest known forums
Colosseum
70 82
Architect: Vespacian and Domitian

Style: Ancient Roman
three-quarter columns and entablatures, Doric in
the first story, Ionic in the second, and Corinthian
in the third, face the three tiers of arcades
largest Roman Amphitheater
designed to hold 50,000 spectators
had approximately eighty entrances so crowds could arrive and leave easily and
quickly
AMERICAN ARCHITECTURE
White House
Architect: James Hoban
Location: Washington, D.C.
Date: 1793 to 1801, burned 1814, porticos 1824
to1829
Style: Georgian Neoclassical

official residence of the president of the United
States of America, for the last 200 years
Capitol of the United States

Architects: Thornton-Latrobe-Bulfinch
Date: 1793 to 1830
Style: Neoclassical
meeting place of the U.S. Congress, the
national assembly of the United States of
America, consisting of the House of
Representatives and the Senate
National Gallery of Art

Architect: John Russel Pope
houses one of the finest collections of painting,
sculptures, and graphic arts in the world
Washington Monument
Architect: Robert Mills
Style: Neo-Egyptian
the obelisk is the only remnant of the original
blue print that remains
with George Marsh, competition 1836.
standard Egyptian proportion of 10:1 height to
base
University of Virginia
1826
Architect: Thomas Jefferson

Location: Charlottesville, Virginia
Building Type: University campus
Style: Classical, Neo-Palladian
ideas of symmetry and use of brick
arcades connect buildings around central lawn
curving brick walls surround campus
Massachusetts State House

Architect: Charles Bulfinch - first native-born professional American architect
classical elements are pilasters, porticos and domes
Saint Patricks Cathedral

Architect: James Renwick
Location: New York
shaped like a Latin cross
the largest Roman Catholic Cathedral in the United States
designed in a Gothic Revival materials at English and French Gothic Style
Connecticut State Capitol

Architect: Richard Upjohn
Monticello
1768 to 1782
Architect: Thomas Jefferson

Location: Charlottesville, Virginia
Building Type: House
Style: Colonial Georgian
Remodeled1796 to 1808
beautiful hilltop home is a classical example of
the late 18th Century American architecture
and a national historic landmark
New York City Hall

Architect: Pierre Lenfant
Style: French Renaissance - Georgian Style
one of the most historical architecturally distinguished building in New York
Fallingwater
1934, 1938, 1948
Architect: Frank Lloyd Wright

Location: Ohiopyle, Pennsylvania
Building Type: house
Style: Expressionist Modern
cantilevers dramatically over rock outcropping and rushing stream
sends out free-floating platforms audaciously over a small waterfall and anchors
them in the natural rock
Guggenheim Museum

Location: Racine, Wisconsin
Construction system: precast concrete and brick
Style: modern
unique structural expression in open hall, tower with rounded corners
the tower is totally enclosed and does not allow for horizontal expansion of work
space
articulated by dendriform columns capable of supporting six times the weight
imposed upon them, a fact Wright had to demonstrate in order to obtain a building
permit
1956 to 1959

Location: New York, New York
Building Type: art museum
Style: Modern
a gift of pure architectureor rather of
sculpture
based on organic forms that the architect
found in seashells and snails
Coonley House
1908

Location: Riverside. Illinois
Style: Prairie style
Building Type: house
Construction System: wood frame with
stucco
a large, sophisticated prairie house
Larkin Building
1904, demolished 1950

Location: Buffalo, New York
Building Type: commercial offices
Construction system: brick masonry
Style: Early modern
large four-storey central atrium
the first entirely air-conditioned modern office
building on record
Wingspread
1937

Location: Wind Point, Wisconsin
Building type: large house
Style: neo-Vernacular
living room, dining room, kitchen, family
sleeping rooms, guest rooms, were separate
unites grouped together and connected by
corridors
Golden Gate Bridge

1933 to 1937
Ennis House
1923

Location: Los Angeles, California
Building type: house
Style: Deco Modern
Construction system: bearing masonry, concrete
blocks
the last of the four Los Angeles textile block
house
Johnson Wax Building

1936 to 1939 and 1944
Architect: Joseph Strauss

Location: San Francisco, California
Building type: suspension bridge
Construction system: steel frame, steel cables
Styles: Structural Modern with some Art Deco
details
one of the longest bridge in the world
a powerful and elegant human structure in an
equally beautiful natural location
overall bridge length of 9266 feet, or 2824
meters
bridge main span length of 4200 feet, or 1280 meters
FRENCH ARCHITECTURE
The Louvre
1546 to 1878
Architect: Pierre Lescot
Location: Paris, France
Building type: palace, art museum
Construction system: cut stone bearing masonry
Style: French Renaissance
also designed by Catherine de Medici, J.A. du
Cerceau II, Claude Perrault, etc.
I.M. Pei: design the glass pyramid, which
serves as the main public entrance
Tuileries
the Tuileries Garden of Paris is part
of the Triumphal way, which begins
at the Louvre and continues to the
Citys Western edge
Palais Royal
commissioned by Cardinal Richeliev
original name is Palais Cardinal
17th century
Daniel Buren: stripped columns
Italian designer Domenico de Cortona

1871: burned, renovated in 2 years
Arc de Triomphe
Napoleon, the French emperor decided to build
a very big arch of triumph, which stands at the
top of the Champs Elysees
Pompidou Centre
1972 to 1976
Architect: Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano

Building Type: modern art museum
Construction system: high-tech steel and glass
Style: High-tech modern
a cost of $100,000,000, with an average
attendance of approximately seven million
people a year
massive structural expressionist cast
exoskeleton, "exterior" escalators enclosed in
transparent tube
Notre Dame de Paris

1163 to 1250
Architect: Maurice de Sully

Building Type: church, cathedral
Construction system: bearing masonry, cut
stone
Style: Early Gothic

one of the most celebrated Gothic cathedrals in
France
twin towers marking the entrance
probably the most famous image in French Gothic art
Sacre-coeur
located at the hill of Montmartre which is the highest point in the city of paris
1874: Paul Abadie
1910: completed by Lucien Magne
Hotel de Ville
largest renaissance building
16th and 17th century
Paris Opera House

1857 to 1874
Architect: Charles Garnier

Building type: theater, opera house
Construction system: masonry, cut stone
Style: Neo-Baroque
largest French Gothic Cathedral ever built

intricate faade completed during the 15th century
polychrome faade, opulent staircase

commission by competition
masterpiece of 19th century architecture
one of the largest and most opulent theaters in the world
false ceiling painted by Marc Chagall
Elysee Palace
1718
Architect: Claude Mollet

official residence of the president of France
Hotel de Invalides
Rheims Cathedral
one of the greatest monument of Gothic art and
architecture
construction commerced by Jean dOrbais and
was completed by Robert de Coucy
a work of remarkable unity and harmony
Napoleons tomb is within the structure

founded by Louis XIV for disabled soldiers
late 17th century
La Madeleine
Architect: Napoleon I
church of Ste. Marie Madeleine
constructed as a church in 1842
surrounded by 52 Corinthian columns
Sorbonne
most famous building at the University of Paris
Chartres Cathedral
1194 to 1260
Location: Chartres, France
Building type: cathedral
Construction system: bearing masonry
Style: Gothic exemplar
the elevation was in three tiers as it had no
gallery and the vaulting was quadripartite, which
eliminated the need for alternating supports
supreme monument of High Gothic art and
architecture
Eiffel Tower
1887 to 1889
Architect: Gustave Eiffel

Building Type: exposition observation tower
Construction system: exposed iron
Style: Victorian Structural Expressionist
dominates the sky line of Paris
one of the most famous landmarks in the world
built for the Paris Exposition of 1889
Notre dame du Haut

1955
Architect: Le Corbusier
Location: Ronchamp, France
Building type: church
Construction system: reinforced concrete
Style: Expressionist Modern
soft-form composition, deep windows with
colored glass (wall thickness 4' to 12')
Le Corbusiers dramatic pilgrim church
Villa Savoye
Amiens Cathedral
1928 to 1929
1220
145 meters long
Architect: Le Corbusier
Location: Poissy, France
Building type: house

Construction system: concrete and plastered unit masonry
Style: modern
an early and classic exemplar of the "International Style", which hovers above a
grass plane on thin concrete pilotti, with strip windows, and a flat roof with a deck
area, ramp, and a few contained touches of curvaceous walls
Architect: Sir Robert Smirke

Location: London, England
Building type: art and historical museum, library
Construction system: masonry, cut stone
Style: Victorian Ionic faade,
GERMAN ARCHITECTURE
Classical Revival
Includes one of the world's great library rooms. Glazed roof over restored
courtyard by Norman Foster
Burgtheater
Salisbury Cathedral
1874 to 1888
Architect: Gottfried Semper with Karl von
Hasenaver
1220 to 1258
Location: Salisbury, England
Building type: Cathedral (church, temple)
Construction system: bearing masonry, cut stone
Style: English Gothic
Cathedral of Saint Mary
an outstanding example of the Early English
architectural style
tallest in England 404ft (123m)
use of Purbeck marble to create a strongly coloured
scheme
Berlin Opera House

(STAATSOPER)
Architect: Georg Wenzeslaus von

Knobelsdorf
Wurzburg Residenz
Architect: Balthazar Neumann
one of the best structure of the BaroqueRococo period
Queens House
1616 to 1635
Architect: Inigo Jones the greatest of English Classical

architect
Einstein Tower
1919 to 1921
Architect: Erich Mendelsohn

Location: Potsdam, Germany
Building type: laboratory, observatory
Construction system: bearing masonry, concrete over
Location: Greenwich, England

Style: Palladian, Late English Renaissance
was built by Jones for Anne of Denmark, wife of
James I
brick
Style: Expressionist Early Modern

curvaceous, streamlined form
designed to hold Einstein's own astronomical
laboratory
this 'sarcophagus of architectural Expressionism' is
one of the most brilliantly original buildings of the
twentieth century
ENGLISH ARCHITECTURE
British Museum
1823 to 1847
Somerset House
1776 to 1786
Architect: William Chambers

Building type: government offices and art school
Construction system: cut stone masonry
Style: Neoclassical
Home of Royal Academy of the Arts. Corinthian orders
above arched courtyard apertures, rusticated base
imaginative synthesis of elements of Art Nouveau and Scottish Architecture
Saint Pauls Cathedral

1675 to 1710
Architect: Sir Christopher Wren

Construction system: masonry, brick, timber and cut
stone
Style: Late renaissance to Baroque

the dome peaks at 366 feet above pavement
a masterpiece of Baroque architecture
largest cathedral in England
Chiswick House
1729
Architect: Lord Burlington

Location: Chiswick, England
Style: Palladian
also known as Burlington House
Durham Cathedral
1093 to 1280
Location: Durham, England
Building type: church, cathedral
Construction system: bearing masonry, cut stone
Style: Romanesque
one of the most impressive Norman Romanesque
style in Europe
had a reciprocal influence on the architecture of
Normady
the rib vault covering of Durham Cathedral is the
oldest example that has survived
Buckingham Palace
Architect: sir George Goring
built during the reign of king James I
Westminster Palace
1836 to 1868
Architect: Sir Charles Barry

Location: London
Building type: seat of government, government
center
Construction system: cut stone bearing

masonry
Style: English Gothic Revival

Big Ben: the clock tower best known is a
great symbol of London
originally seat of kings as a royal residence
Glasgow School of Art

1897 to 1909
Architect: Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Location: Glasgow, England
Building type: college
Style: art and crafts, art nouveau
CHINA, TURKEY, ITALY, INDIA AND SPAIN ARCHITECTURE

Temple of Heaven
Location: China
700 acre enclosure built by the Ming
Dynasty emperor Yongle (Yung-Io)
means Perpetual Help
"Pisa Cathedral with Baptistery, Campanile and Campo Santo, together form one of
the most famous building groups in the world
the cathedral complex includes the famous Leaning Tower, La Torre Pendente
white marble with colonnaded facades
Hagia Sofia
Florence Cathedral
532 to 537
1296 to 1462
Architect: Isidoros and Anthemios

Location: Istanbul, Turkey
Style: Byzantine
Architect: Arnolfo di Cambio

Location: Florence, Italy
Building type: domed church, cathedral
Style: Italian Romanesque
a tremendous domed space

built as the new Cathedral of
Constantinople by the Emperor
Justinian
a masterpiece of Byzantine
architecture
additional minarets when the church became a mosque
Cathedral of Siena
Location: Southern Italy
incorporated Gothic elements in a
strongly Mediterranean design
1296: Cathedral begun on design by Arnolfo di

Cambio
1357: Project continued on a modified plan by
Francesco Talenti
1366-7: Talenti's definitive design emerged
calling for an enormous octagonal dome
1418: competition for construction of dome.
1420: technical solution for vaulting proposed by Brunelleschi approved and
construction begun
The Duomo dome added by Brunelleschi
1436 church consecrated
Krak des Chevaliers

1150 to 1250
Location: Syria
Building type: fort

Style: Medieval
crusader castle
the best preserved and most wholly
admirable castle in the world
Alhambra
Pisa Cathedral
103 to 1350
Location: Pisa, Italy
Building type: church complex
Construction system: bearing masonry, cut stone,
white marble
Style: Romanesque
1338 to 1390
Location: Granada, Spain
Building type: palace
Style: Moorish (Islamic)
palace of Nasrid Dynasty
the most beautiful remaining example
Western Islamic Architecture
of
built as a cathedral in the mid-1200s

hall of justice: noted from its elaborate stalactite (maqarnas) decoration
crowned by four spires
Casa Batllo
1905 to 1907
Taj Mahal
Architect: Antonio Gaudi

Location: Barcelona, Spain
Building type: apartment building
Construction system: concrete
Style: Expressionist or Art Nouveau
Architect: Emperor Shah Jahan

Location: Agra, India
Building type: Islamic tomb
Construction system: bearing masonry,
1630 to 1653
uses animal styles al through-out the

structure
inlaid
marble
Style: Islamic
onion-shape domes, flanking towers,
built for wife Mumatz Mahal
located on the Jumna River
museum for Mogul emperors consort
Casa Mila
1905 to 1910

Building type: multifamily housing
Construction system: masonry and
concrete
Style: Art Nouveau
expressionistic, fantastic, organic
forms in undulating facade and roof
light court
it could be compared with the steep
walls in which African tribes build
their cave-like dwellings
PHILIPPINE SKYSCRAPERS
line
1. PB Com Tower
2000
Architect: Skidmore, Owings and Merrill
Location: Makati
Height: 241 meters
cliff
Sagrada Familia
1882 to 1926

Construction system: masonry
Style: Expressionist
Church of the Holy Family
uncompleted during Gaudis lifetime
2. Petron Mega Plaza

(Mega World Plaza)
1999
Architect: Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM)
Location: Makati
Height: 200 meters: roof
210 meters: pinnacle
(SOM)
5. Robinsons Equitable Tower
1998
Architect: HOK
Location: Pasig
Height: 175 meters
3. BSA Twin Tower
1999
Architect: unknown
Location: Mandaluyong
Height: 197 meters
4. G.T. International Tower

2001
Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox & Associates and
Recio Casas
Location: Makati
Height: 181 meters
5. ICEC (LKG) Tower

1999
Architect: Kohn Pedersen Fox & Associates and
Recio Casas
Location: Makati
Height: 175 meters
6. Pacific Plaza Tower 1 & 2

1999
Architect: ARQUITECTONICA
Location: Makati
Height: 174.20 meters
7. Roxas Triangle 1 & 2
2000
Location: Makati
Height: 174 meters
THE SKYSCAPERS
- tallest to smallest
- antenna, radio communications, etc. are not included
1. Petronas Tower
1997
Architect: Cesar Pelli & Associates
Location: Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Height: 452 meters
2. Sears Tower
1974
Location: Chicago, USA
Height: 443 meters
still the tallest building if the antennas are
included
has the highest occupied floors
3. Jin Mao Building

1998
Location: Shanghai, China
design most refer to the number 8, an auspicious
number for Chinese
4. Plaza Rakyat
2000
Height: 382 meters
5. Empire State Building

1931
Architect: Shreve Lamb & Harmon Associates
Location: New York City, USA
Height: 381 meters
6. Central Plaza
1992
Architect: Dennis Lau and Ng Chu Man &
Associates
Height: 374 meters
7. Bank of China
1989
Architect: I.M. Pei & Partners
Height: 369 meters
8. Emirates Tower I
2000
Architect: NORR Group Consultants Intl. Ltd.
Location: Dubai, UAE
Height: 358 meters
9. The Center
1998
Architect: Unknown
Height: 350 meters
10. T & C Tower

(Tuntex & Chien-tai Building)
1997
Architect: Hellmuth, Obata &
Kassabaum/Cy Lee
Location: Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Height: 347 meters
Height: 320 meters
11. AON Center

(Amoco Building)
1973
Architect: Edward D. Stone & Associates
Height: 346 meters
12. John Hancock Center
1969
Architect: Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM)
Height: 344 meters
13. Shun Hing Square
1996
Architect: K.Y. Cheung Design Associates
Location: Shenzhen, China
Height: 325 meters
14. Citic Plaza
(Sky Central Plaza)
1996
Architect: Dennis Lau snd Ng Chu Man & Associates
Location: Guangzhou, China
Height: 322 meters
15. Burj Al-Arab Hotel
(Arabia Tower)
1998
Architect: Tom Wright of WS Atkins & Partners
Location: Dubai, UAE
Height: 321 meters
16. Baiyoke Tower 2
1998
Architect: Plan Architect Co.
Location: Bangkok, Thailand
17. Chrysler Building

1930
Architect: William Van Allen
Location: New York City, USA
18. Bank of American Plaza
(Nationsbank Plaza)
1992
Architect: Johnson / Burgee Architects
Location: Atlanta, USA
Height: 312 meters
19. Library Tower

(First International World Center)
1990
Architect: Pei Cobb Freed and Partners
Location: Los Angeles, USA
20. Malaysia Telecom HQ
1998
Architect: Hijjas Kasturi Associates / Daewoo & Partners
Height: 310 meters
21. AT & T Corporate Center
1989
Architect: Peter Ellis, SOM
Height: 307 meters
22. Chase Tower
(Texas Commerce Bank)
1982
Architect: Pei Cobb Freed and Partners
Location: Houston, USA
23. Ryugyong Hotel
1995
Architect: Baikdoosan Architects & Engineers
Location: Pyongyoang, North Korea
Height: 300 meters
VIGAN CHURCH, Ilocos Sur

finished in 1800
located within the grid iron planned streets of a
colonial town
baroque elements include protruding columns and
solid frames; three arched doorways leading to three naves at
the first level, guarded by ionic pillars with chinese fu dogs
urn-like finial at pediment
SANTA MARIA CHURCH, Ilocos Sur

constructed late 18th century, 85 steps leading to
the church was built by Augustinian Benigno Fernandez
massive brick church perched on a hill
faade has circular buttresses, three openings and
a blind niche, semi-circular pediment
TUMAUINI CHURCH, Isabela
begun 1783-1788 by Dominican Domingo Forto and
town mayor Pablo Sason; 1803-1808 circular belltower
was completed
pampango artisans carved the hardwood molds for
the clay insets that decorate the church
ultra-baroque : unique for its extensive use of
baked clay both for wall finishes and ornamentation
ornamental details : serpentine reliefs, spiral
curves, flowers, foliage, sunfaces, cherubs and saints
circular belltower with white limestone finish,
decorated with bright red clay rosettes and festoons
CHURCH ARCHITECTURE
Instructor: Architect Eva Maria Villanueva
CHURCH ARCHITECTURE
simple, patterned after early Christian types; either
rectangular or cruciform with simple naves and aisles
thick walls reinforced with heavy buttresses for earthquakes
protection
immense sizes because of colonial policy which dictated that a
church should be built for every 5000 baptized
materials used include: volcanic tuff (adobe), hardened lava,
volcanic ejecta, sandstone, river boulders, clay, corals,
limestone, oyster shells, eggs
SIGNIFICANT EXAMPLES
PAOAY CHURCH, Ilocos Norte
built in 1694 by Antonio Estavillo, completed 1702-1710
faade: rectangular, with arched doorway, four continuous
pilasters alternating with niches
finials and crenellations at pediment niche at the apex
huge volutes with low relief lines tracing the contour to
disguise the large buttresses
ANGAT CHURCH, Bulacan

begun 1756-1773 by Augustinian Gregorio Giner;
completed in 1802 by Fray Joaquin Calvo
baroque style : coupled Corinthian and Doric
columns divide faade into levels or segments, statues ringed
with wreath-like ornaments flank niches, windows with basrelief curtains
plain three-storey belltower with balustered top
BARASOAIN CHURCH, Bulacan

1871-1878 : stone church was constructed to replace
wooden structure; 1880 earthquake ruined the church
1885 : Augustinian Juan Giron commissioned a
builder named Magpayo to rebuild the church
variation on the circle motif
flutings on pilasters with ends blunted into semicircles
detract from the NeoClassical
belltower has a cubic base, three layes accented by
blind and open windows, top has crenellations and six-sided
cone
SAN SEBASTIAN CHURCH, Manila

a church built for all times after previous churches
were damaged by earthquakes in 1863 and 1880
designed in the Gothic style (without flying
buttresses) by Genaro Palacios in Revivalist architecture
made entirely of steel; plans were sent to Belgium
where the parts were made in sections then transported to
Manila
interiors were painted to resemble faux marble;
adorned with sculpture by Eusebio Garcia and painting by
Lorenzo Rocha
SAN
AUGUSTIN
CHURCH, Manila
oldest church in the Philippines; built 1587-1607
by Juan Macias according to the plans approved by the
Royal Audencia de Mexico and by a Royal Cedula
1854 : Don Luciano Oliver (Municipal Architect of
Manila) directed the renovation of the faade by adding to the
height of the towers; these towers were damaged in the 1863
earthquake and were never rebuilt
plaza adorned with Fu dogs represents colonial urban
planning
High Renaissance : superpositioned Tuscan orders at

first level, Corinthian capitals at second level; circular windows
at plain pediment; heavily carved, two-paneled main door with
images of St. Augustine and St. Monica amidst Philippine flora
nave is flanked by 12 collateral chapels each housing
a Baroque or NeoClassic retablo
Baroque elements include trompe loeil : sculpture by
Italian artists Cesare Dibella and Giovanni Alberoni on the
ceiling and pilasters
cloisters built around an atrium with a garden planted
by Augustinian botaninst Manuel Blanco
TAAL CHURCH, Batangas

1858 : Fray Marcos Anton, with the help of the
architect Don Luciano Oliver, started construction; the
church was completed in 1878
built on top of a hill and may be reached through
flagstone steps, unobstructed by other buildings
faade : arched windows alternate with Ionic columns
at first level, Corinthian at upper level; projected cornices and
mouldings; three pediments
interior is cavernous bur drab with stout piers and

semi-circular apse : mathematical exactness rather than
ornamentation
DARAGA CHURCH, Albay

established by people who fled the eruption of Mt.
Mayon form Cagsawa
the Franciscan wanted a church with the best features
of Romanesque and Gothic, but it was executed by the
carvers in Baroque
faade : a whole tablet without columns and cornices,
only symmetrically positioned fenestrations, apertures and
niches; whorls, twisted columns, foliage, medallions, statues
and reliefs
MIAGAO CHURCH, Iloilo
present church was built 1786-1797 under the
supervision of fray Francisco Gonzales Maximo; a storey
was added to the left belfry in 1830
also served as fortress against Muslim pirates, simple
and massive structure mixed with ornate details
local botanical motifs at faade reliefs reminiscent of
cookie cutouts (de gajeta), used to describe 16th century
Mexican architectural reliefs
SANTO NINO DE CEBU BASILICA, Cebu

built by Fray Juan de Albarran about 400 years ago,
on the site where a soldier found an image of the Sto. Nino in
a settlement that the Spanish soldiers have burned down
the Convent was founded in 1565, making it the first
to be built in the country
constructed with stones from Panay and Capiz
faade : blending of Moorish, Romanesque and

NeoClassical elements; trefoils on the doorways; two levels
divided into three segments and topped by pediment; retablo
at the center
belltower has four-sided balustraded dome
interior : pierced screen with floral motifs, pineapple
decors at the choirloft, corn cobs at the capital

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FUTURE SKYSCRAPERS

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and the quality of its acoustics make the

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New York City Hall

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Architect: Inigo Jones the greatest of English Classical

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above arched courtyard apertures, rusticated base

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