APPENDIX B

Nonlinear BH Curves

TABLE B.1 Constants for = B/H = [1/(k1 ek2 B + k3 )] + o furnished by Mark A.

Juds with permission of Eaton Corporation. Note that these are all approximate and
highly dependent on manufacturing methods, etc.
Ferromagnetic Material

k1

k2

k3

1010 annealedUS Steel

1010 cold rolledUS Steel
1020 annealedUS Steel
1020 cold rolledUS Steel
1030 annealedUS Steel
1030 cold rolledUS Steel
ArmcoR H0
Armco M6
Armco M15
Armco M19
Armco M22
Armco M36
Armco M45
Armco M47
CarpenterR HipercoR 15
Carpenter Hiperco 50 A
Carpenter HiPermR 49 annealed
Carpenter HiPerm 49 mill processed
Carpenter HiMuR 80
Carpenter HiMu 800
Carpenter silicon core iron B-FM
Cast iron grayMetals HDBK
Cast iron nodularMetals HDBK
MagneticsR SqPermalloy

4.847
36.62
4.770
14.23
50.00
40.00
0.00001500
0.006819
0.8795
2.150
2.214
1.683
3.500
0.1247
5.137
0.0009388
0.001857
53.86
0.0002031
0.00002000
1.192
4093
55.04
0.04500

1.908
1.331
2.055
1.699
1.371
1.416
4.650
3.195
2.666
2.477
2.412
2.432
2.148
3.335
1.700
2.816
6.265
0.9941
26.73
31.32
2.812
0.9865
2.324
9.091

227.3
534.9
302.2
806.5
645.3
1212.
11.08
10.59
94.27
83.03
90.38
103.5
124.8
70.83
389.8
49.92
8.250
149.3
1.858
2.758
174.5
142.1
1630
6.344
(continued)

Magnetic Actuators and Sensors, Second Edition. John R. Brauer.

2014 The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

361

362

APPENDIX B: NONLINEAR BH CURVES

TABLE B.1

(Continued)

Ferromagnetic Material

k1

k2

k3

Magnetics SupermalloyR
Magnetics SupermendurR
MetglasR 2605S-2
Metglas 2605S-3A
Metglas 2605SM
Metglas 2826MB
Micrometals 26
Micrometals 52
Stainless steel 416Metals HDBK
Stainless steel 430F HRB = 78Carpenter
Stainless steel 430F HRB = 87Carpenter
Stainless steel 430FR 9.53 mm DiaCarpenter
Stainless steel 430FR 15.9 mm DiaCarpenter

0.1073
0.03715
0.00003232
0.0007339
0.003031
0.00002981
2000
2002
11.92
0.01186
0.1384
0.02981
0.01375

9.176
0.9109
5.632
5.178
6.138
17.82
1.092
1.023
2.749
7.701
6.117
6.880
8.428

3.046
11.12
2.164
1.588
1.171
0.9301
889.4
1901
1036
418.2
708.9
407.4
723.5

APPENDIX B: NONLINEAR BH CURVES

363

2.5

B (T)

1.5

0.5

5000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

H (A/m)

FIGURE B.1 Step BH curve suitable for finite-element analysis, in which the slope below
1.93 T is 10,000 times the permeability of free space and the slope above 2 T approaches the
permeability of free space. The data points are in Table B.2.1.

TABLE B.2.1 Data points for

step BH curve of Figure B.1.
B (teslas)
0
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07

H (A/m)
0
153.5
155.1
158.3
164.7
177.4
202.9
304.9
406.9
610.9
1009
1805
3396
6578
12,942
20,897

364

APPENDIX B: NONLINEAR BH CURVES

B (T)

1.5

0.5

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000 50,000
H (A/m)

60,000

70,000

80,000 90,000

FIGURE B.2 Real BH curve used for finite-element analysis of cylindrical plunger and
stopper of the Bessho actuator. The relative permeability for B < 0.55 T is (0.55/695)/12.57E
7 = 630. The data points are in Table B.2.2.

TABLE B.2.2 Data points for

real BH curve of Figure B.2.
B (teslas)

H (A/m)

0
0.55
1.0
1.15
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.75
1.8
1.85
1.9
1.95
1.96026
2.15513

0
695
1350
1600
1800
1950
2200
2600
3800
5300
8000
10,652
15,624
25,568
45,457
81,618
89,780
244,854

APPENDIX B: NONLINEAR BH CURVES

365

2.5

B (T)

1.5

0.5

5000

10,000
H (A/m)

15,000

20,000

FIGURE B.3 Ramp BH curve used for finite-element analysis. The relative permeability
of the initial ramp is 630, and of the final ramp is 1. See Table B.2.3 for data points.

TABLE B.2.3 Data points for

ramp BH curve of Figure B.3.
B (teslas)

H (A/m)

0
1.0
1.5
1.9
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.07263
2.12253
2.13041
2.28009

0
1263
1894
2399
3396
6578
12,942
20,897
22,987
62,691
68,960
188,073