TPG4160 Reservoir Simulation 2004

Lectures

page 1 of 3

Thursday 8.1 (2 hrs)

Introduction to reservoir simulation; need for numerical solutions; discretization of the simple, linear diffusivity
equation derivation; concept of grid blocks; Taylor series: forward, backward and central differences; error terms;
time and space derivatives; discretization of the simple form of the partial difference equation into a difference
equation; explicit formulation
Hand-out note 1: Introduction to reservoir simulation
Exercise 1:
Numerical solution of the linear diffusivity equation
Monday 12.1 (2 hrs)
Implicit and explicit formulations of the difference equations; explicit solution; implicit solution of
simultaneous equations. stability of solution; solution of linear equations; Formulation of boundary conditions
for the difference equations; constant pressure boundary (Dirichlet condition) and constant rate boundary
(Neuman condition)
Thursday 15.1 (2 hrs)
Derivation of fluid flow equations; Derivation of partial differential equation (PDE) for one-dimensional, onephase flow: 1) mass balance, 2) Darcy's eqn., 3) eqn. of state of fluid (B-factor or compressibility definitions) 4)
pore compressibility. Initial condition and boundary conditions; horizontal and non-horizontal flow;
Discretization of general form of single phase PDE; expansion and numerical approximation of the right hand
side of the equation; numerical approximation left hand side of the equation; definition of transmissibilities and
flow coefficients; discussion of the numerical approximations; definition of matrix coefficients; physical
significance of left side and right side terms
Hand-out note 2:
Hand-out note 3:

Review of basic steps in derivation of flow equations

Discretization of the flow equations

Monday 19.1 (2 hrs)

Discretization of general form of single phase PDE (contd); numerical approximation left hand side of the
equation; definition of transmissibilities and flow coefficients; discussion of the numerical approximations;
definition of matrix coefficients; physical significance of left side and right side terms
Hand-out note 4:

One dimensional, single phase simulation

Thursday 22.1 (2 hrs)

Discretization of general form of single phase PDE (contd): non-horizontal flow; coefficient matricies for 1dimensional, 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional systems; Solution of sets of linear equatons; coefficient matrix
structure for one-dimensional, two-dimensional and three-dimensional systems; effect of grid block numbering
on bandwidth (longest direction, shortest direction); coefficient matrix structure for two-dimensional systems
Hand-out note 5: Direct solution of linear sets of equations
Monday 26.1 (2 hrs)
Derivation of fluid flow equations (contd); multiphase flow; derivation of oil-water flow equations; continuity;
Darcys, phase behavior; rock compressibility; review of relative permeabilities and capillary pressures;
discretization of flow equations for two phase flow; oil and water transmissibilities and storage terms;
discussion of non-linear solution methods
Thursday 9.2 (2 hrs)
Oil-water flow equations (contd); discussion of non-linear solution methods; introduction to IMPES method;
basic assumptions for IMPES method; solution of pressures and saturation using IMPES method; illustration
of numerical errors using the Buckley-Leverett system; selection of mobility term for oil-water flow; upstream,
downstream and average selection; physical arguments for selection; effects on simulation results; stability
considerations
Hand-out note 6:

Oil-water simulation - IMPES solution

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics

Professor Jon Kleppe

4.5.04

TPG4160 Reservoir Simulation 2004

Lectures

page 2 of 3

Monday 2.2 (2 hrs)

Oil-water flow equations (cont'd); summary of upstream, downstream and average selection of mobility term;
initial and boundary conditions; well specifications in oil-water systems; oil rate and liquid rate conditions;
bottom hole pressure conditions; water cut and rate constraints; rate reduction and well recompletion schemes to
meet constraints
Exercise 2:

Oil-Water Simulation using the IMPES Method

Thursday 5.2 (2 hrs)

Two-phase, oil-gas simulation; equations for saturated systems; definitions; review of parameters and functional
dependencies; discretization of right hand side and left hand side; IMPES solution; undersaturated system;
definitions; review of parameters and functional dependencies;
Hand-out note 7:
Hand-out note 8:

Saturated oil-gas simulation - IMPES solution

Underaturated oil-gas simulation - IMPES solution

Monday 9.2 (2 hrs)

Two-phase, oil-gas simulation (cont'd); undersaturated system; definitions; review of parameters and functional
dependencies; discretization of right hand side and left hand side; example of gas injection in initially
undersaturated oil; discussion of saturated and undersaturated systems; IMPES-type solution of oil pressure and
bubble point pressure for undersaturated systems and oil pressure and gas saturation for saturated systems
Thursday 12.2 (2 hrs)
Three phase flow; Saturated systems; Flow equations (PDEs); difference formulations with oil pressure and two
saturations as primary unknowns (saturated case); review of oil-water and gas-oil capillary pressures and relative
permeabilities; IMPES-type solution of oil pressure, gas saturation and water saturation
Hand-out note 9:
Hand-out note 10:

Three Phase Flow

Variable Bubble Point Problems

Monday 16.2 (2 hrs)

Eclipse short course (by Jan Ivar Jensen)
Exercise 3: Three phase Eclipse exercise
Short course: Eclipse 100
Thursday 19.2 (2 hrs)
Review lecture
Monday 23.2 (lecture-free weeks)
Thursday 26.2 (lecture-free weeks)
Monday 1.3 (lecture-free weeks)
Thursday 4.3 (lecture-free weeks)
Monday 8.3 (2 hrs)
Equations for flow in systems of variable flow area; cylindrical coordinates, transformation of radial coordinate
by logarithmic function, discretization, radial transmissibilities, effects of full circle connection in cylindrical
coordinates (r,);
Hand-out note 11: Systems of variable flow area
Exercise 4: Extending Exercise 3 to include water injection
Thursday 11.3 (2 hrs)
Equations for flow in systems of variable flow area (contd); variable layer thickness in linear coordinate
systems, staircase grids; Solution of non-linear equations; Newtonian iteration for fully implicit solution of
pressures and saturations;
Hand-out note 12: Solution of non-linear equations

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics

Professor Jon Kleppe

4.5.04

TPG4160 Reservoir Simulation 2004

Lectures

page 3 of 3

Monday 15.3 (2 hrs)

Solution of non-linear equations (contd); Newtonian iteration for fully implicit solution of pressures and
saturations, coefficient matrix, solution of linear equations
Exercise 5: Coning exercise with Eclipse
Self study
Introduction to fractured reservoir simulation; Description of dual porosity systems; Ekofisk description;
Equations for modelling fluid flow in naturally fractured reservoirs (Ekofisk type); equations for transport in
fractures and supply from matrix blocks; dual porosity, single permeability formulation (21); dual porosity,
dual permeability formulation (22);
Hand-out note 13: Introduction to Fractured Reservoir Simulation
Self study
Introduction to compositional simulation; Compositional fluid formulation vs. Black Oil fluid formulation;
short presentation of flow equations for compositional reservoir simulation; n-component model;
Compositional fluid formulation; pseudocompositional model; Derivation of Black O i l equations from
Compositional equations; definitions of components, mass fractions and equilibrium constants for this special
case;
Hand-out note 14:
Introduction to compositional simulation
Monday 22.3 (2 hrs)
Introduction to the Gullfaks PBL group project
PBL Group Work:

Gullfaks PBL project description

Thursday 25.3
PBL Group Work all groups meet for discussions of groups status in P1
Monday 29.3 (lecture-free week)
Thursday 1.4 (lecture-free week)
Monday 5.4 (Easter)
Thursday 8.4 (Easter)
Monday 12.4 (Easter)
Thursday 15.4
PBL Group Work all groups meet for discussions of groups status in P1
Monday 19.4
No lecture (PBL Group Work)
Thursday 22.4
Course on GLview/Petroviz by John Ivar Haugland
Monday 26.4
No lecture (PBL Group Work)
Thursday 29.4
Presentations of Group work

Norwegian University of Science and Technology

Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics

Professor Jon Kleppe

4.5.04