BIbab 4 Ketermampatan

1
Compressibility
Theory
Topics
define rock compressibility, pore volume compressibility, bulk volume

compressibility and matrix compressibility
use equations for rock compressibility
describe experimental method to evaluate rock compressibility
explain the effect of compressibility on rock properties (porosity,
permeability)
RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES
AZMAN IKHSAN/SKM2313
Compressibility
Theory
In general, the isothermal coefficient of compressibility of a material is

defined as
Compressibility is the ability of a soil or rock to reduce in volume

with applied pressure.
A measure of the relative volume change of a fluid or solid as
a response to a presure (or mean stress) change.
c=-
1 V
V P T
Compressibility
Theory
A material under initial confining pressure of P1 has volume V. When the
pressure increases to P2, the volume reduce by V.
c (compressibility) is given by;
c = -
1 V
1 V
=V P2 P1
V P
The negative sign will give positive value for compressibility.
The unit for compressibility is pressure to the power of -1.

Psi-1, kPa-1, (Nm-2)-1, bar-1 dll
Compressibility
Theory
Compressibility
Jenis Ketermampatan
3 types of porous rock compressibility
1. Rock matrix compressibility
The fraction of change in volume of the solid rock material (grains) with a
V 1
unit change in pressure.
cr = - r
Vr P
2. Rock bulk compressibility
The fraction change in volume of the bulk volume of the rock with a unit
change in pressure
V 1
cb = - b
Vb P
3. Pore compressibility
The fractional change in pore volume of the rock with a unit change in
V 1
pressure.
cp = - p
Vp P
Compressibility
Theory
Reservoir rock is under stress.
Internal stress by fluid in the pore

(hydrostatic)
External stresses by may have

different values in different
directions.
Compressibility
Types of compressibility
Production of fluid from the
pore will change the internal
stress causes the resultant
stress to change.
The change in resultant

stress will change the
volumes of matrix, pore and
bulk.
In reservoir engineering the
pore volume compressibility
is more important.
Reduction in
pore pressure
Compressibility
Compressibility measurement
Measurement of matrix compressibility, cr
The rock matrix will uniformly deform
under hydrostatic pressure. The bulk
deformation of the rock can be stated as
matrix compressibility, cr
cr = Saturate rock with liquid
Vr 1
Vr P
Apply hydrostatic pressure to the

saturated rock.
Compressibility
Measurement of bulk and pore compressibility, cb & cp
Copper-jacked fluid
saturated rock
Apply hydrostatic pressure on the

copper-jacked rock.
10
Compressibility
Vb V p
cp
V p
Carpenter & Spencer (only change the external

pressure, p*)
Vp
V p
Vp
Pore compressibility, cp,

component of the total rock
compressibility.
V p
Vb
V p 1
V p p p
c p p
c p p
c p kecerunan graf
p*
p, constant
c p p
V p
Vb
vs p
V p perubahan isipadu liang diukur

dari isipadu air yg terkeluar dari teras
semasa peningkatan tekanan luaran
11
Compressibility
measurement
Vb Compressibility
Vp
V p 1
Measurement
and pore compressibility, cb & cp
cp
of bulk
p
Vp
& Spencer (only change the external

Carpenter
Vp
c p p*)
p p
pressure,
Vp
V p
Vp
V p
Vb
c p p
c p p
c p slope of graph
V p
Vb
vs p
V p change in pore volume measured from
p*
p, constant
the produced water during external
pressure
increament .
12
Compressibility
Hall : similar to experiment by Carpenter & Spencer
1
Vp
Formation
compressibility
V p

p p
the total rock

compressibility
13
Compressibility
Hall : (constant overburden pressure), p*
1
Vp
V p

p p
Effective compressibility
14
Compressibility
Theory by Geertsma
cb
1
Vb
V
*b
p p
cb was determined by
measuring the change in bulk
volume of saturated jacketed
core due to external hydraulic
pressure change and constant
internal pressure.
p*
p,
constant
15
Compressibility
Theory by Geertsma
For sandstone and shale
dVb
cb dp dp
Vb
and
dV p
Vp
cb
dp
dp
for c r cb
dV p
Vp
cb was determined by
measuring the change in bulk
volume of saturated jacketed
core due to external hydraulic
pressure change and constant
internal pressure.
1 dVb
Vb
Since V p Vb , therefore
dV p dVb
p*
p, constant
This showed that the change in bulk

volume is the same as the change in pore
volume.
16
Compressibility
Theory by Geertsma
If the p are equal from all directions , then
dp 0 and
dV p
cb
1 dV p cb
dp atau
Vp
V p dp
cb
c p defined as pore volume compressibility
p*
constant
17
Compressibility
Theory by Geertsma
Geertsma has stated that in a reservoir only the vertical
component of hydraulic stress is constant and that the
stress components in horizontal plane are characterized
by the boundary condition that there is no bulk deformation
in those directions.
1 dV p 1 cb 1
cp
V p dp 2 2
Thus, the effective pore compressibility for

reservoir rocks on the depletion of internal
pressure is only one-half of that determined
by this method.
18
Compressibility
In summary, it can be stated that pore volume compressibility of

consolidated sandstones are of the order of 5x10-6 to 10x10-6 psi-1
(ABW)
Typical values for formation compressibility range from
3x10-6 to 20x10-6 psi-1 (Tarek Ahmed)
19
Compressibility
20
21

BIbab 4 Ketermampatan

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

BIbab 4 Ketermampatan

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

1

define rock compressibility, pore volume compressibility, bulk volume

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

In general, the isothermal coefficient of compressibility of a material is

Compressibility is the ability of a soil or rock to reduce in volume

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

c (compressibility) is given by;

The negative sign will give positive value for compressibility.

The unit for compressibility is pressure to the power of -1.

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

Reservoir rock is under stress.

Internal stress by fluid in the pore

External stresses by may have

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

The change in resultant

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

cr = Saturate rock with liquid

Apply hydrostatic pressure to the

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

Apply hydrostatic pressure on the

Carpenter & Spencer (only change the external

Pore compressibility, cp,

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

V p perubahan isipadu liang diukur

& Spencer (only change the external

V p change in pore volume measured from

the total rock

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

Hall : (constant overburden pressure), p*

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

This showed that the change in bulk

c p defined as pore volume compressibility

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

Thus, the effective pore compressibility for

In summary, it can be stated that pore volume compressibility of

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

RESERVOIR ROCK PROPERTIES

S-ar putea să vă placă și