International Convention on Load Lines

Adoption: 5 April 1966; Entry into force: 21 July 1968

It has long been recognized that limitations on the draught to which a ship may be
loaded make a significant contribution to her safety. These limits are given in the form of
freeboards, which constitute, besides external weathertight and watertight integrity, the
main objective of the Convention.
The first International Convention on Load Lines, adopted in 1930, was based on the
principle of reserve buoyancy, although it was recognized then that the freeboard should
also ensure adequate stability and avoid excessive stress on the ship's hull as a result of
overloading.
In the 1966 Load Lines convention, adopted by IMO, provisions are made for
determining the freeboard of ships by subdivision and damage stability calculations.
The regulations take into account the potential hazards present in different zones and
different seasons. The technical annex contains several additional safety measures
concerning doors, freeing ports, hatchways and other items. The main purpose of these
measures is to ensure the watertight integrity of ships' hulls below the freeboard deck.

All assigned load lines must be marked amidships on each side of the ship, together
with the deck line. Ships intended for the carriage of timber deck cargo are assigned a
smaller freeboard as the deck cargo provides protection against the impact of waves

The Convention includes three annexes.

Annex I is divided into four Chapters:

Chapter I - General;

Chapter II - Conditions of assignment of freeboard;

Chapter III - Freeboards;

Chapter IV - Special requirements for ships assigned timber freeboards.

Annex II covers Zones, areas and seasonal periods.

Annex III contains certificates, including the International Load Line Certificate.

Various amendments were adopted in 1971, 1975, 1979, and 1983 but they required
positive acceptance by two-thirds of Parties and never came into force.
The 1988 Protocol, adopted in November 1988, entered into force on 3 February 2000.
As well as harmonizing the Convention's survey and certification requirement with those
contained in the SOLAS and MARPOL conventions, the 1988 Protocol revised certain
regulations in the technical Annexes to the Load Lines Convention and introduced the
tacit amendment procedure, so that amendments adopted will enter into force six
months after the deemed date of acceptance unless they are rejected by one-third of
Parties. Usually, the date from adoption to deemed acceptance is two years.
The 1995 amendments - adopted under the positive acceptance procedure - did not
come into force and were superseded by the 2003 amendments, adopted after entry into
force of the 1988 Protocol.
The 2003 amendments
Adopted: June 2003
Entry into force: 1 January 2005
The amendments, which amount to a comprehensive revision of the technical
regulations of the original Load Lines Convention, do not affect the 1966 LL Convention
and only apply to those ships flying the flags of States Party to the 1988 LL
Protocol. However, the number of Parties to the 1988 Protocol has now risen, such that
Parties to the 1988 Protocol now represent more than 90 per cent of world merchant
shipping by tonnage, while Parties to the 1966 cover more than 99 per cent of world
merchant shipping by tonnage.
The amendments to Annex B to the 1988 Load Lines Protocol include a number of
important revisions, in particular to regulations concerning: strength and intact stability of
ships; definitions; superstructure and bulkheads; doors; position of hatchways, doorways
and ventilators; hatchway coamings; hatch covers; machinery space openings;
miscellaneous openings in freeboard and superstructure decks; cargo ports and other
similar openings; spurling pipes and cable lockers; side scuttles; windows and skylights;
calculation of freeing ports; protection of the crew and means of safe passage for crew;
calculation of freeboard; sheer; minimum bow height and reserve buoyancy; and others.

Routeing Charts Information

A routeing (pilot) chart is one of the most valuable tools available to the sailor.
Each chart documents prevailing weather patterns-- wind, currents, wave
heights, visibility, surface pressure, sea surface temperature, and ice caps--for
5o sections of the North Atlantic, South Atlantic, North Pacific, South Pacific, or
Indian Oceans for a given month of the year. In essence, a pilot chart contains
graphic representations of averages obtained from data gathered over man
years in meteorology and oceanography to aid the navigator in selecting the
quickest and safest routes.

International Load Line Zone Chart

This map summarises data from the International Convention on Load Lines
1966 and Protocol of 1988, as amended in 2003. With effect from January
2014 the Southern Winter Seasonal Zone boundary has changed

The International Load Line Zones and Areas map outlines Summer, Winter
and Tropical Zones, Seasonal Areas as well as their Fresh Water equivalents.
Also included are the new boundary changes coming into effect from January
2014.

Also listed are the co-ordinates of the outer limits. Applicable dates are shown
below the map, together with a schematic of standard load line markings and
abbreviations.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ON SHIP AND ITS

CONTENTS
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ON SHIPS:
1)

CHART CATALOGUE - NP 131 PUBLISHED EVERY YEAR.

2)

CHARTS.

3)

ROUTEING CHARTS. 60 CHARTS IN ALL, 1 CHART FOR EACH MONTH FOR 12 MONTHS AND FOR 5
OCEAN REGIONS.

4)

OCEAN PLOTTING SHEETS. 5 CHARTS, SET LATITUDES, VARIABLE LONGITUDES.

5)

OCEAN PASSAGES OF THE WORLD. 1 VOLUME, 2 PARTS.

6)

SAILING DIRECTIONS. 72 VOLUMES

7)

ADMIRALITY LIST OF LIGHT AND FOG SIGNALS. 11 VOLUMES PUBLISHED EVERY 15 MONTHS. 'A' TO
'L' EXCEPT " I ".

8)

ADMIRALITY LIST OF RADIO SIGNALS. 8 VOLUMES PUBLISHED EVERY YEAR EXCEPT VOLUME 4 EVERY
18 MONTHS.

9)

NORIES / BURTONS TABLES.

10) NAUTICAL ALMANAC EVERY YEAR.

11) SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS USED ON CHARTS (5011).
12) WEEKLY NOTICES TO MARINERS BA.6 PARTS, INDIAN 8 PARTS.
13) ANNUAL NOTICES TO MARINERS.
14) CUMULATIVE NOTICES TO MARINERS. PUBLISHED EVERY 6 MONTHS.
15) SHIPS ROUTEING.
16) ISGOTT ON TANKERS.
17) IAMSAR. INTERNATIONAL AERONAUTICAL AND MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE MANUAL.
18) SOLAS: 12 CHAPTERS.

19) MARPOL: 8 ANNEXES.

20) IMDG: 4 VOLUMES AND ONE SUPPLIMENT.
21) MFAG.
22) INTERCO.
23) ADMIRALITY TIDE TABLES - 4 VOLUMES.
24) GUIDE TO PORT ENTRY.
25) CODE OF SAFE WORKING PRACTICES FOR BULK CARGO VESSELS.
26) SHIP CAPTAINS MEDICAL GUIDE.
27) SIGHT REDUCTION TABLES.
28) TIDAL STREAM ATLASES. 17 VOLUMES.
29) BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE.
30) MARINERS HAND- BOOK, NP 100.

SHIPS ROUTEING:

PART A: GENERAL, DESIGN CRITERIA AND SYMBOLS.

PART B: TSS.
PART C: DEEP WATER ROUTES.
PART D: AREA TO BE AVOIDED.
PART E: OTHER ROUTEING MEASURES.
PART F: ASSOCIATED RULES AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF NAVIGATION.

MARINER'S HANDBOOK: NP 100.

CHAPTER 1: CHARTS, NAVIGATIONAL INFORMATION, SUPPLY OF CHARTS, NAV WARNINGS ETC.

CHAPTER 2: USE OF CHARTS AND OTHER NAV AIDS, FIXING POSITIONS ON CHARTS, LIGHT AND FOG
SIGNALS, BUOYAGE, ECHO SOUNDING ETC.
CHAPTER 3: OPERATIONAL INFORMATION AND REGULATIONS.
CHAPTER 4: THE SEA.
CHAPTER 5: METEOROLOGY.
CHAPTER 6: SEA - ICE - ICEBERGS.
CHAPTER 7: OPERATIONS IN POLAR REGIONS WHERE ICE IS PREVALENT.
CHAPTER 8: OBSERVING AND REPORTING HYDRO INFORMATION.

CODE OF SAFE WORKING PRACTICES FOR MERCHANT

SEAMEN:

THIS CODE PROVIDES A SOUND BASIS UPON WHICH THE CONCERNED CAN ESTABLISH
AND MAINTAIN SAFE WORKING CONDITIONS ON BOARD SHIPS AT SEA AND IN PORT
AND DESIGNEDTO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS.

PUBLISHED FOR THE MARITIME AND COASTGUARD AGENCY UNDER LICENCE FROM
THE CONTROLLER OF HER MAJESTIES STATIONERY OFFICE.

CONTENTS BEING :

SECTION 1: SAFETY
RESPONSIBLITIES/SHIPBOARD

MANAGEMENT.

CHPT 1:

RISK ASSESSMENT.

CHPT 2:

HEALTH SURVEILLANCE.

CHPT 3:

SAFETY OFFICIALS.

CHPT 4:

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT.

CHPT 5:

SAFETY SIGNS.

CHPT 6:

MEANS OF ACCESS AND SAFE MOVEMENT.

CHPT 7:

WORK EQUIPMENT.

SECTION 2: PERSONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY.

CHPT 8:

SAFETY INDUCTION.

CHPT 9:

FIRE PRECAUTIONS.

CHPT 10: EMERGENCY PROCEDURES.

CHPT 11: SECURITY ON BOARD.
CHPT 12: LIVING ON BOARD.
CHPT 13: SAFE MOVEMENT.
CHPT 14: FOOD PREPERATION AND HANDLING.

SECTION 3: WORK ACTIVITIES.

CHPT 15: SAFE SYSTEMS OF WORK.

CHPT 16: PERMIT TO WORK SYSTEMS.

CHPT 17: ENTERING ENCLOSED AND CONFINED SPACES.
CHPT 18: BOARDING ARRANGEMENTS.
CHPT 19: MANUAL HANDLING.
CHPT 20: USE OF WORK EQUIPMENT.
CHPT 21: LIFTING PLANT.
CHPT 22: MANTAINENCE.
CHPT 23: HOTWORK.
CHPT 24: PAINTING.
CHPT 25: ANCHORING, MOORING AND TOWING OPERATIONS.
CHPT 26: HATCH COVERS AND ACCESS LIDS.
CHPT 27: HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES.
CHPT 28: USE OF SAFETY SIGNS.

SECTION 4: SPECIALIST SHIPS.( LATER TO BE PUBLISHED.)

CHPT 29: DRY CARGO SHIPS.

CHPT 30: TANKERS AND OTHER SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID CARGOES.
CHPT 31: SHIPS SERVING OFFSHORE GAS AND OIL INSTALLATIONS.
CHPT 32: RO-RO FERRIES.
CHPT 33: PORT TOWAGE INDUSTRY.

SECTION 5: APPENDIXES

APPENDIX 1: STANDARD SPECIFICATIONS REFERED TO IN THIS CODE.

APPENDIX 2: BIBLIOGRAPHY.

BRIDGE PROCEDURES GUIDE:

PUBLISHED BY: INTERNATIONAL CHAMBER OF SHIPPING. EDN REFERRED TO: 1990

FOREWORD

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

REFERENCES

PART A: GUIDANCE FOR MASTERS AND WATCH KEEPING OFFICERS

BRIDGE ORGANISATION

1.1

GENERAL

1.2

PASSAGE PLAN.

1.3

SAFETY SYSTEM - MAINTENANCE AND TRAINING.

PASSAGE PLANNING

2.1

RESPONSIBILITY FOR PASSAGE PLANNING

2.2

PILOTAGE AND PASSAGE PLANNING.

2.3

NOTES ON PASSAGE PLANNING.

2.4

PARALLEL INDEX PLOTTING.

DUTIES OF THE OFFICER ON WATCH

3.1

GENERAL

3.2

KEEPING A GOOD WATCH.

3.3

MAIN ENGINES.

3.4

CHANGING OVER THE WATCH.

3.5

PERIODIC CHECKS OF NAVIGATIONAL EQUIPMENT.

3.6

HELMSMAN / AUTOPILOT.

3.7

NAVIGATION IN COASTAL WATERS.

3.8

RESTRICTED VISIBLITY.

3.9

CALLING THE MASTER.

3.10 NAVIGATION WITH PILOT EMBARKED.

3.11 WATCHKEEPING PERSONNEL.
3.12 SEARCH AND RESCUE.
3.13 HELICOPTER OPERATIONS.
3.14 LOG BOOKS.
3.15 BRIDGE AND EMERGENCY CHECKLISTS.
3.16 SHIP AT ANCHOR.
3.17 SHIPS DRAFT AND MANOEUVERING INFORMATION.
3.18 BRIDGE LOCATED SYSTEMS / SYSTEMS CONTROLS / MONITORING AND OPERATIONS.

OPERATION AND MANTAINCE OF NAVIGATIONAL EQUIPMENT

4.1

GENERAL

4.2

RADAR AND ARPA.

4.3

STEERING GEAR AND AUTOPILOT.

4.4

GYRO AND MAGNETIC COMPASSES.

4.5

CHRONOMETRES.

4.6

ECHO SOUNDERS.

4.7

SPEED AND DISTANCE RECORDERS.

4.8

ELECTRONIC POSITION FIXING AIDS.

4.9

DIRECTION FINDERS.

4.10 HYDROGRAPHIC PUBLICATIONS.

4.11 EMERGENCY NAVIGATIONAL LIGHTS AND SIGNAL EQUIPMENT.
4.12 RADIOTELEPHONE.
4.13 SHIP RADIO REPORTING SYSTEMS AND REQUIREMENTS.

ANNEX I:

PILOT CARD.

ANNEX II: WHEELHOUSE POSTER.

ANNEX III: GUIDANCE ON STEERING GEAR TEST ROUTINES.
ANNEX IV: NOTICE ON THE CORRECT USE OF VHF CHANNELS.
ANNEX V: REQUIRED BOARDING ARRANGEMENTS FOR PILOTS.

PART B: BRIDGE CHECKLISTS.

FAMILIARISATION WITH BRIDGE EQUIPMENT.

DAILY TESTS AND CHECKS.

PREPARATION FOR SEA.

EMBARKATION / DISEMBARKATION OF PILOT.

MASTER / PILOT INFORMATION EXCHANGE.

NAVIGATION, DEEP-SEA.

NAVIGATION, COASTAL WATERS / TRAFFIC SEPERATION SCHEMES.

CHANGING OVER THE WATCH.

PREPARATION FOR ARRIVAL IN PORT.

10 ANCHORING AND ANCHOR WATCH.

11 RESTRICTED VISIBILITY.
12 NAVIGATING IN HEAVY WEATHER OR IN TROPICAL STORM AREAS.
13 NAVIGATING IN ICE.

PART C: EMERGENCY CHECKLISTS (RED PAGES)

MAIN ENGINE FAILURE.

STEERING FAILURE.

GYRO FAILURE / COMPASS FAILURE.

BRIDGE CONTROL / TELEGRAPH FAILURE.

IMMINENT COLLISION / COLLISION.

STRANDING.

FIRE.

FLOODING.

BOAT / LIFERAFT STATIONS

10 MAN OVER BOARD.

11 SEARCH AND RESCUE.

M/S NOTICES:
CONTAINS ESSENTIAL INFORMATION FOR THE SAFETY OF MERCHANTR SHIPS AND
SEAMEN. THESE NOTICES ARE GUIDELINES TO SURVEYORS, MARINE SUPERS AND
FOLLOWED BY SHIP OWNERS, MASTERS, SHIP BUILDERS, CLASSIFICATION SOCIETIES FOR
INSPECTION MANTAINENCE AND OPERATION OF SHIPS.
THESE NOTICES ARE TO BE CORRECTED AND UPDATED OR NEW NOTICES ARE ISSUED
IN THE FORM OF SUPPLIMENTS. THEY WILL BE SUPERCEDED OR CANCELLED.

M. NOTICES - ISSUED BY THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT. (FOR A LIST OF THE M NOTICES

CURRENTLY IN FORCE. (FOR A LIST OF M NOTICES PLEASE GOTO MY DOCUMENTS AND
OPEN FILE OF THE SAME NAME.

MS. NOTICES - ISSUED BY THE INDIAN GOVERNMENT THROUGH THE COMPILATION OF

THE M.S NOTICES FOR THE YEAR 98.) PLEASE GOTO EXPLORER AND LOOK UP FOLDER IN
C; OF THE SAME NAME.

ADMIRALITY TIDE TABLES:

VOLUME 1: NP 201 - UNITED KINGDOM AND IRELAND.

VOLUME 2: NP 202 - EUROPEAN WATERS INCLUDING MEDITERANEAN SEA.
VOLUME 3: NP 203 - SOUTH CHINA SEA AND INDIAN OCEAN.
VOLUME 4: NP 204 - PACIFIC OCEAN AND ADJACENT SEAS.

ON THE BACK COVER THE MAP OF THE WORLD SHOWING THE LIMITS OF EACH
VOLUME IS DRAWN. EACH VOLUME IS DIVIDED INTO THREE PARTS:
PART 1: PRIMARY PORTS. GIVING DAILY PREDICTIONS OF TIME OF LOW AND HIGH
WATERS.
PART 2: DATA OF SECONDARY PORTS.
PART 3: PRINCIPLE OF HARMONIC CONSTANTS.

IMPORTANT DEFINITIONS:

1) BORE TIDE: AS A PROGRESSIVE WAVE ENTERS SHALLOW WATERS ITS SPEED DECREASES.
SINCE THE TROUGH IS SHALLOWER THAN THE CREST RETARDATION IS GREATER
RESULTING IN THE STEEPENING OF WAVE FRONT SO IN ESTUARIES ADVANCE OF
TROUGH IS SO-MUCH RETARDED THAT THE CREST OF THE RISING TIDE OVERTAKES IT
AND ADVANCES UPSTREAM IN A CHURNING WALL OF WATER.. DANGEROUS FOR
MOORED SHIPS WHICH CAN SURGE.
2) CHART DATUM: LOWEST ASTRONOMICAL TIDE BELOW WHICH THE LEVEL OF WATER
DOESNT USUALLY FALL.
3) NEGATIVE SURGES: FALL IN LOW WATER OR PREDICTED WATER DUE TO
METEOROLOGICAL REASONS.
4) SEICHES: OCCURS IN A CONFINED BODY OF WATER. A LONG WAVE HAVING CREST AT
ONE END AND TROUGH AT OTHER END OF CONFINED SPACE.ABRUPT CHANGES IN
METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS LIKE PASSAGE OF AN INTENSE DEPRESSION OR LINE OF

SQUALL MAY CAUSE OSCILLATIONS OF SEA LEVEL, SO THE P0ERIOD BETWEEN

SUCCESSIVE WAVES CAN BE UNPREDICTABLE, FEW MINUTES TO TWO HOURS.

TIDAL STREAM ATLASES:

GIVES THE TIDAL PREDICTION FOR EVERY HOUR INCLUDING RATE AND DIRECTIONS
OF THE SPRINGS AND NEAPS FOR EACH OF THE 6 HOURS BEFORE AND AFTER HIGH
WATER FOR A PARTICULAR PLACE.
11 VOLUMES + 3 EXTRA VOLUMES WHICH COVER SOUTH EAST ASIA INCLUDING
MALACA STRAITS.

ADMIRALITY LIST OF LIGHT AND FOG SIGNALS:

CONSISTS OF 11 VOLUMES, 'A' TO 'L' EXCEPT " I ". SINCE I CANNOT BE MISTAKEN FOR 1.

PUBLISHED EVERY 15 MONTHS.

CORRECTIONS FOR THESE BOOKS ARE ISSUED UNDER SECTION 5 OF THE WEEKLY
NOTICES TO MARINERS.

THE ITEM TO BE CORRECTED WILL HAVE AN ASTERIX MARKED UNDER IT THOUGH THE
WHOLE ROW MAY BE PASTED UPON.

CONTENTS:

1)

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE DIAGRAMME / LUMINOUS RANGE DIAGRAM.

ON THE HORIZONTAL AXIS - NOMINAL RANGE.

ON THE VERTICAL AXIS - LUMINOUS RANGE.

WITHIN THE QUADRANT ARE METEOROLOGICAL VISIBLITY CURVES.

2)

ABBREVIATIONS USED.

3)

EXPLAINATIONS OF LIGHTS.

4)

CHACTERISTICS OF LIGHTS.

5)

OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION INSTALLATION

WORLD MAP IS DRAWN ON THE COVER INDICATING THE LIMITS OF EACH VOLUME.

THE FORMAT FOR THE TABLE OF CONTENTS IS:

1) LIGHT NUMBER.
2) LOCATION AND NAME.
3) LAT / LONG.
4) CHARACTERISTICS AND INTENSITY.
5) ELEVATION IN METRES.
6) NOMINAL RANGE.
7) DESCRIPTION OF STRUCTURE.
8) REMARKS.

DEFINITIONS:

1)

GEOGRAPHICAL RANGE: IT IS THE THEORETICAL RANGE CONCIDERING THE CURVATURE

OF THE EARTH AND THE REFRACTIVITY OF THE ATMOSPHERE. {2.095 ( sq rt of ht of eye +
sq rt ht of object)}.

2)

THE NOMINAL RANGE: IT IS THE LUMINOUS RANGE WHEN THE MET. VISIBLITY IS 10
MILES.

ADMIRALITY LIST OF RADIO SIGNALS:

8 VOLUMES PUBLISHED ANNUALLY EXCEPT FOR VOLUME 4 WHICH IS PUBLISHED EVERY

18 MONTHS.

CORRECTIONS FOR THESE ARE ISSUED EVERY WEEK UNDER SECTION 6 OF THE WEEKLY
NOTICES TO MARINERS.

ALRS. VOLUME 1: NP - 281; COAST RADIO STATION, PUBLIC

CORRESPONDENCE.

INCLUDES ALL FREQUENCIES AND CLASSES OF EMMISIONS.

INFORMATION ABOUT MEDICAL ADVICE BY RADIO - INMARSAT.

MARITIME SATELLITE SERVICE.

GMDSS.

SHIP REPORTING SYSTEM.

PIRACY REPORTS.

REGULATIONS FOR USE OF RADIO IN TERMINAL WATERS.

BREIF EXTRACT OF RADIO REGULATIONS TOGETHER WITH ASS DIAGRAMS.

PART 1: EUROPE, AFRICA AND ASIA (EXCLUDE PHILLIPINES AND INDONESIA).

PART 2: PHILLIPINES, INDONESIA, AMERICA, AUSTRALIA, GREENLAND AND ICELAND.

ALRS. VOLUME 2: NP - 282; RADIO NAVIGATIONAL AIDS

INCLUDES RADIO DIRECTION FINDING.

RADAR BEACONS.

RADIO TIME SIGNALS.

ELECTRONIC POSITION FIXING SYSTEMS.

ALRS. VOLUME 3: NP - 283; RADIO WEATHER SERVICES AND NAV

WARNINGS TOGETHER WITH OTHER M.S.I. BROADCASTS. (MARINE
SAFETY INFORMATION).

PART 1: EUROPE, AFRICA AND ASIA (EXCLUDE PHILLIPINES AND INDONESIA).

PART 2: PHILLIPINES, INDONESIA, AMERICA, AUSTRALIA, GREENLAND AND ICELAND.

ALRS VOLUME 4: NP 284 - LIST OF METEOROLOGICAL

OBSERVATION STATIONS.

THIS VOLUME IS ALSO AVAILABLE ON FLOPPY.

ALRS VOLUME 5: NP - 285; GMDSS.

ALRS VOLUME 6: NP - 286; PILOT SERVICES AND PORT

OPERATIONS, VESSEL TRAFFIC SERVICES AND REPORTING SYSTEMS
INCLUDES ALL THE MARITIME RADIO PROCEDURES ESSENTIAL TO ASSIST VESSELS
REQUIRING PILOTS AND/OR ENTERING PORTS.

NAUTICAL ALMANAC:
PUBLISHED EVERY YEAR AND IT CONTAINS TABULATED DATA OF THE ENTIRE YEAR
FOR THE PRACTICE OF ASTRONOMICAL NAVIGATION AT SEA.
FUNCTION HAS ALSO BEEN PROVIDED TO USE THE ALMANAC OF THE PREVIOUS YEAR
FOR THE SUBSEQUENT YEAR IN CASE THE SUPPLY OF THE ALMANAC HAS BEEN DELAYED
ON BOARD.

ADMIRALITY DISTANCE TABLES: NP - 350

PUBLISHED IN THREE VOLUMES:

VOLUME 1: NP - 350(1) Atlantic Ocean AND CONNECTED SEAS.

VOLUME 2: NP - 350(2) Indian Ocean AND CONNECTED SEAS.
VOLUME 3: NP - 350(3) Pacific Ocean AND CONNECTED SEAS.

THESE DISTANCES ARE GIVEN IN NAUTICAL MILES AND ARE THE SHORTEST NAVIGABLE
DISTANCE WITHOUT CONCIDERING THE ADVANTAGE OF CURRENT AND WEATHER.

TRANS OCEANIN DISTANCES MAY BE FOUND BY CONCIDERING A LINK PORT OR

POSITION COMMON TO BOTH THESE OCEANS.

OCEAN PASSAGES OF THE WORLD: NP - 136

THE HYDROGRAPHER OF THE NAVY PUBLISHES IT.

IT IS USED IN PLANNING DEEP SEA VOYAGES.

CONTAINS NOTES ON METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE PASSAGE.

GUIDES A MARINER TO FOLLOW THE BEST PASSAGE IN A PARTICULAR MONTH

THROUGH A PARTICULAR STRETCH.

IT IS A UNIQUE ADMIRALITY PUBLICATION, IN WHICH SAILING VESSELS ARE DEALT WITH

SEPERATELY.

IN PASSAGE PLANNING BOTH THE ASD. AND OPW. ARE VALUABLE PUBLICATIONS TO
REFER TO.

WHILE ASD. IS GENERALLY REQUIRED FOR COASTAL NAVIGATION THE OPW. IS

REQUIRED FOR OCEAN NAVIGATION.

IT IS DIVIDED INTO 4 PARTS:

PART 1: POWER DRIVEN VESSELS, CHAPTER 1 TO 8.

PART 2: SAILING VESSELS, CHAPTER 9 TO 11.
PART 3: A COMPREHENSIVE GENERAL INDEX.
PART 4: CHARTS AND DIAGRAMMES.

THE BOOK GIVES A NUMBER OF ILLUSTRATIVE CHARTS AND DIAGRAMMES SHOWING

PRINCIPAL ROUTES BETWEEN KEY PLACES TO GUIDE A MARINER IN GENERAL.

ADDITIONALLY FOLLOWING CHARTS ARE FOUND.

1) WORLD CLIMATIC CHARTS. (JAN. - JULY.)

2) TRACKS FOLLOWED BY SAILING AND AUXILLARY POWERED VESSELS.
3) WORLD OCEAN CURRENTS.
4) LOADLINE RULES, ZONES, AREAS AND SEASONAL PERIODS.

OPW IS KEPT UPTODATE BY A PERIODICAL SUPPLIMENT.

CHART CATALOGUE: NP - 131

PUBLISHED BY THE HYDROGRAPHER OF THE NAVY EVERY YEAR. IT CONSISTS OF 37
SECTIONS, WHICH GIVES THE DATE OF PUBLICATION, DATE OF CURRENT EDITION,
COVERAGE AREA OF A PUBLICATION, DIAGRAMMATIC INDEX OF COVERAGE AND TITLES
OF VARIOUS CHARTS AND PUBLICATIONS.

IT ALSO GIVES THE DETAILS OF THE AGENT FROM WHOM TO PROCURE THEM WITH
THE PRICE OF EACH ITEM.

SOME OF THE IMPORTANT CONTENTS ARE LISTED BELOW:

1)

GENERAL INFORMATION.

2)

LIST OF ADMIRALITY CHARTS AND AGENTS.

3)

NUMERICAL LIST OF CHARTS AND PUBLICATIONS.

4)

LIMITS OF CHART INDEX.

5)

LIMITS OF SMALL SCALE CHARTS.

6)

LIST OF CHAIN DETAILS OF DECCA - LORAN CHARTS.

7)

WALL AND OUTLINE CHARTS.

8)

ROUTEING CHARTS.

9)

FISHERIES CHARTS.

10) LIST OF ADMIRALITY SAILING DIRECTIONS.

GUIDE TO PORT ENTRY:

THE GUIDE TO PORT ENTRY IS PUBLISHED IN TWO VOLUMES COVERING THE PORTS OF
THE ENTIRE WORLD USING A VARIETY OF INFORMATIONS REGARDING VARIOUS
ASPECTS OF PORTS.

THE INFORMATION PROVIDED IS THOROGHLY PROFESSIONAL AND IS OF GREAT VALUE

NOT ONLY TO SHIP MASTERS BUT ALSO TO CHARTERERS, OWNERS AND TO VARIOUS
PARTIES CONNECTED SHIPPING.

EACH VOLUME IS FURTHER DIVIDED INTO TWO PARTS:

1) DESCRIPTION OF THE PORT IS GIVEN IN A VERY SYSTEMATIC WAY.

2) YELLOW PAGES GIVING PLANS AND MOORING DIAGRAMMES OF VARIOUS PORTS
WHICH MAY BE USEFUL TO THE SHIPS OFFICERS.

THE CONTENTS CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS FOLLOWS:

1)

PORT LIMITS.

2)

DOCUMENTS.

3)

PILOTAGE.

4)

HEALTH.

5)

POLICE AND AMBULANCE.

6)

SERVICES.

7)

EMERGENCY.

8)

BANKS.

9)

CURRENCY.

10) SEAMANS CLUBS.

11) DEVELOPMENTS.
12) SHIPS MASTERS REPORTS.
13) AUTHORITY AND QUARINTINE AGENTS.

ADMIRALITY SAILING DIRECTIONS:

72 VOLUMES THE SUPPLIMENTS OF WHOSE, ARE PUBLISHED EVERY 18 TO 24 MONTHS.

POPULARLY KNOWN AS PILOTS.

PROVIDE VALUABLE INFORMATION THAT MAY BE NEEDED BY A MARINER REGARDING

ANY AREA.

VARIOUS NAVIGABLE AREAS ALL OVER THE WORLD ARE COVERED BY DIFFERENT ASD.
VOLUMES.

A DIAGRAMMATIC KEY SHOWING BOUNDARIES OF GEOGRAPHICAL AREAS COVERED BY

DIFFERENT VOLUMES MAY BE FOUND IN ADMIRALITY CHART CATALOGUE.

GNERAL NFORMATION ABOUT ANY AREA AND KNOWLEDGE OF LOCAL REGULATIONS,

CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, ANCHORAGES, PORT FACILITIES, HARBOUR APPROACHES ETC
MAY BE EASILY ACQUIRED BY READING THE APPROPRIATE VOLUME.

CORRECTIONS TO ASD. ARE FOUND IN SECTION 4 OF WEEKLY NOTICES TO MARINERS.

THOSE IN FORCE AT THE END OF THE YEAR ARE REPRINTED IN THE ANNUAL NOTICES TO
MARINERS.

EACH SUCCESIVE PUBLICATION SUPERCEDES THE PREVIOUS ONE.

ADMIRALITY LIST OF NOTICES TO MARINERS:

(WEEKLY EDITION)

CONTAINS INFORMATION, WHICH ENABLES THE MARINER TO KEEP HIS CHARTS AND
BOOKS PUBLISHED BY THE HYDROGRAPHIC DEPARTMENT UPTODATE FOR THE LATEST
REPORTS RECEIVED.

THEY SHOULD BE RETAINED UNTIL THE NEXT ANNUAL SUMMARY TO ADMIRALTY

NOTICES TO MARINERS IS RECEIVED.

HOWEVER WEEKLY EDITIONS DATING AS FAR BACK AS 18 MONTHS MAY BE REQUIRED

AND MUST BE KEPT SAFELY ON BOARD.

THE HYDROGRAPHER OF THE NAVY PUBLISHES THEM.

CONTENTS:

T/P NOTICES ON THE LAST WEEK OF THE MONTH.

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS IN CURRENT USAGE QUARTERLY.

LIST OF ENFORCED NAVAREAS QUARTERLY.

SECTION 1: USE OF CHARTS AND ASSOCIATED PUBLICATIONS.

GEOGRAPHICAL INDEX.

NOTICE NUMBER / PAGE / CHART / FOLIO NUMBER.

CHART NUMBER / NOTICE NUMBER.

ASTERIX ALONGSIDE THESE ITEMS OF CORRECTION INDICATE ORIGINAL INFORMATION

I.E INFORMATION GATHERED BY THE BRITISH HYDROGRAPHER AND NOT BY OTHER
COUNTRY'S AUTHORITIES.

SECTION 2: ITEMS TAGGED 'PL' ARE NEW EDITIONS OF CHARTS, SUPPLIERS

INFORMATION, CHART CORRECTIONS. LAST CORRECTION DATE IS GIVEN BELOW THE
ACTUAL CORRECTION.

SECTION 3: NAV. WARNINGS: 16 NAV AREAS TO BE FILED, CANCEL AS PER

CANCELLATION OR ENFORCED LIST. HYDROLANTS AND HYDROPACS TO BE FILED ALONG
WITH NAV WARNINGS FILE ITSELF.

THEY ARE ISSUED BY THE UNITED STATES COAST GUARD:

* HYDROLANTS: WARNINGS FOR PACIFIC AND INDIAN OCEANS.
* HYDROPACS: ATLANTIC AND MEDITERRANEAN SEA.

SECTION 4: CORRECTIONS TO SAILING DIRECTIONS.

SECTION 5: LIST OF LIGHTS AND FOG SIGNALS.

SECTION 6: CORRECTION TO ALRS.

ADDITIONALLY TOWARDS THE END WE HAVE BLOCKS NOTES AND REPORTING FORMS
TO THE HYDROGRAPHER (FORMS-H102/H102a).

INDIAN NOTICES TO MARINERS:

PUBLISHED EVERY FORTNIGHT BY THE HYDROGRAPHER OF THE NAVY - DEHRADUN.

SECTION I: INDEX TO CHARTS AFFECTED.

SECTION II: PERMANENT NOTICES.

SECTION III: TEMPERARY AND PRELEMINARY NOTICES TO MARINERS.

A LIST OF THOSE T/P NOTICES ENFORCED IS UBLISHED QUARTERLY AND TEXT
REPUBLISHED IN ANNUAL EDITION OF INDIAN NOTICES TO MARINERS.

SECTION IV: MARINE INFORMATION.

SECTION V: RADIO NAV. WARNINGS (ONLY NAV. AREA 8).

SECTION VI: CORRECTIONS TO ASD.

SECTION VII: CORRECTIONS TO ADMIRALITY LIST OF LIGHTS AND FOG SIGNALS.

SECTION VIII: CORRECTIONS TO ADMIRALITY LIST OF RADIO SIGNALS.

ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ADMIRALITY NOTICES TO MARINERS:

IT CONTAINS REPRINTS OF T/P NOTICES

CORRECTIONS TO SAILING DIRECTIONS

CORRECTIONS FOR TIDE TABLES.

ANNUAL SUMMARY OF ADMIRALITY NOTICES TO MARINERS

(INDIAN):

1)

LIST TO UPDATE CORRECTIONS OF CHARTS.

2)

INDIAN EQUIVALENT OF BRITISH ADMIRALITY CHARTS.

3)

UNEXPLODED CHARGES AND DANGERS TO NAVIGATION.

4)

TEXT OF T/P NOTICES IN FORCE.

CUMULATIVE NOTICES TO MARINERS.

PUBLISHED EVERY 6 MONTHS (JANUARY TO JULY).

CONTAINS NOTICES AFFECTING THE DIFFERENT CHARTS WITH THE WEEKLY NOTICE
NUMBER ADJOINING IT FOR THE PREVIOUS TWO YEARS.

ACTUAL INVENTORY OF PUBLICATIONS TAKEN ON MY LAST

SHIP: THE INVENTORY WAS TAKEN ON (20/02/'97)
I)

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS HOUSED ON BRIDGE:

1)

BROWNS NAUTICAL ALMNAC.

2)

ADMIRALITY NAUTICAL ALMNAC.

3)

ANNUAL SUMARY OF NOTICES TO MARINERS.

4)

I.A.L.A. JOURNAL. 1944 EDN.

5)

SYMBOLS AND ABBREVISATIONS USED ON ADMIRALITY CHARTS, CHART 5011. 1991

EDN.

6)

NORIES NAUTICAL TABLES.

7)

SHIP'S ROUETING GUIDE.

8)

SOLAS '92 WITH '94 AMENDMENTS.

9)

INTERNATIONAL SAFETY GUIDE FOR TANKERS AND TERMINALS, 1996 EDN.

10) GUIDANCE NOTES TO MERCHANT SHIPPING HEALTH AND SAFETY. 1984 EDN.
11) CLEAN SEAS GUIDE FOR OIL TANKERS. 1989 EDN.
12) GUIDE TO HELICOPTER SHIP OPERATIONS. 1989 EDN.
13) CRUDE OIL WASHING MANUAL. 1983 EDN.
14) INERT FLUE GAS SAFETY GUIDE. 1978 EDN.
15) BRIDGE PROCEDURE GUIDE. 1990 EDN.
16) SHIP TO SHIP TRANSFER GUIDE. 1988 EDN.
17) CODE OF SAFE WORKING PRACTICES FOR MERCHANT SEAMEN.
18) RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OIL TANKER MANIFOLDS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT.
1991 EDN.
19) SHIP SHORE SAFETY CHECKLIST GUIDELINES.
20) ICE NAVIGATION IN CANADIAN WATERS, (CANADIAN COAST GUARD PUBLICATION).
21) WORLD PORT INDEX. 1996 EDN.
22) SIGHT REDUCTION TABLES FOR AERO-MARINE NAVIGATION.(VOLUMES 1&2).

I.M.O. PUBLICATIONS:

1)

S.T.C.W. CONVENTION CODE.

2)

I.M.D.G. SUPPLIMENT.

3)

I.A.M.S.A.R.

4)

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON LOADLI9NES. 1981 EDN.

5)

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR SAFE CONTAINERS. 1996 EDN.

6)

REGULATION FOR PREVENTION OF POLLUTION BY OIL. 191 EDN.

7)

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION OFR THE HARMONISED SYSTEM OF SURVEY AND

CERTIFICATION.

8)

INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR THE HARMONISED SYSTEM OF SURVEY AND

CERTIFICATION: 1989 EDN.

9)

COLLISSION PREVENTION. 1990 EDN.

10) INERT GAS SYSTEM. 1990 EDN.

11) CRUDE OIL WASHING SYSTEMS. 1983 EDN.
12) REGULATION F0R THE CONTROL OF POLLUTION BY NOXIOUS SUBSTANCES. 1983 EDN.
13) GUIDELINES FOR THE IMPLIMENTATION OF THE ANNEX V MARPOL.
14) MANUAL ON OIL POLLUTION, SECTION I. 1983 EDN.
15) MARPOL 73/78. 1991 EDN WITH 1992, 1994 & 1995 AMENDMENTS.
16) INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION FOR SAFE CONTAINERS.

U.S. PUBLICATIONS.

1)

CHEMICAL DATA GUIDE FOR BULK SHIPMENT BY WATER. (NOV, 90)

2)

GUIDE TO U.S. GOVERNMENT VESEL ENTRY / CLEARANCE / UINSPECTION /

DOCUMENTATION PROCEDURES.

3)

SEA CARRIER SECURITY MANUAL.

4)

M.E.T. PUBLICATION #515, RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR FOREIGN VESSELS

OPERATING THE NAVIGABLE WATERS OF THE UNITED STATES.

D.O.T. (U.K) PUBLICATIONS.

1)

GUIDANCE NOTES TO MERCHANT SHIPPING (HEALTH AND SAFETY). 1984 EDN.

2)

INTERNATIONAL CODE OF SIGNALS. 1996 EDN.

3)

CODE OF SAFE WORKING PRACTICES FOR MERCHANT SEAMEN.

4)

SHIP CAPTAINS MEDICAL GUIDE. 1983 EDN.

EXXON PUBLICATIONS:

1)

POLLUTION PREVENTION ON TANKERS.

COMPANY PUBLICATIONS:

1)

SAFETY PROCEDURES DURING UNDERWATER SURVEYS, CHECKLIST.

2)

COMPANY DRUG AND ALCOHOL POLICY.

3)

COMPANIES TRAINING MANUAL.

I.C.S. PUBLICATIONS.

1)

CLEAN SEA GUIDES FOR OIL TANKERS. 1994 EDN.

2)

PREVENTION OF OIL SPILLS THROUGH CARGO PUMPROOM SEA VALVES. 1976 EDN.

3)

GUIDE TO HELICOPTER SHIP OPERATIONS. MAY, 1989 EDN.

4)

SHIP SHORE SAFETY CHECKLIST GUIDELINES.

O.C.I.M.F. PUBLICATIONS.

1)

EFFECTIVE MOORING. 1989 EDN.

2)

PERIL AT SEA AND SALVAGE. 1992 EDN.

3)

SHIP TO SHIP TRANSFER GUIDE. 1988 EDN.

4)

SHIP INFORMATION AND QUESTIONNARE FOR BULK OIL CARRIERS. 1989 EDN.

5)

GUIDELINES AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE SAFE MOORING OF LARGE SHIPS AT

PIERS AND SEA ISLANDS. 1978 EDN.

6)

RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE EQUIPMENT EMPLOYED IN THE MOORING OF SHIPS AT

S.P.M. 1988 EDN.

7)

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR OIL TANKER MANIFOLD AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENTS.1991

EDN.

8)

STANDARDS FOR OIL TANKER MANIFOLD AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT. 1981 EDN.

9)

GUIDELINES FOR THE SHIPBOARD DRUG AND ALCOHOL POLICY. JUNE 1995 EDN.

10) INSPECTION GUIDELINES FOR BULK OIL CARRIERS. 1989 EDN.

11) FLAMMABLITY HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH THE HANDLING STORAGE AND THE
CARRIAGE OF RESIDUAL FUEL OILS. 1989 EDN.
12) MOORING EQUIPMENT GUIDELINES. 1992 EDN.

VARIED PUBLICATIONS.

1)

NAVIGATION PROCEDURES MANUAL.

2)

LIFE SAVING APPARATUS TRAINING MANUAL.

3)

PERSONAL SURVIVAL AT SEA.

4)

RULES AND REGULATIONS FOR SEA PORTS. 1995 EDN.

5)

BRIDGE TEAM MANAGEMENT. 1993 EDN.

6)

MANUAL ON SAFE BOARDING AND LANDING OF PILOTS.

7)

ACTION AGAINST POLLUTION.

8)

GUIDELINES FOR THE CONTROL OF DRUGS AND ALCOHOL ON SHIPS.

9)

MASTERS ROLE IN COLLECTING EVIDENCE. 1989 EDN.

10) PIRATES AND ARMED ROBBERS.

11) GUIDANCE TO MASTERS TO SIGN THE BILL OF LADING.
12) WORLD PORT INDEX. 1976 EDN.
13) CHEMICAL HAZARD RESPONSE SYSTEM.

LSA & FFA NOTES

LAUNCHING OF LIFE BOAT IN EMERGENCY
As soon as I take orders from Master:
Sound signal, I will wear my PPE with Life Jacket
Proceed to designated station
Establish communication
Collect my crew with PPE and Life Jacket (check whistle, lights etc)
Head count
Brief them their duties once again
Railing removed, see for obstruction remove, proper illumination, boat falls checked
See over board side clear
Dont mention harbour pins
Since they are removed as a P.O.B or sailing
Gripes to be removed from the deck
Will check overboard side and lower embarkation ladder
First will send two persons in one will start eng another put plugs in life line to be
released in boat itself for free most while lowering
Fwd painter to be passed and made fast to strong point, When at embarkation level
Release tracing pendent and make fast bows in tackle.
All sit in boat except winch man
Lower the boat slowly, checking the over side
Release fall hooks together and make water borne
Once water borne the final person to be in boat
Make 45 deg angle less then by boat hook and 90 deg towards wind water side
Before going additionally I will try to bring in Chart, EPIRB, SART, Binoculars, extra ration,
fresh water, warm clothings, blankets, walki talkies and area charts.
Note: stay away from sinking/ emergency ground, but stay near the area
Since salvage would search u there.
While lowering fall hooks both to be released together.
DAVIT LAUNCHED INFLATABLE LIFERAFT
1. See for adequate illumination.
2. Remove guardrails. Obstruction.
3. Raise raft from deck by davit, hold bowsing lines at each end of raft, hold painter line
and short red fireline.
4. Slew the davit arm to overside, make fast bowsing lines and painter.
5. Check overside obstn, inflate by pulling sharply the red firing line.

6. Once inflated make sure raft is well secured to deck by bowing lines.
7. Ensure all personnels are correctly wearing their life jackets.
8. Board the raft make sure it doesnt tilt since supported by one wire.
9. Once boarding is complete, release bowsing lines and painter and check all clean
around and below the raft then lower away.
10. Once in water, release raft and allow to drift clear of immediate danger, before
streaming sea anchor.
Instructions for the launching in close proximity to the launching station. Emergency
lighting, means of access, drills of above every 4 months by special liferaft.
MANUAL LAUNCHING OF AN INFLATABLE LIFERAFT
1. Look overside clear for launching the raft.
2. Ensure painter is secured to a strong point.
3. Remove any side railings, obstructions, chains etc.
4. Remove any securing arrangements form the raft itself.
5. If safe to launch then throw the raft to overable checking obstruction.
6. Pull painter to full length to inflate the raft.
7. Once raft is inflated (should normally take 1 to 3 min) dependent on climatic
conditions then board as soon as possible by means of rope or ladder provided.
Never jump directly into a raft from any height.
Boarding launching instruction to be placed on container itself or near launching station
ALARMS
1. General emg alarm.
2. Other emg alarm.
3. Means: by which abandon ship order is to be given.
MUSTER LIST CONTENTS1. Name and rank of crew member.
2. Duties assigned: (state separately for different emergencies)
3. Muster points (for respective emergencies)
4. Alternative muster points.
5. Boat station (no.1 / no.2)
6. Person responsible (for maintenance of equipments)
7. Name/Rank of responsible person or incharge of respective parties.
Emergency boat muster signal:
7 or more short blast followed by continous long ringing/sounding of ships
bells/whistles.
SOLAS TRAINING MANUAL

Shall be provided in each crew mess room and recreation room and bridge.
CONTENTS
Following shall be explained in details.
1. Donning of lifejacket, immersion suit and anti exposure suit.
2. Muster at the assigned station.
3. Boarding, launching and clearing the survival craft.
4. Method of launching from within the survival craft.
5. Release from launching appliances.
6. Method and use of devise for protection in launching areas.
7. Illumination in launching areas.
8. Use of all survival equipment.
9. Use of all detection equipment.
10. Use of radio LSA.
11. Use of engine and accessories.
12. Recovery of survival craft and rescue boat. (including storage and securing).
13. Hazards of exposure and need for warm clothing.
14. Best use of the craft facilities to survive.
15. Methods helicopter rescue and ships LTA.
16. Contents of muster list and emergency instructions.
17. Instructions for emergency repair of LSA.
LIFE BOAT
1. Speed: 6 kts all lifeboats. 2 kts if towing
2. Fuel : sufficient for 24 hrs at 6 kts.
3. Positive pressure: for min 10 mins if fitted with self contained compression.
4. Freefall lifeboats: Drop tested, 1-3 times the height they are certified to drop from the
vessel.
5. Engines: run weekly for 3 min (head and astern).
6. Inspection: visually weekly basis and equipments: (once in a month).
7. External lifeboat lights: visible range 2 miles, illumination min 12 hrs, if flashing light
type: 50 flashes per minute and should be maintained for 12 hrs.
8. Wire falls: every 2.5 years and renewed every 5 years unless stainless steel.
9. Launching criteria : in 20 deg list and 10 deg trim.
10. Load test : load tested every 5 years.
11. Release gear: to be overhauled every 5 years.
12. Launching instructions reg launch of lifeboat must be displayed in the close proximity
and be clearly legible.
13. Life boat capacity: not to be > 150 persons.
14. If lifeboat cannot be launched from on board then same means must be provided

(ladder) for a person to board who is lowering the life boat.

MAKING ON LIFE BOATS
1. Dimensions
2. Capacity
3. Makers serial no.
4. Name or trade mark of manufactures. (tag) inside.
5. Date of manufacture.
6. Name and POR of vessel marked on each bow of craft.
7. Callsign on the thwarts, (for seeing from top).
NOTES: about life boats:
Cargo vessel after 1986 fully enclosed lifeboat.
Passenger ships 1986 totally or partly enclosed lifeboat.
Oil tankers carrying cargo flashpoint <60 deg.
Fire protected totally enclosed is fitted with self-contained deluge or sprinkler system.
8 min resistance in oil fire.
Chemical / gas / toxic tankers.
Life boat with air support system.
10 min positive pressure inside.
Launching cargo ships 10 min, passenger ships 30 min.
LIFE RAFTS
Weight : weight of throw over the launch raft not >185 kgs.
Inflate : within 1 min fully inflate. Gas non toxic.
Lifer raft external light as per lifeboat.
Painter : twice the height (length) of its stowed position to water time at light ship
condition or 15 mts whichever is greater.
MRU : Service annually, Rafts : service annually.
HRU : throw away type validity two years,
Hook : automatic release hook of raft if fitted must be serviced: 2 5 years.
Proof tested 100 % swl every 5 years.
Launching station: a ladder must be provided at each life station.
If davit launch raft: must be capable of being launched with on adverse list of 20 deg /
trim of 10 deg.
MARKINGS ON LIFE RAFT (CONTAINER)
1. manufacturers name or trade mark.
2. serial no.
3. capacity of the raft

4. dot approved.
5. solas 86.
6. type of emergency pack enclosed.
7. date of last service.
8. length of painter line
9. maximum height of stowage.
10. launching instructions.
LIFE BUOYS.
Outer dia : not less than 800 mm.
Inner dia not less than 400 mm.
Grabline dia : not < 9.5 mm and the length is not less the 4 time the outer diameter of
buoy 4 loops secured in.
Colour : highly visible (generally orange)
Retro reflector tape : at 4 evenly spaced points : 50mm x 100 mm.
Dropping height : 30 mts without sustaining any damage.
MARKINGS
1. Manufactures name or trademark.
2. Max height above the water line it can be stored if this exceeds 30 m.
3. name and port of registry of the ship.
4. light : must have an intensity of not less than 2 candela.
If flashing then must flash at a rate of 50 flashes per min. and be provided with a source
of energy which will give this performance for a period of atleast 2 hrs.
Buoys with no lines 2 bride wings / 2 self igniting.
Max weight of life buoy 4 kgs. Min 2.5 kg.
2 with lines
4 with lights
2 with smoke / bridge wing.
LIFE JACKETS
Cargo ships and tankers:
32 kg and over ; 125% of the capacity of vsl (min 4)
< 32 kg and over ; 100% of the capacity of vsl (min 2)
one 32 kg ; for each watch keeper and remote survival craft station and inflatable
lifejackets
Passenger ships:
32 kg over ; 105% of capacity of vsl
< 32 kg over ; 10% of capacity of vsl.

One 32 kg ; for each watch keeper and remote survival craft station and inflatable
lifejackets.
Jumping in water 4.5 m height without injury max 6m.
Donning 1 min
Keeps head above water 12 cm.
MARKINGS
1. Name or trade mark of manufactures.
2. name and call sign of vsl.
DIMENSIONS OF PILOT LADDER
Handhold stanchions ; dia 32 mm
Above (b.w) height ; 120 cm
Gap between two ; min 70 cm, max 80 cm.
Man ropes without knots : dia 28 mm
(if req by pilot) / (as per ladder) height - as per ladder.
Side ropes : dia 18 mm
(between two) horizontal gap 40 cm
vertical gap 30 38 cm
Spreader : length 180 cm long
breadth 11.5 cm
thickness 2.5 cm
From bottom 5th step must be a spreader.
After max 8 steps between spreader 9 th spreader.
Ht of ladder above water level as per pilot.
Ladder must rest well over ship side.
No overboard discharge where ladder is placed.
Deck (p.b. area) lit by fwd shining overside light.
Life boat with self igniting light and a responsible d.off to pick up pilot.
Space to be clear of any slippery spaces and obstructions use of b.w ladder fastened.
Ships with height freeboard (more than 9 m) when no side door available: combination
ladder.
Pilot ladder must extend 2 mtrs above lower platform.
Accommodation ladder to rest firmly against ship side.
Should lead aft
Man slope 55 deg.
Lower platform horizontal.
Rigid hand rails preffered.

WATER TIGHT DOORS:

1. Can operate from bridge, locally at door, remote control station.
2. Alarms on bridge, for opening, closing, status light for all doors, low hydraulic
pressure.
3. An alarm will be activated out each door when moving until the door is fully opened
or closed.
4. Never attempt to pass through a door that is closing.
5. Each door can be operated by a back up system in the event of power failure. ( by
hand hydraulics).
MAINTENANCE1. Check for water tight seals for defects.
2. Check cleats and mounting for cracks and corrosion.
3. Check for hydraulic leaks.
4. Check doors seated correctly when closed and locking cleats are in place.
5. Clean up any oil or grease near watertight doors.
6. Report any defect to officer incharge of maintenance.
LIFE BOATS:
500 T or 85 m or greater :
100% L/B on each side totally enclosed
100% L/B on each side (if this is not possible then 200%)
or
100% L/B (free fall type launched over the stem) and
100% L/R on each side with a davit on side.
And
If vsl is more than 100m the one six man life raft fwd of aft depend on posn of block.
Rescue boat
One inflatable life jacket.
One survival suit for each rescue boat crew member.
50 m if buoyant line suitable for towing another craft.
Emergency lighting
Use to illuminate
1. Muster point
2. Embarkation stn
3. Routes to survival craft
4. Survival craft areas and over side of the vsl.
Davits
One set of davit per boat.

Lifeboat equipments
1. Sufficient buoyant oars to make broadway in calm seas.
2. Crutches or equivalent provided for each oar.
3. 2 boat hooks.
4. A buoyant bailer.
5. 2 buckets.
6. A survival manual.
7. A compass.
8. A sea anchor.
9. 2 painter (one permanent and 1 quick release)
10. 2 Hatchets (one forward and one aft)
11. 3 ltrs of water per person (valid for 3 yrs)
12. 10000 kj of rations per person (valid for 5 yrs).
13. 3 rustproof, graduated, drinking vsls.
14. 6 hand held flares.
15. 4 parachute flares.
16. 2 smoke floats.
17. 1 torch capable of signaling morse, with spare bulb and batteries.
18. 1 signaling mirror.
19. 1 signal card (solas no.2)
20. 1 whistle.
21. 1 first aid kit (valid for 5 yrs)
22. 6 sea sickness tablets for person.
23. 1 sea sickness bag per person.
24. 1 jack knife.
25. 3 tin openers.
26. 2 buoyant rescue quoits with 30m of buoyant line attached.
27. 1 manual bilge pump.
28. 1 set of fishing tackle.
29. Sufficient tools for minor engine repairs.
30. 2 fire extinguishers, suitable for oil fires.
31. 1 search light.
32. 1 radar reflector.
33. TPA for 10% of capacity of the boat or 2 whichever is greater.
LIFE RAFT EQUIPMENT
1. 2 buoyant paddles.
2. a buoyant boiler, if 13 persons or more then 2 boilers.
3. insts on immediate actions on boarding the raft.

4. a survival manual.
5. 2 sea anchors (one rigged and ready for use)
6. 1.5 ltrs of water per person (Valid for 3 yrs)
7. 10000 kj of rations per person (valid for 5 yrs)
8. 1 rust proof, gradated drinking vsl.
9. 6 hand held flares.
10. 4 parachute flares.
11. 1 torch capable of signaling morse with spare bulb and batteries.
12. 2 smoke floats.
13. 1 signaling mirror.
14. 1 signal card (SOLAS no.2)
15. 1 whistle.
16. 1 first aid kit (valid for 5 yrs)
17. 6 sea sickness tablets per persons.
18. 1 sea sickness bag per person.
19. 1 safety knife.
20. 3 tin openers.
21. 1 buoyant rescue quoits with 30 m of buoyant line attached.
22. 1 bellows p/p.
23. 1 set of fishing tackle.
24. 2 sponges.
25. 1 temporary repair kit
26. 1 permanent repair kit (rubber patches)
27. 1 radar reflector.
28. TPA for 10% of the capacity of the boat or 2 whichever is the greater.
LIFE BUOYS
1. Outer dia not less than 800 mm
2. Inner dia not less than 400 mm.
3. Grab lines must have a dia of not less than 9.5 mm and the length is to be not less
than 4 times the outside dia of life buoy and secured in 4 loops.
4. Lifebuoys must be brightly visible in colour.
5. Fitted on each side at 4 evenly points retro reflective material 50mm x 100mm in size.
6. Capable of being dropped from a ht of 30 m without sustaining damage.
7. If a line is fitted then line must be 27.5 m in length.
8. The light must have intensity of not less than 2 candela and if flashing than 50
flashes/minute and provide with source of energy for at least 2 hrs.
MARKINGS:

1. Manufactures name.
2. Max ht above the water line (if exceeds 30 m then name of the ship and port of
registry).
REQUIREMENT:
Min 8
50% with SI lights.
2 with 27.5 m buoyant line
2 with light/ smoke float capable of quick release.
LENGTH OF SHIP
Under 100 m min 8
100 m and under 150 10
150 m and under 200 m 12
200 m and over - 14
PYROTECHNICS : (Valid for 3 yrs)
On bridge : 12 parachute flares / 4 ltr (4 mm dia, 230 m in calm wx)
On life boat : 6 hand flares.
4 parachute flares.
2 smoke floats.
Parachute flares:
a. Can be fired to a lit of 300 m
b. Fall at 5 m / seconds
c. Burn for 40 sec
d. Intensity 30000 candelas
e. Burn red in colour.
HAND FLARES:
a. Burn for 1 minute.
b. Intensity 15000 candelas.
c. Burn red in colour.
ORANGE SMOKE FLOATS:
a. Burns for 2 4 minutes.
b. Omits orange coloured smoke.
BRIDGE WING LIGHT/SMOKE SIGNAL
a. Orange in colour.

b. Produce for 15 min.

c. Intensity of light not less than 2 candelas and if flashing then it must flash at a rate of
50 flash / minute with a source of energy for atleast 2 hrs.
LIFE JACKET
32 kg and over 105 % of capacity of vsl.
Less than 32 kg 10% of capacity of vsl.
Over 32 kg l/jacket for each watch keeper and remote survival craft stn and on
inflatable lifejacket for those who need them.
Intensity: 0.75 candela for atleast 8 hrs.
LSA REQUIREMENTS:
Passenger ship : 500 t or greater or 200 passenger more.
Lifeboats 50% each side (partially enclosed)
Liferafts 12.5% each side with davit even on each side
Or
Lifeboats 37.5% each side.
Life rafts 25% each side
Rescue boats 2 nos.
In any ease it is 125 % of the total persons onboard.
Passenger ships 500T or 200 persons.
Life rafts each side 100% davit launched.
Life rafts 150% each side if these are not transferable.
One rescue boat.
CPSC holder:
Persons 41 or less 2
42 or 61 3
62 to 85 4
85 or more 5
Emergency lighting should be form a separate emergency power source.
Illumination required area:
1. Muster points.
2. Embarkation stations
3. Route to survival craft
4. Survival craft area
5. Over the side of the vessel.
SEA ANCHORS
As per solas 1986 reg:

1. Conical in shape.
2. Porous material and slightly shift
3. Stable when towed at 6 knots.
4. Mouth shall open immediately on deplayment.
Length of painter attached to sea anchor : 30 m length
8mm dia.

SEA ANCHOR
Uses :
Reduces drift of the craft.
Narrows the search area.
Improves the stability of the craft in rough wx.
Makes comfortable motion. Therefore reduces risk of capsize.
SEARCH AND RESCUE RADAR TRANSPONDER: SART
Purpose of sart indicate position of survival craft.
For vessel of 500 T or more:
Atleast one on each side of the vsl or one on each survival craft.
Operates at 9 ghz, x-band 3 cm radar.
When activated, it will appear on the radar on 12 blips extending outwards from the
posn of target.
When target is nearer it will become concentric circles.
Battery should be capable of 96 ltrs on standby followed by 8 hrs of continous
interrogation.
EMERGENCY POSN INDICATING RADIO BEACON (EPIRB)Purpose: to indicate posn of
the person or the persons in distress.
Freq: 121.5 mhz : homing signal for air craft.
406 mhz : only call sign or maritime mobile service identity (mmsi) number.
1.6 mhz: also transmits posn with mmsi on gps feed given to it.
On 406 mhz EPIRB
1. Transmit signal to satellite
2. Set calculate the posn of epirb.
3. Relay the distress and posn to earth station.
4. Lut passes msg to mrcc.
5. MRCC is responsible for co-or with s/r opr. Initially and subsequently.

LUT: local user terminal.

MRCC : maritime rescue co-ordination center.
Requirement :
2 EPIRB each side.
Or
1 EPIRB and 2 sarts each side.
FIRE CONTROL PLAN1. Location of control stations.
2. Remote controls.
3. Fire fighting equipments
4. Detection systems.
5. Fire zones.
6. Ventilation system.
7. Access to spaces.
A spare set of the plan are to be kept in a water tight container on the deck house. (for
fire brigade)
FIRE WALLET1. Muster list and location of muster pt.
2. Crew list (no of crew).
3. General arrangement plan
4. Safety plan
5. Cargo plan
6. Trim stability booklet.
7. Details of fired fire fighting system.
8. Details of w/t doors and ventilation.
9. Details of emergency fire pump.
10. Important telephone nos.
11. Pumping arrangement.
Kept near the gangway along with ISC and l/buoy lit for the easy and nearest access to
eb.
FIRE LOCKER.
DCP (powder) extra cartridges, foam detergent, spare hose.
Spare nozzle, safety harness, line, ba cylinders, f.mountfit, torch, fire bucket, fire arc.
Location of fire locker to be well marked in the fire plan, and any changes in fire plan
and any changes in fire plan would require to be reconstructed.
INFO TO FIRE BRIGADE.1. Where is the fire (location).
2. Means of access.

3. Ways of ventilating
4. Dtls of cgo together with stowage plan.
5. What fire steps have taken.
6. Any persons missing.
7. What fixed installation are in use.
8. Condition of ships services.
9. General arrangement plan.
10. Stability data.
FIRE WALLET:
1. Muster list
2. No of persons on board.
3. General arrangement plan.
4. Details of fixed fire fighting system.
5. Details of ventilation of w/t doors.
6. Details of emergency fire pump.
7. Important telephone no.
8. Cargo plan and manifest.
9. Trim and stability booklet.
10. Foam platforms
11. Foam monitoring proportionating v/v.
12. Pumping arrangement.
13. Safety plan.
FFA:
1. Fire main
2. Fire hydrant
3. Fire hose
4. Fire nozzle.
5. Emergency fire pump
6. Main fire pump
7. Fixed fire fighting installation (co2, halon, foam, water sprinkler)
8. Portable fire extinguisher.
9. ISC
10. Fire wallet.
11. Ventilation arrangements
12. W/tight doors , fire doors.
13. Fire mans suit.
14. Emergency fire alarms.

15. Fire blanket

16. Portable foam applicator.
FIRE FIGHTING APPLIANCES:
FIRE PUMPS:
Two pumps each capable of delivering atleast one jet of water simultaneously from each
of any two hydrants, hoses, nozzles.
In addition to above one other pump such as g.s bilge, ballast pump shall be capable of
delivering water to the fire main.
If a fire in any one compartment could put all fire main out of action.
An independently driven power operated emg fire pump outside machinery space (must
be able to deliver atleast one jet of watch from each of any two hydrants). Cargo ships
and tankers 1000t or greater 2 pump, 500t 1000 1 pump.
Passenger ships ; >4000t 3 pumps, <4000t 2 pumps.
Fire hoses:
One hose for every 30 m length (not less than 5)
Total hoses length atleast 60% of loa.
One spare hose.
In E/R and machinery spaces atleast 2 hydrant.
1 port and stbd. (hose and nozzle at each hydrant)
All nozzle to be spray / jet with shut off facility.
Hoses to be max 18 m length.
Hose dia 64mm if unlined.
Hose dia 45 mm if lined.
HYDRANTS:
Two jets of water on any part of the ship and 1 jet from an single length of hose.
For tankers: isolating v/vs at end of accom and every 40 mtrs.
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER1. All of approved type and capacity not more than 13.5
ltrs and not less than 9 ltrs.
2. Spare charges for 100% of extinguisher.
3. Portable foam applicator consists of air foam nozzle of an indicator type capable of
being connected to the fire main by a fire hose and portable tank of 20 ltrs.
4. Rate of foam 1.5 m3/min.
INTERNATIONAL SHORE CONNECTIONCommon link between the vsl and shore for
pressuring fire main line.

One to be used on each side of the ship.

Out side dia-178mm, inside dia 64mm, washer 8
Bolts and nuts 4 nos (16mm dia: 150 mm in length, thickness flange min 14.5 mm)
FIRE MANS OUTFIT1. Fire proof protective clothing outersurface water proof.
2. Boots and gloves of rubber or non conductive electricity.
3. Rigid helmet.
4. Electric safety lamp (min for 3 hrs).
5. An axe (approved with cover)
6. Breathing apparatus
7. SCBA atleast 1200 ltrs capacity, function for 30 mins (40 ltrs/min).
8. Fire proof line attached to safety harness.
Fixed deck foam system.
1. Capable of delivering foam to ensure cargo tank area as well as into cot.
2. Control station outside and away from cargo area and readily accessible, simple and
rapid operation.
3. Rate and foam not less than 0.6 ltrs/m2 min.
4. Sufficient foam concentrate to produce foam for at least 20 min.
5. Foam supplied through foam monitors/applications.
6. Capacity of any monitor at least 3 ltrs/ m2 min.
7. Capacity of any application not less than 400 ltrs / min and turn not less than 15 mtrs.
FOAM
Min discharge rate not less than 0.6 ltr/min.
System should be able to produce foam for atleast 20 min.
Foam supplied for 3 monitor/applicator at lead at 1250 ltrs/min.
Cap of foam monitor at least 3 ltr/min.
Discharge cap of applicator at least 400 ltrs/min and should be able to throw the down
not less that 50 mtrs.
INERT GAS
Cargo hold : 25% of gross volume of cargohold. Production in 72 hrs.
TANKERS:125% max disch volume
O2 level 5%
Maintain tank O2 level 8%.
HRU (Hydrostatic release unit)
H2O type:
Easy way to release life rafts, EPIRBs and other systems from a sinking ship.

 Light weight.
Expiry every 2 years.
After installation it remains on board without maintenance or service ashore for up to
two yrs.
(other approved HRU requires annual torting)
it will release at all angles and needs only the required water pressure to activate.
Designed to activate at a depth of between 1.5 to 4.0 mtrs.
Weak link system, if used shall break under a strain of 2.2 +or- 0.4 kn (kilo Newton)
SCBA MONTHLY CHECKS
1. By pass central is fully closed.
2. Open cylinder valves. The whistle should be heard as the pressure raises in the gel.
Check cylinder or fully charged.
3. Check for leaks.
4. With mask on face close cylinder value and hold breath. Observe pressure if it does
fall more than set is not leak tight.
5. Check rubber part, o-rings and mask.
6. Clean mask with weak solution of teepol and dried out.
LIFE LINE SIGNALS
2 pull - more line
3 pulls - get me out
3 pulls from operator came out now
1 pulls (for bellow) more air.
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Water colour red
Foam colour cream
DCP colour blue
Co2 colour black
Halon colour green
Fire blanket colour red.
FIXED FIRE SYSTEMSCo2 for e/r and cargo holds.
Halon for e/r and cargo holds.
Water springle ferries and paint locker
SCBA PREPARATIONS1. Don the apparatus then adjust the harness for comfortable fit.
2. Open cylinder valve, put on mask and adjust to fit.

3. Inhale 2-3 times to ensure that the air is flowing freely from the demand valve and
that the exhalation valve is functioning correctly.
4. Hold breath and make certain that the demand valve is shutting of on exhalation or
that leakage if any is slight.
5. Close cylinder value and inhole until the air in the apparatus is exhausted. Listen for
the low level audiable alarm, and watch the pressure guage return to zero. The mask
should also crush onto the face indicating air tight fit.
6. Re open cylinder values.
FIREF find
I Inform
R Restrict
E Extinguish
Types of fire : A, B, C, D, E.
A Type:
By solid material carbonation, organic compounds. Eg. Wood, pulp, paper, textiles etc.
B type:
By liquids such as petroleum, oil, paint etc.
Extinguish medium: foam, AFFF foam, Co2, Halon, DCP.
C type:
Gaseous fire, LPG, LNG, Etc.
Extinguishing medium : DCP, Halon.
D type:
Metal fire eg: aluminium, sodium etc.
Extinguishing medium: water, foam, AFFF, DCP.
E type:
Electronic fires, it considered to be possible cause of fire, rather than a type. Fires
involving electricity will therefore because one of the previously mentioned classes of
fires, once the power is shut off.
Fire extinguishers:
500t 1 accm, s.space, c.station.
500t 1000t min 3 + 1 spare charge per ext.
1000t or over min 5.
For tankers
>2000t mobile foam appliance in pump room.
THE ANCHOR
Marking on the anchor:

a. A circle is to be marked is any conspicuous position on the anchor.

b. With in the circles two items of information appears.
c. The symbol x represents the serial number of the test certificate.
d. The symbol yyy represents the letters of the certifying authority.
Marking on crown and shanks anchor:
a. Markers name or initials.
b. Progressive number.
c. Weight of the anchor
d. Serial number of the test certificate
e. Letters of the certifying authority.
Tests on anchors:
1. Drop test
2. Bending test
3. Proof load.
Contents of anchor certificate:
1. Type of anchor
2. Weight in kg.
3. Weight in stock in kg.
4. Length of shank in mm, length of arm in mm.
5. Diameter of trend in mm
6. Proof load applied in tones.
7. Identification of proving house, official marks, and government mark.
8. Number of test certificate.
9. Number of tensile test machine.
10. Year of license.
11. Weight of the head of the anchor.
12. Number of date of drop test.
ANCHOR CABLE MARKING:
1. The markings are to appear on every shackle, at each end of the cable and every 30
mtr along its length.
2. Serial no. of test certificate.
3. The letters of certifying authorities.
PASSENGER SHIPS:
Alarms : manual alarm in accommodation spaces is control station continuously manned
at all times.

Crew alarm must be capable of independent operation.

Public address system in accommodation / service spaces.
Fire detection: all spaces fitted with automatic fire detection and alarm systems.
Springler system: in all part of ship may be fitted.
Fire control plan locations : one copy outside the deck home for shore side fire brigade.
Fire pump: each pump should supply the required 2 jets of water from the fire main
simultaneously from separate hydrants.
Pump requirements: 4000t or more 3 pumps.
Less than 4000t 2 pumps.
Pump position:
Fire in are space should not put all fire pumps out of action.
CHECK LIST FOR SEQ
1. Lifeboat
2. Lifeboat davits.
3. Life raft
4. Launching instructions both l/boat, l/raft.
5. Portable radio equipments.
6. Lifebuoys
7. Life jackets.
8. Pyrotechnics.
9. Emergency lighting and alarm systems.
10. Fire control plans and other posters.
11. Fire/smoke detecting systems.
12. Fire pump and emg fire pump.
13. Fire hoses, nozzle, is couplings.
14. Fixed fire fighting system, portable fire extinguisher.
15. Vents, doors, skylights, remote stops, switches etc.
16. Fire mans outfits, breathing apparatus, including scba.
17. Pilot ladders.
18. Navigation equipments, gmdss equipments.
19. Record / maintenance of safety equipments.
20. Official log book
Additional for tankers:
1. Fixed fire fighting equipments/systems of the cargo p/p room.
2. Deck foam and sprinkler system.
3. Inert gas system.

PREPARATIONS FOR ON BOARD SURVEYS

PREPARATION FOR A LOAD LINE SURVEY
1.

Check that all access openings at ends of enclosed structures are in good conditions. All dogs,
clamps and hinges to be free and well greased. All gaskets and water-tight seals should be crack free.
Ensure that the doors open from both sides

2.

Check all cargo hatches and access to holds for weather tightness

3.

Check the efficiency and securing of portable beams

4.

If portable wooden hatch covers are used check that they are in good condition

5.

If tarpaulins are used at least two should be provided for each hatch and in good condition

6.

Inspect all machinery space opening on exposed deck

7.

Check that any manholes and flush scuttles are capable of being made watertight

8.

Check that all ventilator openings are provided with efficient weathertight closing appliance

9.

All airpipe should be provided with satisfactory means for closing and opening

10.

Inspect any cargo ports below the freeboard deck and ensure that all of them are watertight

11.

Ensure that non return valves on overboard valves are operating in a satisfactory manner

12.

Side scuttles and openings below the freeboard deck must have efficient internal watertight
deadlights

13.

Check that all freeing ports are in satisfactory conditions

14.

All guard-rails and bulwarks should be satisfactory condition

15.

Derust and paint the deck line, loadline marks, load line and the draught marks

PREPARATION FOR A CARGO SHIP SAFETY EQUIPMENT SURVEY

1.

Inspect all the lifeboat stores and equipment. Overhaul and renew as necessary

2.

Inspect the lifeboats pay particular attention to buoyancy material and check that the bottom
boards and thwarts are not cracked. Repaint the ships name and port of registry

3.

Thoroughly over haul davits, winches and blocks and grease all moving parts. Renew or end for end
the falls

4.

When the boats are in water run any lifeboat engines both ahead and astern

5.

Check that the inflatable liferafts have been serviced within the last 12 months

6.

Inspect the survival craft portable radio equipment

7.

Over haul the lifebuoys especially the self ignighting lights and check that they are correctly located

8.

Examine the life jackets and check they are correctly distributed

9.

Check expiry dates of pyrotechnics

10.

Test the emergency lighting system

11.

Check fire control plans are posted and still legible

12.

Test the fire/smoke detection system

13.

Test and try out the fire pump including the emergency fire pump

14.

Check fire hoses, nozzles and applicators are in good conditions

15.

Test and overhaul the fixed firefighting system

16.

Overhaul portable and non portable fire extinguishers

17.

Confirm that all remote controls are operable

18.

Overhaul any applicable closing arrangement for ventilators, skylits, doors, funnel spaces and
tunnels

19.

Overhaul the firemans outfit and recharge the compressed air B.A

20.

Inspect the pilot ladders, pilot hoists if carried

21.

Navigational equipment is also surveyed

IMPORTANT CHAACTERISTICS OF A RADAR

1) VERTICAL BEAMWIDTH (VBW):

IT IS THE VERTICAL ANGLE AT THE SCANNER CONTAINED BETWEEN THE UPPER

&THE LOWER EDGES OF THE RADAR SETS BEAM.AS PER THE IMO STANDARDS THE RADAR SET
SHOULD FUNCTION IF THE VESSEL IS ROLLING OR PITCHING +_10 DEG WITHOUT DETERIOATION.
MARINE SETS HAVE A VBW OF 15-30 DEG.

2)

HORIZONTAL BEAM WIDTH (HBW):

IT IS THE HORIZONTAL ANGLE AT THE SCANNER CONTAINED BETWEEN THE LEADING & THE
TRAILING EDGE OF THE RADAR BEAM .IT CAUSES ALL THE TARGETS TO APPEAR LARGER IN
AZIMUTH BY AN AMOUNT EQUAL TO HLF THE HBW.

3)

PULSE LENGTH:

DUE TO THE PULSE LENGTH THE POINT OF THE PPI APPEARS TO HAVE A RADIAL DEPTH OF HALF PL
IN METERS.IT IS THE TIME INTERVAL BETWEEN THE TIME TAKEN BY THE PULSE TO LEAVE 5HE
LEADING AND THE TRAILING EGDES.

4)

PULSE REPITION FREQUENCY/(PRF):

IT IS THE NUMBER OF PULSES SET OUT THROUGH THE SCANNER IN ONE SECOND. IT
ISBETWEEN
500-4000.LONGER RANGES HAVE LOW PRF.SHORTER RANGES NEED HIGH PRF FOR
BETTER PICTURE RESOLUTION.

5)

WAVELENGTH:

AFTER RADAR ENERGY LEFT THE SCANNER THE PATH ENERGY &TRABEL ARE INFLUENCED BY
:1)ATTENUATION, 2)DIFFRACTION.

X BAND: 3CM WAVELENGTH.(9300-9500 MEGS)

S BAND :10 CMS WAVELENGTH.(2900-3100 MEGS)

3CM :GREATER ATTENUATION ,LESS DIFFERENCE ,GOOD FOR SHORT RANGES.
10 CM: LESS ATTENUATION, MORE DIFFERENCE,GOOD FOR LONGER RANGES.
LIMITATIONS OF RADAR SET.

1)RANGE DISCRIMINATION:
IT OIS THE ABILITY OF THE RADAR SET TO CLARLY DISTINGUISH TWO SMALL TARGETS ON THE SAME
BEARING AT SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT RANGES.
THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE TWO TARGETS IS EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN 1/.2 PL.

2)BEARING DISCRIMINATION :IT IS THE ABILITY OF THE RAAR SET TO CLEARLY EXTINGUISH TWO
TARGETS OF THE SAME RANGE AND SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT BEARINGS.FACTOR:HBW.

3)MINIMUM RANGE:

A) THE PULSE LENGTH :THE TR CIRCUIT PREVENTS THE TX OF ANY SIGNAL BEFORE RECEIVING
IT.HENCE,THE THEOROTICAL MINIMUM RANGE OF DETECTION IS REPEATED BY HALF PL IN
MINUTES.
A PL OF 0.2 MICRO WOULD HAVE ARANGE OF 30 MTRS.

B) DEIONISATION DELAY: A SMALL DELAY OCCURS IN THE TR CELL BETWEEN THE COMPLETION OF TX
&RECEIVING. A DELAY OF 0.5 MICROSECS.WOULD INCREASE THE MINIMUM RANGE A FURTHER BY
7.5 MTRS.

C)THE VBW +THE HEIGJHT OF THE SCANNER.

4)MAXIMUM RANGE:

A)HEIGTH OF THE SCANNER INCREASES THE SCANNER , THE INCREASE OF RANGE.

B) POWER OF THE SET ,MARINE RADAR SET TRANSMITS AROUUND 25 TO 60 KWTS.
C) WAVELENGTH

: 10 CMS HAVE EXTENDED RANGE AS COMPARED TO 3 CMS.

D) PULSE REPETION FREQUENCY:

E)

PULSE LENGTH: LONG PULSES ENSURES BETTER MAXIMUM RANGES THAN SHORTER PULSES CAUSE
,LONG PULSES HAVE MORE WAVELENGTH IN THEM.

F)

VBW/HBW:THE NARROWER THE BEAM WIDTH THE GREATER THE DIRECTIONAL

CONCENTRATION,INCREASES THE RANGE.

6)

ANOMALOUS PROPOGATION: SUPER REFRACTION CAUSES AN INCREASE IN MAXIMUM

DETECTION RANGE. THIS IS CAUSED DUE TO METEOROLOGICAL FACTORS LIKE TEMPERATURE
INVERSION.

RANGE ACCURACY: ACCORDING TO IMO PERFORMANCE STANDARDS THE ERROR IN THE RANGE OF
AN OBJECT SHOULD NOT BE MORE THAN 1.5% OF THE MAXIMUM RANGE SCALE IN USE OR 70 MTS
WHICHEVER IS THE GREATER.

BEARING ACCURACY: ACCORDING TO THE IMO PERFORMANCE STANDARDS THE OBJECT SHOULD BE
MEASURED WITH +_ 1 DEGREE OF ACCURACY.

THE FOLLOWING ARE THE MERITS/DEMERITS OF USING HEADS UP MODE / NORTH UP

MODE:

HEADS UP DISPLAY:

1)

PICTURE SMUDGES IN AZIMUTH DURING ALTERATION OF COURSE.

2)

BECAUSE OF SMUDGING ACCURATE BEARINGS CANNOT BE TAKEN AT THAT TIME.

3)

PLOTTING TENDS TO BE HIGHLY INACCURATE DURING SEVERE YAWS.

4)

ALL BEARINGS ARE RELATIVE.

5)

RADAR PICTURE IS HEAD UP WHILE CHART IS NORTH UP.

6)

AFTER LARGE ALTERATIONS OF COURSE THE OBSERVER TENDS TO GET DIS- ORIENTED WITH
PLOTTING AS ALL TARGETS HAVE SHIFTED.

7)

NO INDICATION ON THE SCREEN OF GYRO COURSE STEERED.TEMPORARY WANDERINGS MAY GO

UNDETECTED.

NORTH UP DISPLAY:

1)

PICTURE DOESNT SMUDGE IN AZIMUTH AND BEARINGS CAN BE TAKEN ACCURATELY.

2)

PLOTTING IS QUITE ACCURATE EVEN DURING HEAVY YAWS.

3)

ALL BEARINGS ARE TRUE.

4)

CHART AND PPI. BEING NORTH UP IT IS EASIER TO RELATE.

5)

THERE IS NO DISORIENTATION DUE TO ATERATION OF COURSE.

6)

HEADING MARKER INDICATES THE GYRO COURSE STEERED AT ALL TIMES.

DRAWING FORWARD: IT IS THE VESSELS RELATIVE POSITION APPROACHING THE SHIPS HEAD. IT
CAN ALSO DRAW AFT.
EG. IF THE RELATIVE BEARING OF THE TARGET CHANGES FROM 090 TO 085 THE TARGET IS SAID TO
BEAR FORWARD.

ASPECT: THE ASPECT OF THE VESSEL IS THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE VESSELS TRUE COURSE AND THAT
OF THE REVERSE BEARING TO THAT VESSEL. ASPECT IS EXPRESSED IN RED OR GREEN FROM 0180
DEG.
EG. ASPECT RED 90 MEANS THAT WE ARE ON THE VESSELS PORT BEAM.