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1
N BWbaseband
5 N 10
Vout
TRANSIENT
Tran
Tran1
StopTime=150.0 nsec
MaxTimeStep=1.0 nsec
ENVELOPE
VtRF_Pulse
SRC1
Freq=1 GHz
Vpeak=dbmtov(0,50)
OffRatio=0
Delay=0 nsec
Rise=10 nsec
Fall=10 nsec
Width=30 nsec
Period=80 nsec
R
R1
R=50 Ohm
Envelope
Env1
Freq[1]=1.0 GHz
Order[1]=3
Stop=150 nsec
Step=1 nsec
F. Kung
May 2004
In Figure 1, Freq[1] is the fundamental frequency when carrying out the HB analysis
at each time step. There is only one sinusoidal source in this example. If there is
another sinusoidal source then we have to include another parameter Freq[2]. The
Order[1] = 3 tells the simulator to consider up to 3 rd harmonic for Freq[1] during HB
simulation. When more than one sinusoidal sources are present, we also have to set
the MaxOrder parameter, in the CE simulation control.
We carry out two simulations, one using Transient Simulation and the other using CE
simulation. This is aimed to illustrate that the two will give similar results if the
parameter Step in CE simulator control is properly set. The CE simulation has the
advantage of giving the envelope of the modulating signal too.
800
600
Vout, mV
400
200
0
-200
-400
-600
-800
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
time, nsec
F. Kung
May 2004
what(Vout)
Dependency : [time,freq]
Num. Points : [151, 4 ]
Matrix Size : scalar
Type
: Complex
Figure 3 - Using the what function to understand the structure of data Vout.
To look at the time domain waveform of V out, we use the ts function, this stands for
time series. As seen in Figure 3 that provided the parameter step is sufficiently small,
the time series waveform for Vout from CE simulation is almost identical from the
waveform obtained using Transient Simulation.
800
600
ts(Vout), mV
400
200
0
-200
-400
-600
-800
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
time, nsec
F. Kung
May 2004
In order to observe the envelope of Vout, we use indexing technique to extract the
envelope. Vout[::,1] means we are looking at the magnitude of the fundamental
components (:: is the wildcard character in ADS, it means all). As seen in Figure 4 the
fundamental component amplitude increase and decrease with time, thus V out[::,1] is as
shown in Figure 5.
0.7
0.6
mag(Vout[::,1])
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
time, nsec
F. Kung
May 2004
1.0E-300
Vout[::,2]
5.0E-301
0.0
-5.0E-301
-1.0E-300
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
time, nsec
0.8
0.7
Vout[30,::]
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
freq, GHz
F. Kung
May 2004
0.8
0.7
Vout[60,::]
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
freq, GHz
F. Kung
May 2004