High Density Concrete

High Density=Heavyweight
Density should be more than 2600 kg/m3
Dens CRETE
Offers more strength
Can be used everywhere, in all construction practices
Resistant to extreme weather

Main Components:
Cement
--- Provides limited strength
--- Not that useful in high density concrete
--- Used as binding material

Water
Aggregates

Admixtures

Natural Aggregates
Aggregates

are obtained from iron ores

Large amount of iron content

Varying densities so variety of high density concrete can be produced

Types:
1.

2.

4.

3.

Man-made (Synthetic) Aggregates:

Iron Shots

Chilcon

Synthetic
Aggregates

Fergran

Lead Shots

Admixture:
Water reducing admixture is used
Consists Lignosulfonic acid, carboxylic acids
Use of Water reducing admixture in high density concrete
Increase workability
Reduces water requirement
Reduces cement content requirement
High early strength

Application:
High density radiation shielding
Precast blocks
Mass concrete projects
High density concrete applications columns
Gravity seawall, coastal protection & breakwater
structures
Bridge counterweights
Ballast for ocean vessels
Off shore platforms noise and vibration dampening

Advantages:
High neutron and gamma ray attenuation
Good mechanical properties
Relatively low initial and maintenance cost
Easy to construct

Disadvantages:
Space
Weight

Production:

High Strength Concrete:

Using Type I Portland cement, gravel or crushed limestone coarse

aggregate, sand from a local deposit, and for some mixes a waterreducing retarding admixture.

Water-cement ratios ranged from 0.70 to 0.32

Concrete strength of 90-120 MPa
Uniaxial compressive strengths ranged from about 21 to 76 MPa.
Pertaining to compressive strength, strength gain with age, specimen
size effect, effects of drying, stress-strain curves, static modulus of
elasticity, Poissons ratio, modulus of ruptuie, and split cylinder strength.

Has to take care about mix proportioning, shape of aggregates, use of

supplementary cementitious materials, silica fume and super
plasticizers.

Special methods of making high strength concrete

Seeding: This involves adding a small percentage of finely ground, fully
hydrated Portland cement to the fresh concrete mix.
This method may not hold much promise.
Revibration: Controlled revibration removes all the defects like
bleeding, water accumulates , plastic shrinkage, continuous capillary
channels and increases the strength of concrete.
High speed slurry mixing: This process involves the advance
preparation of cement - water mixture which is then blended with
aggregate to produce concrete.

Use of admixtures: Use of water reducing agents are known to

produce increased compressive strength.

 Inhibition of cracks: If the propagation of cracks is inhibited, the

strength will be higher.
Concrete cubes made this way have yielded strength up to 105MPa.

Sulphur Impregnation: Satisfactory high strength concrete have

been produced by impregnating low strength porous concrete by
sulphur.
The sulphur infiltrated concrete has given strength up to 58MPa.

Use of Cementitious aggregates: Cement fondu is kind of clinker.

Using Alag as aggregate, strength up to 25MPa has been obtained with
water cement ratio 0.32.

Fire resistance of High Strength Concrete:

Strength-weight ratio becomes comparable

to steel:
Strength-Weight Ratio

45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Structural steel

Concrete

High strength
concrete

Lightweight HSC

High-strength concrete is often used in bridges

HIGH PERFOMANCE CONCRETE:

A high performance concrete is a concrete in which certain
characteristics are developed for a particular application and
environments:

Ease of placement
Compaction without segregation
Early-age strength
Long term mechanical properties
Permeability
Durability
Heat of hydration
Toughness
Volume stability
Long life in severe environments
High resistance to frost and deicer scaling damage

Toughness and impact resistance

Volume stability

High-performance concrete is often used in

bridges and tall buildings

Materials Used in High-Performance Concrete

Material

Primary contribution/Desired property

Portland cement

Cementing material/durability

Blended cement

Cementing material/durability/high strength

Fly ash

Cementing material/durability/high strength

Slag

Cementing material/durability/high strength

Silica fume

Cementing material/durability/high strength

Calcined clay

Cementing material/durability/high strength

Metakaolin

Cementing material/durability/high strength

Calcined shale

Cementing material/durability/high strength

Super plasticizers

Flow ability

High-range water reducers

Reduce water to cement ratio

Hydration control admixtures

Control setting

Retarders

Control setting

Accelerators

Accelerate setting

Corrosion inhibitors

Control steel corrosion

Water reducers

Reduce cement and water content

Shrinkage reducers

Reduce shrinkage

ASR inhibitors

Control alkali-silica reactivity

Polymer/latex modifiers

Durability

Optimally graded aggregate

Improve workability and reduce paste

The required durability characteristics are governed by

the application of concrete and by conditions expected to
be encountered at the time of placement. These
characteristics should be listed.
Environment

Environment

Concrete
Impact
Resistance
Durable
Concrete
(HPC)

Deterioration

Concrete

REFERANCE:
Publication:Journal Proceedings Author(s):Ramon L. Carrasquilio, Arthur H. Nilson,
and Floyd 0. Slate
CSTR49: Design guidance for high strength concrete, Concrete Society Technical
Report No. 49, The Concrete Society, 1998
CEB-FIP Model code for concrete structures, 1990. Comit Euro-International du
Beton. Thomas Telford, London, 1993. Bulletin dInformation No. 213/214. 437 pp.
BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS 8110 Structural use of concrete Part 3:
1985. Design charts for singly reinforced beams, doubly reinforced beams and
rectangular columns. 112 pp.
BS EN 1992-1-1:2004 Eurocode 2. Design of concrete structures. General rules and
rules for buildings
A tcin, P.-C., High-Performance Concrete, Modern Concrete Technology 5, E & FN
Spon, London, 1998
ASCE, High-Performance Construction Materials and Systems, Technical Report 935011, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, April 1993.
Farny, James A., and Panarese, William C., High-Strength Concrete,EB114, Portland
Cement Association, 1994
Perry, V., Industrialization of Ultra-High Performance Ductile Concrete, Symposium
on High-Strength/High-Performance Concrete, University of Calgary, Alberta,
November 1998.