A STUDY ON OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER CONSUMPTION

AND APPLICATION OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY AT

M/s IEC DOW CHEMICAL INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LIMITED

MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Submitted
By
GOPINATH. J
Regn. No.

A
PROJECT REPORT
ON

A STUDY ON OPTIMIZATION OF ELECTRICAL POWER CONSUMPTION

AND APPLICATION OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY AT
M/s IEC DOW CHEMICAL INTERNATIONAL PRIVATE LIMITED

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

SUBMITTED
BY

GOPINATH. J
Regn. No.

ABSTRACT

In order to bring in a principal combination of efficiency and effectiveness in

the right place and at the right time Facility Management at M/s IEC recognize a
need for a tool to optimize its electrical power consumption to improve its
operational efficiency and an effective power management strategy application of
green technology in its site. Optimizing power consumption and the application of
Green Technology is a facility management strategy that helps businesses does
both making money and saving the planet. When we conserve energy
resources, our nation can enjoy cleaner air and a healthier environment, and we
can help protect the climate.

Building Green Buildings or energy-efficient

buildings will not only save your money, allowing us to provide more healthy,
comfortable and sustainable future.

I Gopinath J conducted an exploratory study entitled A study on

optimization of electrical power consumption and

application of green

technology at M/s IEC Dow chemical international private limited entailing

fine-grained methodologies in the form of evaluation of various technologies for
adoption and evaluation of various factors that leads to higher power
consumption, reducing primary energy consumption from HVAC system and to
determine a system for M/s IEC that optimize power consumption, through an
analysis of intensive case studies and through our experience in other projects
that are well suited for this type of projects, that can address questions about the
process, context, and customization of change strategies that lead to sustainable
performance (Pettigrew et al., 2001).
3

The paper systematically classifies the published literature using different

techniques, and also identifies the possible gaps.

The paper outlines important techniques used in various maintenance

optimization models including the Brain Stroming technique to find out why power
consumption is more at IEC, Rating system to evaluate the root cause, Fish bone
diagram. There is an emerging trend towards uses of Why Why analysis of
selection of probable root causes and them narrow down the probable root cause
to a few.. This study classifies the literature on electrical consumption
optimization models and based on emerging trends it outlines the directions for
future research in the area of similar Facilities Management.Services.
The current study aims at filling this gap through an analysis of
comprehensive electrical power consumption optimization system for M/s IEC.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER

TOPICS
ABSTRACT

PAGE NO.

INTRODUCTION
Research Background
Introduction to the Industry
Company Profile

II

LITERATURE REVIEW
Need for an Energy Saving Model
Concepts and Indicators
Building Energy Management System
Breaking the myth that the green always costs more

III

OBJECTIVE, SCOPE & LIMITATIONS

15

Objective of the study

Scope of the study
Limitation of the study

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

18

IV

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

VI

Research design
Methods of data collection
22

Advantages & Disadvantages of JIT in Indian

Automotive Industry Context
Identified Attributes of JIT Purchasing System

CONCLUSIONS
Findings
Suggestions
Conclusion

41

BIBLIOGRAPHY

45

RESEARCH BACKGROUND
Traditionally, energy has been viewed as a cost, a bill to be paid and an
expense to be controlled. Those who are ready for the future, however have
matured into a new perspective towards energy and are shifting their operations,
to capitalize on the full value of energy as a "raw material", a resource that can
be applied to grow and sustain their business into the future. Among the different
challenges faced by facilities managers, inefficient energy consumption of
buildings, and a need for application of green technology for a Green & Clean
Building are the todays two major challenges. Optimizing power consumption
and the application of Green Technology is a facility management strategy that
helps businesses does both making money and saving the planet. When we
conserve energy resources, our nation can enjoy cleaner air and a healthier
environment, and we can help protect the climate. Building Green Buildings or
energy-efficient buildings will not only save your money, allowing us to provide
more healthy, comfortable and sustainable future.

Literatures show optimization of power consumption and application of Green

Technology is that innovation which reduces waste by changing patterns of
consumption and/or production and. It is also defined as environmental healing
technology, which reduces environmental damages created by the products and
technologies for peoples' conveniences. Most of the businesses may not be very
excited to go green by reducing the consumption and emissions since their
motto is to make money not to save the planet. The global strategy should be to
help businesses do both.
6

Energy use of buildings presents 50% of the total primary energy

consumption in India. Often, this energy is consumed inefficiently. By addressing
cause-and effect relationships; most of the problems predominantly arise from
the building technical operation and management. A study of 132 commercial
buildings has found that 60% of the buildings have control problems. Savings of
up to 77 % have been achieved by correction of control problems. This
demonstrates that solving control related problems contributes significantly in
primary energy savings.
M/s IEC identified an opportunity that present Electrical Power Consumption
can be reduced by at least 7% by leveraging similar power saving project
experience, Moreover this project will lead further similar studies at other M/s
DOW various other locations globally.

INTRODUCTION TO THE INDUSTRY

Facility Management (FM) services imply the use of a third-party service
provider to maintain part of the building facility or outsourcing the management of
entire facilities to an organization that executes this service professionally. It
includes hard services or building operation and maintenance and soft services
or support services, and energy management services. Hard services include
electrical, electro-mechanical, mechanical; water management and energy
management. Soft services include housekeeping, security, cleaning, catering,
transportation, horticulture, landscaping, and front office management, etc. In
developed markets, FM services are closely integrated with other services such
as rent collection and lease management. However in India, the concept of FM
has not matured enough to provide complete property management solutions.
Increase in investments in IT/ITeS/BPO, finance/banking, telecom, retail/malls,
and industrial sectors will continue to witness strong growth in the next 2-3 years
and due to the expected influx of major global Multinational Companies (MNC) in
India across various end-user verticals.

FM market revenues in India are higher than other nations such as Singapore
that are smaller in geography. But, in terms of market maturity and understanding
and accepting of such services by end users, India has a long way to go. The
market for outsourced FM services in India was estimated to be USD 850 million
in 2014. About 54.9 percent of the overall market was for soft services and 45.1
percent for hard services in 2010. The market for soft services comprises a large
8

cluster of companies that provide single services and specialize in services such
as catering and pantry, cleaning and housekeeping, security and others. The
market for hard services has high prominence in the IT sector as it outsource the
work to professionalized and well-equipped service providers. Cleaning and
Housekeeping services contribute a higher percentage of the market followed by
maintenance and engineering services and finally security services and others.
The commercial sector witnessed the highest percentage share of the overall
FM services market. The commercial sector is maturing, providing huge potential
among other sectors such as telecom, retail and industrial as Global MNCs such
as Accenture, Nokia, Cisco, Microsoft, and others demand outsourced FM
services in India. Presence of global and Indian MNCs is the major driver for the
growth of this market across various end-user sectors as they are the potential
customers due to their increased awareness levels and willingness to invest in
such services. outsourced services coupled with the investment boom in real
estate and construction sectors. Growth of this market is driven by the need for
safety, comfort, and healthy environment of the employees as well as the
increase in awareness about outsourced services among customers. The market
sustained the situation and improved its penetration largely through existing
contracts although the economy witnessed slowdown in the last 2-3 years.
Therefore, it is observed that the current economic situation prevailing in the US
and Euro zone will not have much impact on the growth of this market. Indias
growth is expected to be intact with a GDP growth rate of 7.5-7.9 percent in the
coming years due to the current economic scenario and its long term implication
on the emerging countries.

INDUSTRY CHALLENGES
9

Lack of availability of technical and non-technical manpower is one of the

biggest challenges the industry is facing currently. The lack of qualified staff has
increased the lead times in mobilizing resources/staff after a project has been
successfully contracted. Increase in inflation and labor cost have forced many
customers to replace long-term contracts with medium-term ones. Many
customers find it easier to maintain medium- and short-term contracts rather than
long-term ones as the latter will lead to price rise.
The next big factor posing as a deterrent is competition. Since the market is
riddled with low cost unorganized service providers, pricing and margins come
under pressure as these unorganized players provide services at low rates,
essentially scuttling the competition from large organized players. However, many
international property management companies have entered into this market and
achieved phenomenal growth rates over the last five years.

Green Technology
In general, the technologies and related services in the green sector can be
grouped into the following categories:

Energy

Renewable and alternative energy production

Energy conservation
Energy storage

Water

Water conservation
Water recycling
Production of water from alternative sources, such as desalination
10

Environmental and Pollution Devices and Services

Waste management, disposal and recycling

Toxic waste elimination, remediation
Emission control
Inspection, engineering, testing and consulting
Product and systems design and re-engineering

Engineering, Architecture and Design

Product Design
Industrial Process Improvement
Factory Automation
Packaging
Heating and Air conditioning Efficiencies
Lighting Efficiencies

Other Resources

plastics

Recycling and conservation of metals, woods, paper, chemicals and

Conservation of land, waterways and wildlife habitat

Primary industry sectors targeted for the application of green technologies

include:

Agriculture
Food processing and distribution
Oil and gas
Manufacturing and other industrial processes
Transportation, logistics and shipping
Automobiles and trucks
11

Construction, building operation and building maintenance

Power generation and distribution
Water systems
Retailing
Supply chains

Green technology affects these sectors in a wide variety of ways. For

example, the broad field of energy continues to produce transportation fuel and
electricity in a largely traditional manner (from natural gas, coal and petroleum).
At the same time, however, a very significant effort within the energy sector is
focused on conservation and efficiency as well as the development of renewable
energy sources. In fact, throughout the green technology field, conservation is
where the low-hanging fruit lies. The easiest green solutions will be in better
insulation in buildings; lighter materials
in cars, trucks and airplanes; reduction of todays massive leaks in municipal
water systems; and better storage, in the emerging world, of agricultural products
in order to reduce spoilage.
Simply making efficiency, in materials and energy usage, a consideration in
engineering and design of all types is already having a dramatic effect on
sustainability. For example, Wal-Mart, the worlds largest retailer by far, set a goal
for its suppliers to reduce packaging on average by 5% from 2008 to 2013. At
first glance, this may not sound like much, but the fact is that the amount of
packaged products that flow through Wal-Mart in a given year, with its $476
billion+ in annual revenues, is so massive that 5% will add up to a tremendous
amount.
As part of this process, the company has created a sustainable packaging
scorecard for more than 627,000 items that are sold in its stores and Sams
Clubs. The scorecard evaluates the environmental attributes of packaging, and
12

enables its suppliers to measure whether or not their packaging reduces energy
consumption, cuts waste and fosters sustainability. The company even has an
annual Sustainable Packaging Expo where its suppliers can meet with leading
packaging manufacturers and designers to learn about the latest technologies
and innovations. Long term, Wal-Mart has set a goal of being packaging-neutral
by 2025. That is, the company plans to be recycling packaging and waste to the
extent that it uses no more packaging materials than it creates. By 2013, the
company was already 80% effective.

Company Profile

LITERATURE REVIEW
13

 NEED FOR AN ENERGY SAVING MODEL

CONCEPTS & INDICATORS
BUILDING ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
BREAKING THE MYTH THAT GREEN ALWAYS
COSTS MORE

NEED FOR AN ENERGY SAVING PROGRAM MODEL

Appropriate energy use and management are the first steps to true savings
and to creating an effective energy savings plan. The methodology shown in
Figure can be used to establish this type of plan. This methodology seeks to
create a virtuous cycle of constant improvement that helps establish minimum
efficiency parameters within a company.
The purpose of this methodology is to have a tool to elaborate a work plan
that outlines a useful and applicable energy savings program. As with any
framework methodology, certain measures must be available to monitor progress,
including concepts and indicators that help guide the company and allow it to
understand its health in terms of energy consumption.

14

However, it is necessary to follow a sequential framework to establish an

action plan. The following simple and structured methodology can be used as a
model to build a concrete work plan.

Stage1:Agreements
on Company Energy
Savings

Stage4: Evaluation of
Proposed Plan

Regulator
y
Committe
e

Stage2: Study on
Companys Energy
Use

Stage3: Programs to
Manage Energy
Savings

The previous diagram tries to establish a baseline for an entire company;

however, it is necessary to add standard measurements and concepts. There are
factors and indicators that can be used as tools to measure certain important
parameters in terms of energy use, generation and consumption. Certain
practical knowledge is needed to determine operational efficiency.
Some basic indicators, such as demand factors, production factors and
maximum demand, among others, offer a clear panorama of a companys energy
health. In addition, they indicate which areas need improvement in order to reach
certain energy savings. This is applicable to both offices and industries.

Concepts and indicators

15

Power factor
If the industry is large enough, it may be penalized by its power factor (pf).
This factor is basically an indicator of electrical efficiency or the electricity that is
used. For example, an electric stove or incandescent light bulb has a pf of 1. In
any other appliance, the electrical charges power is not completely used, since
the current passes through and is not used 100% due to normal losses caused
by the appliance.
The power factor for an industry should equal approximately 0.9. Any number
below that will be penalized on the monthly bill, at least in the case of Costa Rica.
What does a power factor lower than 0.9 imply? Seen from the consumers point
of view, it means an increase in electricity consumption, strong drops in
conductor tension, a reduction in the useful life of appliances and appliance
imbalances.
On the other hand, from the perspective of the electricity distributor, a low
power factor means greater investment in electrical generation equipment
because KVA (kilovolt amperes) capacity is affected.5 In addition, the distributor
has to use lines and transformers with greater capacity, increasing energy loss
and associated costs.
Electric current
Electrical energy flow, or electric current, is measured in amperes (A). To
generate an electric current through a cable, there must be a difference of
tension or voltage between the two ends, which is expressed in volts (V). Water
and electricity have very similar behaviors in terms of flows. As an analogy, if a
person wants water to move through a tube, there must be different pressures
between the two ends of the tube. This same principle applies to electricity.

16

By creating a great difference in tension, large amounts of electricity or

power can be transported per second using transmission lines or cables.
Electric power is measured in watts (W), and equals the voltage multiplied by the
amperage.
Power = V x A.
Two types of electric currents can be produced by electrical generators:
Direct current (DC): energy travels or is transported in only one direction, from
positive to negative. Direct current is used in lowcapacity systems, for example,
batteries, cell phone batteries and lowtension photovoltaic systems.
Alternating current (AC): this current continuously alternates direction in a
cyclical wave pattern, causing a sinusoidal voltage wave with both positive and
negative peaks. The numbers of cycles per second is the frequency and is
expressed in hertz (Hz). An electrical grid normally has a frequency of 50 Hz
(Europe) or 60 Hz (Continental America). This type of current is used in large,
hightension systems, such as electrical stations, and is sent through the
electrical grid to houses and productive centers. One of the reasons why
alternating currents are used is because it is cheaper to increase or decrease its
voltage, and less energy is lost using hightension systems to transport energy
over long distances.
Generally, watts per hour are used to express the amount of electrical energy
used (or Wh). One watt/hour is equivalent to the amount of converted energy
during one hour for an appliance with 1 watt of power. Energy consumption is
also regularly expressed in kilowatts per hour (kWh).
Wh= V*Ah
where V is the general system tension or voltage.

17

Capacity factor
Capacity factor is used as an indicator to measure the productivity of an
electrical generation of any utility for example, a hydroelectric, biomass, wind or
solar system, among others. This indicator is the comparison of real production
during a given amount of time with the amount of energy produced theoretically, if
the plant had been producing at 100% capacity during that timeframe. See the
following formula.
Real production
Capacity factor =

--------------------------------- x 100
Theoretical Production

Consider the following example: a system of 1 kW could theoretically

generate 8,760 kWh in one year. This calculation was made using:

Energy= power x time.

Therefore, the energy generated would be 1kW x 24 hours/day x 365
days = 8,760kWh

It is important to note that an electrical generation plant cannot operate 100%

of the time, due to maintenance and system and equipment technical failures,
among other reasons. Continuing with the previous example, if this plants real
annual production was 5,000 kWh, then its capacity factor would be:
5,000
r capacity factor = ------------- x 100 = 57%
8760

18

This is a good capacity factor. A good factor is usually one equaling 6070%,
even reaching more than 70% in exceptional cases, depending on the industry
and business.

Maximum demand
Maximum demand is representative of a period of time and has to do with
electrical charges, from motors, compressors, lighting and refrigeration
equipment, among others, that are in use during that timeframe. In other words,
demand is the specific value in time for energy consumption of determined
charges, measured in power units called kilowatts (kW).
Peaks of maximum demand can be controlled. One way to do so is to avoid
using electrical charges within the building at the same time. Another way is to
schedule sections of production when the cost per kW is lower, for example, at
night. Companies can also scale the timing when equipment is turned on and off.
This can be scheduled to incorporate preventive maintenance and offers two
benefits. First, it avoids dead time and expenses in production due to
maintenance issues. With good maintenance, the availability of equipment can
increase by up to 90%. The second benefit comes from decreasing excessive
energy use from unnecessary equipment in a factory.

Production schedules, an easy tool to use.

There are several simple and lowcost tools that we can implement to save
energy without making a huge investment. One is knowing the different rates for
kWh, depending on the schedule, region or country. Peak consumption hours are
times when electrical energy demand is high. Scheduling scaled production
based on consumption hours and changing the times that people start work
during the year, can result in savings of up to 20% in each monthly electricity bill.
19

Demand factors
This is the relationship between electrical systems maximum demand and
the total charge connected at a specific time. This can be expressed using the
following:
Maximum demand
Demand factor =

--------------------------------Total potential charge

This factor provides a panorama of the percentage of real demand at a factory

or building.

Building Energy Management Systems

Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) is one of the best known
solutions in improving building operation. The BEMS are can be applied to the
control of active systems, i.e. heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC)
systems, while also determining their operating times . Although using BEMS has
proved that it is one of the effective ways for building operation, it is still restricted
to simple data measuring and metering for heating and cooling on a monthly
basis. Furthermore, this method allows only for detection of high energy
consumption without detecting the main reasons for faults in the system
especially in complex systems such as the HVAC.

Simulation-based control is a technology in next-generation building systems

where it can assist in more efficient operation for the Building Energy
Management systems. Moreover, it has the ability for fault detection and
diagnosis. This requires creating a calibrated model that acts almost as the real
building. The current researches revolve around control optimization using either
20

forward model or data-driven model. Most of the researches adopted the data
driven model for solving heating, ventilation and cooling problems which was
successful for controlling some parts but it did not take into consideration the
physical interactions of the whole building system .

Breaking the Myth that Green Always Costs More

While many green materials and technologies do cost more, it has been
demonstrated that many green strategies and technologies actually cost the
same and some even cost less than traditional not-so-green technologies. By
blending the right mix of green technologies that cost less with green
technologies that cost the same or slightly more, it is possible to have a very
green building project that costs the same as a conventional one. Often the key
to a cost effective green building and site design lies within the interrelationships
and associated cost and performance trade-offs that exist between different
building systems. For example, the use of high performance windows and
window frames increases the first cost of the building envelope, however the
resulting reduction in the size and cost of the buildings heating and cooling
system more than offsets the added cost of the better glazing system. The result
is a building that has a comparable or perhaps even a lower first cost, a higher
comfort level, lower energy use, and lower energy bills and operating cost for the
life of the building. There are many living examples of cost effective green
building in Chennai.

21

CHAPTER III

OBJECTIVES, SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

OBJECTIVIES OF THE STUDY

SCOPE OF THE STUDY
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

22

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

A system for optimizing Electrical Power Consumption at M/s IEC

Reducing present Electrical Power consumption by at least 7%,
Reducing primary energy consumption from HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, Air-

condition) system
Reviewing the challenges and available options for the application of Green
Technology

23

SCOPE OF THE STUDY:

The scope of the study A study on optimization of electrical power
consumption and application of green technology at M/s IEC Dow chemical
international private limited is in finding out the root cause and the attributes to
be considered in optimizing the present electrical power consumption and to find
out the attributes for application of Green Technology which has significant
impact on the performance of Facilities Management at M/s IEC

This study is concerned in finding various causes of high electricity power

consumption, reducing primary energy consumption from a HVAC system at M/s
IEC, the attributes for optimizing the power consumption and implementation of
Green Technology.
This study was conducted by surveying various similar projects, reports,
materials, surveys and books related to the topic, and by interviewing few experts
on the subject in my organization.

24

LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

A good project report describes and explains the results derived at through the
study. As a result, whichever limitation occurs in the study, also creep into the
project and become the limitations of the report. In Short, it can be said that a
study is as precise as the limitations of its study. Every assignment has its own
limitations and so did by me. I have listed a few of the limitations of my studies
below:

1. The study was limited to attributes identified at M/s IEC may not be applied
by other companies for reducing its power consumption equally.
2. Timing of the study may be a factor, results based on attributes related to
the period of study
3. The time period of the study being only few weeks, it was not possible to
conduct a highly in-depth and detailed study, which in turn might affect the
findings.
4. Different people have different thought process and different attitudes. As
a result, opinion of experts may differ. Therefore, the results derived from
this study differs when apply at other context.

25

CHAPTER IV
METHODOLOGY

26

Research Design
A research design in the specification of methods and procedures for acquiring
the needed information it is the over all operational pattern of frame work of the
project that stipulates what information is to be collected from which sources by
what procedures
To test the reliability, of the power consumption optimization solution and to
define a key principles, technology and strategies for application of green technology
a combination of qualitative quantitative approach was followed in this study. The
proposed solution will help the facility managers at M/s IEC. Where it gives a
guideline for detecting high energy consumption problems faced in office buildings
and operational cycle. Nevertheless, it clarifies the procedure and the variables that
should be considered during the process, thus an accurate model behaves almost as
the real building could be created. The proposed framework consists of five layers

An investigation layer,

Validation layer,

Analysis layer,

optimization layer and finally

communication layer.

The first layer revolves around doing investigations where at this stage all the
relevant data to address all the power consuming equipment and building behavior
should be gathered. Therefore, power metering were installed to cover all
equipment. The second layer considered as representation for the building under
27

consideration, thus it should be calibrated to reach the best fit between the model
and real data measured. The third layer is analysis of problems occurred in
equipment, its position in the building and its relation to the current heating control
configuration. The fourth layer is optimization layer, at this stage operational control
and the equipment control alternative possibilities are generated and evaluated.

4 DATA FOR THE STUDY

Data collected for 24 days during the month of March which is neither too cold or
too hot climate, the temperature during the period reflects the average
temperature of the city. Remenyi et al (1998) asserts that probability sampling is
the domain of the positivist, whilst non-probability sampling is that of the
phenomenologist.

This

project

has

phenomenologist

underpinnings

and

probability sampling would not be appropriate, therefore. Nonprobability data

sampling method has been selected for this project. This selection was based on
Rubin and Babbies (1997) advice that knowledge of the population (organisation)
is important when embarking on the use of such sampling method. The study
relied on previous similar projects performed

Primary Data for the Study:

Performance Measure: Measuring the current performance of Electrical Power
Consuming equipment within M/s IEC in Kwh
Operation Definition: Every normal working day power consumption at M/s IEC
Data Source & Location: Readings from TNEB reading meter and Base Builder
data
Sample Size: 24
Measurement System: Total power consumption figure is summation of Power
consumption taken from TNEB Reading from 6 Nos Kwh meter reading within
IEC premises ) & Power consumption towards chilled water usage .(Data
furnished by Base builder.)
28

TOOLS FOR MEASURING DATA

Total power Consumption Except power consumption due to Chilled water usage
TNEB (Tamilnadu Electricity Board statutory authoritys meter to measure
Power consumption reading from KWH meters (Energy meter ) installed at the
IEC Facility) furnishes IEC consumption data.
Power Consumption for Chilled water usage: Base builder furnishes IEC power
consumption towards chilled water Consumption usage based on dedicated BTU
meter reading .
Daily total consumption is furnished by CBRE based on chilled water use &
TNEB tariff .

Secondary Data for the Study:

Secondary data source incudes previous similar experience and projects done for
other sites. Interview & Consultation from supervisors, Data from Books, Journals
and various websites.

Analysis and presentation of results

After consultation with Seniors to determine all possible root causes of electrical power
consumption and to discuss the green option principles and technologies. 35 root causes
are short listed for root cause evaluation then a ranking system to evaluate the root cause
are determined and ranked, highly scored root causes are taken for WHY WHY
analysis to find out the ultimate root cause. At the End of Why Why analysis ,the total 5
Probable root causes have been narrow down to 3 probable root causes, which are
ultimate root causes of unnecessary power consumption.
After determining the ultimate root causes of power consumption, for sustainable
development and principles for maintaining the site green were defined.

29

CHAPTER V
ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

30

Various root causes analysed for the study to be presented here and how they are
deduced to 3 ultimate root cause
How 7% reduction in consumption charges to be exlplained

31

32

CHAPTER VI
CONCLUSIONS

Findings
Suggestions
Conclusion

33

Findings:
The following are the 3 ultimate root causes of unnecessary electrical power
consumption at M/s IEC

VFD not used, therefore all floors supplied with surplus air

Lighting in conference room & workstation not turn off when not
required

Energy saving practice not enforced.

These three ultimate root causes are deduced from 5 probable root causes
determined after why analysis they are

VFD is not used in AHUs

Conference room lighting not trun off

Woorkstation lights not turn off

Each floor is supplied with same quantity of conditioned air irrespective of

occupants

Importance of energy saving is not insisted to employees like safety

34

Principles, Key strategies and Technologies recommended for making M/s

IEC building a Green Building

Key Principles:

Minimize adverse impacts on the environment (air, water, land, natural

resources) through optimized building siting, optimized building re-design,
material selection, and aggressive use of energy conservation measure .
Building performance should exceed minimum International Energy Code
(IEC) compliance level by 30 to 40% or more.
Maximize the use of renewable energy and other low impact energy sources.

Key Strategies and Technologies:

Optimize passive solar orientation, building massing and use of external

shading devices such that the design of the building minimizes undesirable
solar gains during the summer months while maximizing desirable solar gains

during winter months.

Optimize building orientation, massing, shape, design, and interior colors and

finishes in order to
maximize the use of controlled natural day lighting which significantly reduces
artificial lighting energy use thereby reducing the buildings internal cooling

load and energy use. Consider the use of light shelf technology.
Use of high performance low-e glazing, can result in significant year round

energy savings.
Use of Insulated double glazing, triple glazing or double pane glazing with a

suspended low-e film.

Selective coatings offer optimal light transmittance while providing minimal
solar gain and minimal heat transmission.

35

Window frames, sashes and curtain wall systems should also be designed
foroptimum energy performance including the use of multiple thermal breaks

to help reduce energy use.

Optimize the value of exterior insulation and the overall thermal performance

of the exterior envelope assembly.

Consider advanced/high performance envelope building systems such as
structural insulated panel systems (SIPS) and insulated concrete form
systems (ICFs) that can be applied to light commercial and institutional

buildings.
SIPS and ICFs and other thermally decoupled envelope systems will offer

the highest energy performance.

Use energy efficient T-8 and T-5 bulbs, high efficiency electronic ballasts, and

lighting controls.
Consider using indirect ambient lighting with workstation based direct task
lighting to improve light quality, reduce glare and improve overall energy
performance in general office areas. Incorporate sensors and controls and
design circuits so that lighting along perimeter zones and offices can be
switched off independently from other interior lights when day lighting is

sufficient in perimeter areas.

Use state-of-the art, high efficiency, heating, ventilation and air conditioning
(HVAC) and plumbing equipment, chillers, boilers, and water heaters, etc. Use

variable speed drives on fan and pump motors.

Use heat recovery ventilators and geothermal heat pump technology for up to

40% energy savings.

Avoid the use of HCFC and Halon based refrigeration, cooling and fire

suppression systems. Optimize

the use of natural ventilation and where practical use evaporative cooling,

waste heat and/or solar

regenerated desiccant dehumidification or absorption cooling. Identify and use
sources of waste energy.

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 Use Energy Star certified energy efficient appliances, office equipment,

lighting and HVAC systems.
Consider on-site small-scale wind, solar, and/or fuel cell based energy

generation and co-generation.

Purchase environmentally preferable green power from certified renewable
and sustainable sources.

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Suggestions:
Suggestions:
The following are Suggestions derived from the study for M/s IEC for Maintaining
Optimum Electrical Power consumption at its building and for moving towards
Green Energy:

Conducting a comprehensive energy audit on:

Building Shell
HVAC (Heating, ventilating, and air conditioning) and Other Systems
Office and Industrial Equipment
Lighting
Improving energy efficiency of building

Tighten the building envelope (energy efficient windows and doors, adequate

insulation, weather stripping and caulking to seal air gaps).

o Energy Star guidance for buildings and plants
o International Energy Conservation Code for commercial buildings
Control direct sun through windows with solar screens, window films, awnings

and vegetation.
Paint external walls and roof white to reflect heat.
o Information on Cool roofs
o Information on Green roofs which can reduce heat gains and losses
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Improving efficiency of HVAC and Other Systems.

Investment in energy efficient HVAC equipment.

Performing regular maintenance on HVAC systems and change filters

according to system specifications.

Operating tips and tools on combustion systems, steam boiler systems and

process heating systems

Eliminate waste heat by insulating piping and heat generating equipment.
Install variable frequency drives on HVAC pumps, fans, and compressed air

systems.
Install programmable thermostats and adjust for non-work hours.
Install high-volume, low speed fans to improve air circulation and save energy

costs.
Improve efficiency of compressed air and steam systems.
o Check for leaks.
o Avoid 90 degree angles in the piping.
o Use the lowest pressure setting that provides reliable performance.
o Consider ducting outside air when temperatures are lower since less
energy is needed to compress cool air than warm air.
Install cogeneration (combined heat and power) system
Improve efficiency of office and industrial equipment.

Invest in energy efficient equipment and appliances.

o Energy efficient computers, monitors, and other office equipment
o Demand (tankless) water heaters
Install variable frequency drives on pumps, fans, and motors
Upgrade to more efficient and properly-sized electric motors
Consolidate office equipment. Use high-speed printers or multi-function
networked copiers that can be used as printers to reduce the number of

printers in your office.

Consolidate use of small appliances (microwaves, toaster, coffee pots, mini-

fridges, etc.) by using larger more energy-efficient appliances in break rooms.

Install power strips to allow employees to easily control phantom power
loads from chargers for laptops and other electronic devices or simply instruct
employees to unplug when not in use.
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Improve efficiency of computer servers by consolidating and using

virtualization software that optimizes IT assets. Use PC management software
that allows software patches to be performed without being left on all night

and power management software or power saving modes on computers.

Use energy management software to turn off vending machines and other
equipment when not in use.
Improve efficiency of lighting

Replace incandescent lighting with fluorescent lighting and light-emitting

diodes (LEDs) or other energy efficient lighting. Replace all T-12 fluorescent

lighting with energy efficiency T-8 or T-5 fixtures and install LED exit signs.
Install motion sensors, timers, manual dimmers or or automatic daylight

dimming controls.
Maximize use of natural light (windows, skylights and solar tubes) and use
task lighting where extra lighting is needed.
Use energy management software systems to control lighting, HVAC systems,
and to turn off computers and printers, vending machines and other
equipment

Tips on energy management systems

Train employees on basic conservation practices such as turning off lights and
equipment when not in use, controlling thermostat, and activating energy saving
features on equipment.
Contact your utility or a demand response management company about peak
load management. Modify production schedules to limit peak energy use and
save money.
Renewable Energy

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Install on-site renewable energy systems such as photovoltaic, solar water

heating, solar-powered exterior lighting, geothermal systems, or wind energy.

CONCLUSION

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In this study a framework for implementing a solution for optimization of power

consumption has been introduced to reduce the electrical power consumption and
primary energy consumption from a heating system in M/s IEC building in Chennai.
This reduction was achieved by analyzing root cause of wastage and controlling
some parameters that influence high energy consumption
The result of this study support the notion that M/s IEC has the potential to
increase the operational efficiency, quality and organizational effectiveness through
reducing in its present electrical power consumption by 7%, and reducing its primary
energy consumption from HVAC system and can maintain a system for optimizing
electrical power consumption. The insisting and training employees on importance
of energy saving, establishment of new procedures for reducing power consumption
and adoption of green energy and re-engineering of operational process and
procedures with the principles of green energy are some important issues, which
should be examined for continuous improvement in the system and the issue related
to these concerns are worthy of future research.

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://www.confiabilidad.net.
http://www.performancebuilding.org/performancebuilding.php
Guide to Energy Management William J. Kennedy, Wayne C. Turner Barney
Itzhak Maor and Chanin Panjapornpon T. Agami Reddy, "Calibrating detailed
building energy simulation programs with measured data--Part I: general
methodology,
Ardeshir Mahdavi and Claus Proglhof, "A model-based approach to natural
ventilation," Building and Environment
Energy efficiency of buildings Calculation of the energy needs, delivered
energy and primary energy for heating, cooling, ventilation, domesticwater and
lighting

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