Coupled to the end of the turbine is the rotor of the generator.

The rotor is housed

inside the stator having heavy coils of the bars in which electricity is produced
through the movement of magnetic field created by the rotor. Electricity passes
from stator windings to step-up transformer which increases its voltage so that it
can be transmited efficiently over lines of grid.
The staem which has given up its heat energy is cahnged back into water in a
condenser so that it is ready for re-use. The condenser contains many kilometers of
tubing through which cold water is constantly pumped. The staem passing around
the tubes looses heat.Thus it is rapidly changed back into water.
But, the two lots of water, that is, the boiler feed and cooling water must never
mix. Cooling water is drawn from river- bed, but the boiler feed water must be
absolutely pure, far purer than the water we drink (de-mineralized water),
otherwise it may damage the boiler tubes.

SUMMER TRAINING SCHEDULE

EMD-I (Electrical Maintenance Department-I)--- 1 week

EMD-II (Electrical Maintenance Department-II)--- 1 week

EMD I

In EMD-I we went through following 4 sectors:

Coal Handling Plant

Motors
Switchgear
High Tension Switchgear

Coal Handling Plant

Coal is delivered by highway truck, rail, barge or collier ship. Some plants are even
built near coal mines and coal is delivered by conveyors. A large coal train called a
"unit train" may be a kilometres (over a mile) long, containing 60 cars with 100
tons of coal in each one, for a total load of 6,000 tons. A large plant under full load
requires at least one coal delivery this size every day. Plants may get as many as
three to five trains a day, especially in "peak season", during the summer months
when power consumption is high. A large thermal power plant such as the
Badarpur Thermal Power Station, New Delhi stores several million tons of coal for
use when there is no wagon supply.

Coal Handling Plant Layout

Modern unloaders use rotary dump devices, which eliminate problems with coal
freezing in bottom dump cars. The unloader includes a train positioner arm that
pulls the entire train to position each car over a coal hopper. The dumper clamps an
individual car against a platform that swivels the car upside down to dump the
coal. Swivelling couplers enable the entire operation to occur while the cars are
still coupled together. Unloading a unit train takes about three hours.

Shorter trains may use railcars with an "air-dump", which relies on air pressure
from the engine plus a "hot shoe" on each car. This "hot shoe" when it comes into
contact with a "hot rail" at the unloading trestle, shoots an electric charge through
the air dump apparatus and causes the doors on the bottom of the car to open,
dumping the coal through the opening in the trestle. Unloading one of these trains
takes anywhere from an hour to an hour and a half. Older unloaders may still use
manually operated bottom-dump rail cars and a "shaker" attached to dump the coal.
Generating stations adjacent to a mine may receive coal by conveyor belt or
massive diesel electric-drive trucks.
Coal is prepared for use by crushing the rough coal to pieces less than 2 inches (50
mm) in size. The coal is then transported from the storage yard to in-plant storage
silos by rubberized conveyor belts at rates up to 4,000 tons/hour. In plants that
burn pulverized coal, silos feed coal pulverisers (coal mill) that take the larger 2
inch pieces grind them into the consistency of face powder, classify them, and
mixes them with primary combustion air which transports the coal to the furnace
and preheats the coal to drive off excess moisture content. In plants that do not
burn pulverized coal, the larger 2 inch pieces may be directly fed into the silos
which then feed the cyclone burners, a specific kind of combust or that can
efficiently burn larger pieces of fuel.

Run-Of-Mine (ROM) Coal

The coal delivered from the mine that reports to the Coal Handling Plant is called
Run-of-mine, or ROM, coal. This is the raw material for the CHP, and consists of
coal, rocks, middlings, minerals and contamination. Contamination is usually
introduced by the mining process and may include machine parts, used
consumables and parts of ground engaging tools. ROM coal can have a large
variability of moisture and maximum particle size.

Coal Handling
Coal needs to be stored at various stages of the preparation process, and conveyed
around the CHP facilities. Coal handling is part of the larger field of bulk material
handling, and is a complex and vital part of the CHP.

Stockpiles
Stockpiles provide surge capacity to various parts of the CHP. ROM coal is
delivered with large variations in production rate of tonnes per hour (tph). A ROM
stockpile is used to allow the wash plant to be fed coal at lower, constant rate.

Coal Handling Division of BTPS, New Delhi

A simple stockpile is formed by machinery dumping coal into a pile, either from
dump trucks, pushed into heaps with bulldozers or from conveyor booms. More
controlled stockpiles are formed using stackers to form piles along the length of a
conveyor, and reclaimers to retrieve the coal when required for product loading,
etc. Taller and wider stockpiles reduce the land area required to store a set tonnage
of coal. Larger coal stockpiles have a reduced rate of heat lost, leading to a higher
risk of spontaneous combustion.

Stacking
Travelling, lugging boom stackers that straddle a feed conveyor are commonly
used to create coal stockpiles. Stackers are nominally rated in tph (tonnes per hour)
for capacity and normally travel on a rail between stockpiles in the stockyard. A
stacker can usually move in at least two directions typically: horizontally along the
rail and vertically by luffing its boom. Luffing of the boom minimises dust by
reducing the height that the coal needs to fall to the top of the stockpile. The boom
is luffed upwards as the stockpile height grows.

Wagon Tripler at Badarpur Thermal Power Station, New Delhi

Some stackers are able to rotate by slewing the boom. This allows a single stacker
to form two stockpiles, one on either side of the conveyor. Stackers are used to
stack into different patterns, such as cone stacking and chevron stacking. Stacking
in a single cone tends to cause size segregation, with coarser material moving out
towards the base. Raw cone ply stacking is when additional cones are added next
to the first cone. Chevron stacking is when the stacker travels along the length of
the stockpile adding layer upon layer of material. Stackers and Reclaimers were

originally manually controlled manned machines with no remote control. Modern

machines are typically semi-automatic or fully automated, with parameters
remotely set.

Reclaiming
Tunnel conveyors can be fed by a continuous slot hopper or bunker beneath the
stockpile to reclaim material. Front-end loaders and bulldozers can be used to push
the coal into feeders. Sometimes front-end loaders are the only means of
reclaiming coal from the stockpile. This has a low up-front capital cost, but much
higher operating costs, measured in dollars per tonne handled.

Coal Storage Area of the Badarpur Thermal Power Station, New Delhi

High-capacity stockpiles are commonly reclaimed using bucket-wheel reclaimers.

These can achieve very high rates.

Coal Sampling
Sampling of coal is an important part of the process control in the CHP. A grab
sample is a one off sample of the coal at a point in the process stream, and tends
not to be very representative. A routine sample is taken at a set frequency, either
over a period of time or per shipment.

Screening
Screens are used to group process particles into ranges by size. These size ranges
are also called grades. Dewatering screens are used to remove water from the
product. Screens can be static, or mechanically vibrated. Screen decks can be made
from different materials such as high tensile steel, stainless steel, or polyethylene.

Screening and Separation Unit of Coal Handling Division