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Comprehensive studies are necessary to select the most appropriate and cost
effective field architecture (ref. to Field development process)
Wells
Surface wells
Single wells (mainly in shallow water)
Multi-wells cluster
Subsea wells
Satellite wells
Multi-wells cluster
Combination surface + subsea wells
Well profile
Vertical, deviated
Horizontal
Extended reach
Multi-drains
Selection depends on :
Platform type : fixed or floating
Reservoir geometry (extended, compact,
multi-layers, .)
Artificial lift and well intervention
requirements
Costs
Deviated well
Tender Drilling
Rig
Jack-up
Drilling Rig
Compact
Drilling Rig
Drilling deck
Max water
depth
~ 110 m
Fixed Steel
Platform
Fixed Concrete
Platform
Floating platforms
storage
tanker
tanker
Loadin
g buoy
Case 1
Floating
storage
Production
Plant
tanker
Case 2
storage
tanker
Floating
buoy
Case 4
Production
Plant
Oil Storage
Tanker
Gas treatment
&
compression
TCP2
TCP2
TP1
DP1
Gas
treatment
TP1
QP
Living
quarters
QP
CDP1
Norway
Wells
UK
Oil storage
Drilling
Living quarters
Flare
Oil processing
Shuttle tanker
Exploration
well
Loading buoy
Risers
2 Satellite wells
4 wells template
Operator : BP
Location : North Sea UK
Water depth : 119 m
First Prod : 1981
Reserves : 200 MMBOE
Development scheme
7 subsea wells (2 Satellites +
4 template + 1 explo
recovered)
Floating production platform
Loading buoy
2005 ENSPM Formation Industrie - IFP Training
Gullfaks A
Operator : Statoil
Location : North Sea Norway
Water depth : 315 345 m
Discovery : 1979
Sanction : 1996
Development scheme :
Subsea wells tiedback to
existing subsea platform
Gullfaks A
8 subsea templates, 31 slots
Prod capacity : 125 000 b/d
Troll C
Troll B
TROLL B
Oil & gas provinces
First oil : 9/1995
21 subsea oil producers
24 subsea gas producers
Oil production : 270 000
b/d
Semi-sub production unit
TROLL C
Gas province
First gas : 1999
Prod capacity :
Oil : 190 000 b/d
Gas : 9 Mm3/d
Semi-sub production unit
Platform Functions
Offshore platforms are used for different
functions :
Development drilling
Fluids processing
Water, gaz injection
Utilities
Living quarters
Flare
Storage
Integrated
Functions can be :
Split (one platform = one function )
Integrated (one platform = several functions )
Field examples
Split
Integrated
Oil
storage
Drilling
Living
quarters
Flare
Processing
Specific concepts
Self installed platform
Recent design, few applications so far
Lifted deck
Cut piled
after setting
Boat landing
Sea level
Deck
Jacket walkway
Horizontal diagonal
Conductor area
Boat landing
Jacket leg
Barge bumper
Jacket
Horizontal brace
Launch runner
Bracing stub
Vertical diagonal
Jacket leg can
Anodes
Seabed
PILE
Pile anchored
In seabed
SKIRT PILE
Jacket
LAUNCH TRUSS
Types Of Riser
Riser : vertical section of sealine between seabed and surface
Top View
Side View
Platform Loads
Example
Water depth
Environ. conditions
Wind
Waves
Current (surface)
Tid
eStorm gap
Weights
Total
weight
Area
Upper deck
Lower deck
Topsides load
Drilling Rig
Launching
!
!
Launch stresses may control
design of some structural
members
Lifting
Piling
Forces
F wind
Water
Water
Water
F wave +
current
Piles
Soil
Soil
Soil
Forces on piles at
seabed level
Classical
pile
Soil reactions
Insert pile
Skirt pile
Pile Installation
Drilling
Hammering
Drilling rig
Drilling
platform
Installation barge
Main
battered pile
Jacket leg
Main
battered pile
Barge barge
Installation
Subsea
Subsea
Hammer
hammer
Soil
Drill
pipe
Cemented
pile
Skirt
Skirtpile
pile
Drilled hole
Drill bit
Pile Driving
Pile Driving Operation
Piles
Hammers
Pile Driving
Jacket Installation
Vertical Lift
Horizontal Lift
Jacket Installation
Transport on barge
Lifting
Launching
Sapem 7000
Thialf
Sapem 7000
Jacket piles
Production manifold
Production separator
Crude oil heater
Test & cleanup separator
Injection gas compressor
PRODUCTION DECK
21. Water injection pump
22. Generator
23. Deaerator
24. Waste heat recovery unit
25. Firewall
26. Diesel storage
27. Wellheads
28. Chemical injection skid
CELLAR DECK
34. Potable water storage
35. Emergency generator
36. Water injection charge pump
37. Media filter
38. Cooling water cooler
Cooling water surge drum
Cooling water pumps
39. Air compressor
40. Sea water pumps
41. Gas lift & water injection manifold
42. Fire water pump
43. Crude oil cooler
44. Crude oil pipeline pump
45. Electrostatic treater
46. Inlet dehydration filter separator
Glycol contactor
Outlet dehydration filter separator
47. Production water treating
48. Glycol regenerator
49. Slug catcher
50. Plated deck
51. Flare scrubber
2005 ENSPM Formation Industrie - IFP Training
Concrete Platforms
Concrete platforms are gravity based
Their use has been limited essentially to the North Sea & North Atlantic
(Canada)
They are used for very large fields in severe environment necessitating
heavy topsides equipment
They also provide large oil storage capacity at the base
First concrete platforms
FRIGG TCP2
BERYL A BRENT B
BRENT D
118 m
140
104
140
145
145
145
Year installed
1975
75
77
76
77
81
84
Gas treatment
40
38
48
42
42
42
150 000
160 000
160 000
300 000
180 000
200 000
0.9
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.9
2.0
28 000
24 000
21 000
24 000
50 000
50 000
50 000
Function
Nb well slots
Monopod
Multipod
2005 ENSPM Formation Industrie - IFP Training
Loading lines
Transport the fluid from the storage facility to a nearby loading facility
(buoy or other)
Generally large diameter (20 to 40)
Steel pipe
Concrete layer
(1 to 5 thick)
OD
WT
Anti-corrosion coating
2005 ENSPM Formation Industrie - IFP Training
Onshore
Pipe preparation in long sections (up to
several km)
Transport to site :
Surface tow (with buoyancy modules)
Bottom tow
Spooled (small diameter, short
lenght)
A few connections to
perform offshore
J lay
water depth
> 200 m
S-lay
J-lay
2005 ENSPM Formation Industrie - IFP Training
Allseas Lorelay
Stena Apache