OJT2 Vertical (Orchard Residences)

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.
MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

School of Civil Environment and Geological Engineering
2nd Quarter SY 2014-2015
PRACTICUM REPORT
The Orchard Residences
Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

of the course in CE 200R (CE Practicum 2) by:
GROUP 2, SECTION B1
Abustan, Rosalyn V.
Biglete, Daniel Fernando P.
Casalla, Lincoll A.
Edades, Isabelo P.
Pineda, Bernadette B.
To
Professor RAUL C. ASIS
November 15, 2014
BRIEF DESCRIPTION
OF THE PROJECT
Brief description of the project
The Orchard Residences is a 46-storey twin tower condominium and 1 parking podium
that is used for commercial and residential space. It is located at Masangkay Street in Tondo,
Manila. Also, it is located besides Metropolitan Hospital and Wharton Park Suites. The Orchard
Residence is the most prominent and distinguished residence in Masangkay. This project is
planned to have a quality, elegance, and comfort meet practical design and value. It is a Fareast
Property Development Corporations project that was contracted by Golden Fortune TechnoBuilt Incorporation as the projects general contractor.
The duration of the project is started at December 9, 2013 and is estimated to be finished
in 46 months. Thus the total project duration is from 2013 to 2017.
The Orchard Residences have a comfortable Studio, 1-Bedroom Flex, and 2-Bedroom
units to choose for. Each unit size ranges from 20 m2 to 50 m2. It also have thoughtful amenities
and facilities such as Retail Arcade, Kiddie Pool, Adult Pool, Meditation Garden, Jogging Path,
Fitness Gym, Bridge Way, Game Room, Wi-Fi Enable Study Hall and more.
Perspective of the Project
METHODS OF
CONSTRUCTION
Methods of Construction
1. Preparatory Works for RC Columns, Beams, and Slabs
a. Alignment and Grading
Line and Grade Engineer should see to it that alignment and grading of structural
elements are observed with regards to the plans provided prior to rebar, form, and
concrete works.
Inspection of Alignment and Grading

b. Rebar Testing
Rebar Testing is done in order to check whether the rebar to be used in
construction are satisfying the specifications indicate especially with regards to yield
strength.
Rebar Specifications
c. Rebar Fabrication
In ordering rebars, available sizes are 6m to 15m with an increment of 1.5 meters.
In some cases, desired sizes are unavailable or out of stock and some alterations on
design of rebar placement should be done. These changes may be present on the
cutting lists provided by the quantity surveyor. Details of splicing zone, development
length of hooks, etc. are the most critical phases for fabrication of rebars.
Delivered Rebars from Suppliers
Bending of Reinforcements
Beam Stirrups and Column Ties

d. Scaffoldings
In this site, they are observing the concept of 2 strong floors prior to monolithic
concrete pouring of slab and beams at the upper floor. This means that scaffoldings
are provided on 2 floors below the floor in which concrete pouring is to be done.
GFTBI (Golden Fortune Techno-build Incorporation) is observing this concept in
order to maintain safety.
Scaffoldings are designed to be able to carry the weight poured concrete to
prevent any collapse, damage, or harm especially from the laborers.
Scaffolding of Beams and Slabs
Strong Floor with Scaffoldings

2. Installation of Rebars in Columns
a. Rebar Installation
After line and grade checking and rebar fabrication, these may now be installed
by the steel men. Safety measures should always be observed upon installation of bars
especially in columns because these are done vertically at a significant height. Safety
equipments like hat, harness, etc. should be used when doing this job. Incompliance
to these safety measures may result to injury or casualties.
Column Rebars Installation
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b. Formworks System and Installation

The contractor of this project Orchard Residences uses the EFCO System
(Economy Forms Corporation). This system uses steel panels (for columns) that are
laterally connected using ties in order to prevent movement of forms to observe
proper alignment, plumbness, and elevation and as well as prevention of bursting of
concrete.
EFCO Formworks System for Columns

3. Installation of Rebars in Beams/Girders and Slabs
a. Formworks System and Installation
EFCO system is also the formworks system used in beams/girders and slabs.
These formworks are installed prior to rebar placement and checked by Line and
Grade Engineer for alignment and proper placement.
EFCO Formworks System for Beams/Girders and Slabs
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b. Scaffoldings Installation
Scaffoldings are designed and placed properly prior to rebar installation in order
to prevent hazards or injuries. These scaffoldings are used to avoid movements of
forms that may alter the alignment upon rebar and concrete works to be done.
Scaffoldings for Beams/Girders and Slabs
c. Beam Rebars and Stirrups Installation

After alignment and grading check, beam rebars may now be placed. Steel men
must observe proper placement of these rebars and should maintain safety at all times.
Proper PPE should be used in order to avoid accidents or injuries upon rebar
placement.
Stirrups must be installed properly by steel men to avoid discrepancies on the
values of spacing with regards to the key plan provided. Stirrups should be tied well
to avoid movement of shear reinforcements upon concrete pouring.
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Proper placement of Rebars and Shear Reinforcements in beams and girders

d. Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing ducts Installation
Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing ducts may be installed together with the
rebars and stirrups of beams and girders. These ducts should be properly installed to
avoid breakage or damage on the placement of slab rebars.
Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing ducts installation
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e. Rebar Installation for Slabs

After installation of bars at beams and as well as MEPF installation, rebars for
slabs may now be installed by the steel men. Proper spacing should be observed to
avoid discrepancies with regards to the key plan. Rebars should be properly tied and
well placed to avoid movements upon concrete pouring.
Rebar Installation in Slabs

4. Preparatory Works for Concrete Pouring
a. Pumpcrete
Pumpcrete is a construction equipment consist of a machine and series of pipes
that is used to transport concrete from lower elevation to higher elevation. Before
using the Pumpcrete bags of cement are fed into the machine. These acts as a grout
that helps smoothen the surface of the pipe so that concrete can slide through easier.
This construction equipment should be prepared and placed in the proper area in
order to avoid obstructions.
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Pumpcrete pipe placing prior to pouring of concrete

b. Placing Boom
A construction equipment incorporated with the pipes of the Pumpcrete. It is used
to maneuver the pipe around the area where the pouring is needed. This equipment
should also be properly placed prior to rebar placement in order to avoid obstructions.
Placing Boom
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c. Inspection
Inspection prior and after a certain work at site is done by QA (Quality
Assurance)/QC (Quality Control) Engineer. QA Engineer should inspect the rebar
count and spacing after the placement of column, beam, and slab rebars.
Inspection of Rebar Count, Spacing, and Placement

After rebar placement and formwork installation, QA/QC Engineer should inspect
the plumbness, squareness, alignment, and grading of formworks accompanied by an
Architect prior to concrete pouring.
Plumbness and Squareness Inspection
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Beam and Slab Rebars Inspection

5. Concrete Pouring
After finishing all preparatory works, concrete pouring may now be done. In
concrete pouring, placing boom connected to the stationary pumpcrete is used.
Certain quantity of concrete cylinders depending on the volume of concrete to be
poured must be tested in order to check the strength of delivered concrete. Concrete
on Columns should have a least strength of 8500psi as prescribed by the designer of
this project and Concrete on Beams and Slabs have a least strength of 6000 psi.
Concrete Pouring
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PROJECT QUALITY
MANAGEMENT
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Project Quality Management

1. TESTING OF MATERIALS
Quality Assurance (QA) testing is provided for the verification of the adequacy and
effectiveness of GFTBI QC testing. QA testing is performed by Quality Control (QC) officer
and is independent of and in addition to QC testing performed by GFTBI. QA testing may be
performed on pre-established schedule or as directed by CM.
QA testing will be performed by or under supervision of the QC staff to validate the

GFTBI QC sampling and testing. Such testing maybe performed by third party testing
service. In lieu of performing independent test the CM QC may choose to witness QC testing
or conduct test on split samples from QC testing. When QA and QC test results do not
compare or have wide variances, additional testing maybe needed to validate the results.
Additional test to be performed by field inspector or the third party testing services will be at
the direction of CM QC officer.
The need for QA testing shall be based on the following considerations.
Importance of the items as to its reliability, etc.
Need to perform quality checks for fabrication sequences not available for inspection
at
completion, and
Deficiencies are discovered.
GFTBI will provide a one day advance notice of impending hold points. Field
inspector conducting the quality test and inspections shall complete the daily construction
report. The daily construction report will be distributed to the Owner, CM site manager,
GFTBI PM, and or QC officer. CM will review QA test and maintain file for all field QA
documentation.
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General Procedure for Sampling & Testing
Objective:
To ensure that testing and inspection events are properly triggered and scheduled with
the concerned parties.
Procedure:
1. CQC Engineer gives instructions to Proceed for an activity.
2. Field Engineer requests CQC Engineer to schedule inspection/inspection.
3. CQC Engineer confirms date/time of inspection among all parties.
4. During inspection of testing, inspection Checklist or Test Certificates, respectively, are
used in documenting findings.
5. CQC Engineer checks the Testing Requested; CQC Representative and Safety Engineer
approve the inspection request.
6. Preliminary inspection is conducted by GFTBI prior to the joint inspection with IACAI.
7. Comments based on inspection by management team are compiled by GFTBI prior to
approve of any request scope of work.
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Concrete
In the sampling and testing of concrete, before the actual pouring the concrete is subjected to
slump test with which 75mm of drop is the acceptable value.
In addition to that, minimum of six (6) cylindrical samples were taken for compressive
strength test. The size of sample varies depending on the design mix of the concrete and it
measure 4 by 8 or 6 by 12. The six cylindrical samples are tested during its 7 th, 14th and
28th days of the concrete. Proper curing of the samples is applied to avoid any error.
Slump Test is a test of workability or measurement

of consistency of fresh concrete in that specific
batch. There are 3 layers of concrete in the cone
then tamped it 25 times each layer.
Slump Test
They put plastic bag on the sample concrete for the

moist to circulate. Before testing of concrete they
drain it minimum of 3 hours.
Concrete Samples
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The testing of concrete is based on the ASTM C39 standard and the use of Universal Testing
Machine is applied. The contractors partner testing company is the Matest located in Bambang,
Manila and Terms Concrete Testing (TCT) in Tayuman, Sta. Cruz, Manila
Design Strength for 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day
The actual testing of Concrete held at Matest Bambang,

Manila. Testing of concrete must be assisted by QC
Engineer to monitor the data in the testing.
Actual Testing of Concrete

Sample Test Result
Actual Test Result of Sample Concrete
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Steel Reinforcement Bars

In testing of steel reinforcement bars, two (2) samples per batch are obtained and
the lengths are as follows:
Bar Diameter
8 mm 20mm
25mm 32mm
36 mm
No. of Samples
Length of
Samples
Type of Test
0.6 m
Tensile
0.4 m
Bending
0.6 m
Tensile
0.5 m
Bending
0.6 m
Tensile
0.5 m
Bending
The test conforms to PNS49 standard and the universal testing machine is used to test the
samples. The steel bars are subjected to tensile and bending test. The partner for testing the
reinforcing steel bars Matest located in Bambang, Manila and Philippine Geoanalytical. Inc. in
Kamuning, Quezon City.
Steel Reinforcements Bar Sample
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There were two(2) sample of reinfircement bar to be tested. One for tensile test and another one
for bending stress. As the testing center or the Matest requires the longer one was for tensile test
and the other one will be for bending.
Actual Test Result
Actual Test Result of Steel Reinforcements Bar
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Mechanical Coupler
Reinforcing Steel Bars with Coupler
In the sampling of reinforcements steel bar with mechanical couplers, they obtained two
(2) samples. They used couplers to connect the two (2) steel bars.
The test conforms to ASTM A 325 standard and the universal testing machine is used to
test the samples. Samples are subjected to tensile test. The partner for testing the reinforcing steel
bars Matest located in Bambang, Manila and Philippine Geoanalytical. Inc. in Kamuning,
Quezon City.

Actual Test Result of Mechanical Coupler
Actual Test Result of Mechanical Coupler
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2. JOB INSPECTION OF WORKS

JOB CONTROL FORMS
1.
2.
3.
4.
Inspection Work Request (IWR)

Form Enclosure (FE)
Concrete Pouring Request (CPR)
Formworks Stripping Request (FSR)
Procedure for Work Monitoring

Objective:
To ensure the approved construction methodologies and standards are followed, thereby
maximizing efficiency in the project. Materials used for an activity can be traced from its source
to its application and installation (especially wrong installations to be connected.)
Procedure:
1. Project Engineer / Material Engineer witness delivery of materials on-site.
2. Project Engineer coordinates with subcontractor ensures that approved construction
methods are used.
3. Project Engineer monitors placements of materials/ location of installed equipments.
Inspection Process Flow
Objective: To ensure that testing and inspection events are properly triggered and scheduled with
concern parties.
Procedure:
1. CQC engineer gives instructions to proceed for an activity.
2. Field engineer requests CQC engineer to schedule inspection / testing.
3. CQC engineer confirms date / time of inspection among all parties.
4. During inspection or testing, inspection checklist or test certificates, respectively,
are used in document findings.
5. CQC engineer checks the testing requested; CQC representative and safety
engineer approve the inspection request.
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1. Inspection Work Request (IWR)
Accomplished Inspection Work Request

Inspection of Work Request is the first Job Control Form to be approved before proceeding to other
activities. Inspectors from different trade contractor will be inspecting the work if it is approved to proceed
to next activity. In case there are comments that are needed to change, engineer must rectify.
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2. Concrete Pouring Request
Accomplished Concrete Pouring Request
Concrete Pouring Request (CPR) is the one needed before pouring of concrete in every
structural member of a building. It should be signed or approved by the Trade Contractor like
Electrical, Mechanical etc., General Contractor (GFTBI) and Inspector (IACAI).
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3. Form enclosure
Accomplished Form Enclosure
In the enclosure of formworks, Engineer will be assisted by the Architect and other
Trade Contractor to inspect if the specific structural member passed the requirements or
specifications to enclose it by formworks. Form Enclosure must be approved by the inspector
to proceed.
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4. Formworks Stripping Request
Accomplished Formworks Stripping Request
Form Stripping Request is the last activity to be done. Before removing the formworks,
the checklist must be observed by the inspector. It must also be 7 days after the pouring of
concrete. It must also be complied to what the general notes says.
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ACCEPTANCE AND REJECTION OF WORKS

Every activity or work in the site must be approved by the different inspector before proceeding
to the next activity. Trades involved in the inspection are the following:
Structural
Architectural
Electrical
Auxiliary
Sanitary/Plumbing
Mechanical
Fire Protection
Line & Grade
Safety
For all the trades to approve the work, each structural member that is subjected for inspection
must comply with the specifications which are written in the general notes of the plan. Owner
and Management have the final right to reject a work.
Sample of Approved Work

Flow of Approval of Work
Submit Request Form for a

work
Inspect the work by different

inspector of trade involved
Comply with
Specifications?
YES
Proceed with the work
NO
Rectify all comments
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DOCUMENTATION
AND RECORD KEEPING
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Documentation and Record Keeping is one of the most important parts of construction.
It is a compilation of important information and data involved in the process of construction. It
includes progress reports, file documents, and details about the project. Without these reports, it
would be difficult for the company to stand firm whenever there will be issues regarding the
construction. These might serve as proofs that will support situations. And everything must be
recorded for the data collection.
Once the project has started Progress Reports and Record Keeping should, at the same
time start. Progress reports must be in a form of daily reports, weekly reports and monthly
reports. This is to further monitor the development and/or changes in the project. These reports
can be in a form of checklist, narrative observation, or a detailed report with photos and billings.
DAILY REPORTS
Daily Reports includes the work done within the day, extra work done, manpower count,
equipment, kind, number and status. This also includes the weather condition within the day
from am to pm. This is to determine how the work will be affected by the uncontrolled situations
just like the change in weather. The report is called Daily Project Log which is done daily. It is
prepared by the Planning Engineer and must be submitted to the Project-in-Charge.
Log Books is a record book that is done by the site supervisor. All the observations and
activities done during the day is recorded and kept on the office. This may serve as a reference
during a meeting. It is very important to keep hold of records of whatever happened for a specific
so that if there will be problems encountered, it would be easier to trace on what part exactly it
has started. It is necessary to have this daily logbook as part of an effective project management.
Additional forms such as Accident Reports and numerous checklists help make sure that you're
covered.
Sample of Daily Project Log

Weather Chart
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Sample of Daily Project Log

Equipment Utilization
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WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT
Weekly Reports is said to be the summary of daily reports. It is a compilation of all the
submittals by subcontractors within the week. It is important because it helps in guiding and
monitoring the changes and improvements on the project. The same time, the contractors will be
able to respond accordingly with legal actions. This weekly report is prepared by the
documentation team in the form of billings and/or list of submittals and submitted to the project
manager.
This report includes:
Weekly Activity List

Weekly Forecast
Weekly Accomplishment
Accomplishment Report
Progress Photos
Submittal Review Form Logs
Material Request Log
Master Submittal List
Summary of Rebar Delivery
Rebar Test Result
Summary of Concrete Delivery
Concrete Test Result
Weekly Activity List

It is a list of activities that needs to be done in a certain week. It must be accomplished
according to plan. This helps the organization of work for the workers. This also includes the
necessary preparation that needs to be done in relation with the activity. This is prepared by the
planning engineer and submitted to the project-in-charge.
Sample of Weekly Activity List
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Weekly Forecast
This part of the report indicates the projected start and finish of a work within a certain
week. It is said to be the schedule that needs to be followed. This is prepared by the planning
engineer and is submitted to the project-in-charge.
Sample of Weekly Forecast
Weekly Accomplishment
In this part of the report, the accomplishment made on the project within a certain week is
compared to the projected schedule. Through illustration, the comparison will be clearer. In here,
it could be seen if there are delays or the work done is ahead of time. This is prepared by the
planning engineer and is submitted to the project manager. After this, an Accomplishment
Report will be made accordingly, to further explain the details regarding the accomplishment
which is also made by the planning engineer.
Sample of Weekly Accomplishment
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Progress Photos
This will serve as supporting details to the accomplishment report. These are taken
photos on the changes made on the construction of the structure. It is detailed in such a way, that
in each zones per floor, changes are documented. This is done by the site engineer and/or
planning engineer and compiled by the documentation controller.
Submittal Review Form Logs

This is a form that summarizes all the documents passed and submitted by the contractor
to the owner and project manager. This must be verified also by the consultant designer. These
submittals are Shop Drawings, Product Data, Product Sample, Test Result, Methodology and/or
Design Consultation. This also includes whether the submittal is approved, approved as noted,
disapproved or revise & re-submit and noted.
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Sample of Submittal Logs
Materials Request Log

This is included in the weekly report to monitor the materials ordered and delivered on
the site. It is important because it will determine the progress of the work. This form must
specify the description of the materials needed and its specification. Corresponding to this
request, the owner (Fareast Development Corporation) and the project manager (I.A. Campbell
& Associates, Inc.) must be informed.
This report is very important as it includes the master plan of the project. Any changes
and progress made must be recorded to check the status of the construction, whether there is a
need for solution or improvement or else otherwise. This is made by the planning engineer and
engineer-in-charge coordinating with the architect, to ensure that the project plan is satisfying
both parties. Any changes to be made in the project must be consulted first to the designer
consultant and owner, and they have the final say on the decision.
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Sample of Materials Plan Log
Summary of Rebar Delivery

In this form, it indicates the quantity of rebars delivered with specified grade and bar
diameter. The whole quantity of rebars needed for the construction will not be delivered most
probably, all at the same time. There will be instances where a part of the ordered rebars will be
delivered for a certain time frame. Thus, this form indicates the guaranteed quantity, delivered
quantity, and balance to guarantee by the supplier. It is all recorded because any insufficiency
will definitely affect the project especially the project. this report is prepared by the project
engineer and is submitted to the project-in-charge.
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Sample of RSB Delivery Report
Rebar Test Result

In this part of the weekly report, attached here are the results from the testing of rebars. It
is very necessary and important because it ensures the strength of the rebars that are to be used in
the construction really passed the design criteria needed for the structure. Though the delivered
rebars has its specification, the contractor will conduct a test of itself to ensure that the delivered
rebars are with correct specifications. The report is done by the rebar engineer and to be checked
by the QA/QC engineer and this shall be passed to the project-in-charge.
Sample of Rebar Test Result
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Summary of Concrete Delivery

In this form, it indicates the name of the supplier, quantity of ready mixed concrete with
its specified strength. This form indicates the guaranteed quantity, breakdown of delivery for
each strength, total delivered quantity, and balance to guarantee by the supplier. It is all recorded
because any insufficiency will definitely affect the project especially the project. This report is
prepared by the project engineer and is submitted to the project-in-charge.
Sample of RMC Delivery Report
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Concrete Test Result

This result includes the date when the concrete is poured and on which particular
location. The strength in Psi is also indicated. During the 7th day, 14th day and 28th day, the
strengths are obtained and recorded. Test results should pass the required design strength for the
specific test days before it will be used for the construction.
Sample of Summary of Concrete

Specimen Test Results
MONTHLY PROGRESS REPORT
Monthly Progress Report is a more detailed report compared to the weekly report. It
includes details about the current progress of the project. This includes the list of activities done,
currently doing and needs to be done on the project. Together with this, attached are the billing
forms, change of orders, current status and/or date of completion. This also includes problems
encountered on the project with corresponding solutions made and/or plans to address the
problem. This monthly report is subdivided into three parts: written report, project tracking
schedule, and activity management schedule.
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Written report is a summary of: progress for the month against defined objectives;
financial progress (i.e. expenditure against budget and cash flow projection; physical progress;
problems encountered and the actions proposed to resolve the problems; and information
required which has an impact on undertaking the work at hand).
Project tracking schedule is an excel-based schedule which the following details for
each project: project details, project budget and expenditure to date, project physical progress
and problems encountered, project employment data and current status of the project.
Activity management schedule is an excel-based schedule that lists all of the major
activities and objectives that must be achieved within the timetable and/or deadline. This tracks
the planned completion dates for the key activities as well as the actual completion of the
activity.
The Monthly Report includes the ff.:

I.
1.1
1.2
1.3
II.
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
III.
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Executive Brief
Project Description
Project Organization
Health, Safety and Environment Program
Updates for the Period - September 1-25, 2014
As per MS Project Master Schedule (Original Contract)
As per Bar Chart/Cash Flows
Construction Update
Activities last Period
Activities this Period
Activities next Period
Weather Chart
Three-Months Look-Ahead Schedule
Submittal Logs of Materials West and East Tower
Submittal Logs of Shop Drawings West and East Tower
Submittal Logs of Methodology
Submittal Logs of Product Data/Sample
Submittal Logs of Test Results
Annexes
Master Schedule
West Tower Blocking Schedule (Original Contract)
East Tower Podium Schedule

Ready Mixed Concrete Delivery Report
Summary of Rebar Test Results
Summary of Concrete Test Results
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3.5
Progress Photos
Updates for the Period
This part of the report includes the summary of accomplishment and variance (if theres
any) of the project. This will inform the owner of the works done in that particular month.
In this part, Golden Fortune Techno-Built Inc. based on the MS Project Master Schedule
and the Bar Chart/Cash Flows. This is shown using figures to further visualize the
accomplishment done compared to the work that needs to be done.
Construction Update
It is a detailed list of activities for the last period, current period and next period. This is
done to inform the owner and project manager of the works done in the project so they will be
guided accordingly, and they would further study it to improve the sequence of work or stick to
what is planned.
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Weather Chart
It is very important for the contract to be updated of the weather forecast. One of the
uncontrolled variables in construction is the change in weather; it highly affects the work, cost,
time and progress. This is done to systematize the sequence of work and further adjustments on
the construction. This is important because, a work cannot be pursued if there is a coming storm
or typhoon, not only for the contractor but also for the safety of the workers.
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Sample of RMC Delivery Report
Three Months Look Ahead Schedule

Time is one of the most important considerations in the construction. All projects have a
certain deadline that needs to be followed. Any delays and extensions on the project affects
highly on the cost of the project. This three months look ahead schedule enables to manage the
work accordingly to the deadline.
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Sample of Three Months Look Ahead

Schedule
Submittal Logs & Master Submittal List

As done in the weekly report, all those submittals are collected and compiled together
and summarized to be presented on the monthly report. All the contents are the same. Submittal
logs are for materials, shop drawings (structural), methodology/design calculation, product data,
and test results.
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Other Visual Presentation

This includes schedules, graphs, progress photos, etc. to further support the
accomplishment done in the project. Progress photos must be properly labeled to make it easier
for the project manager and/or owner to understand.
COST DOCUMENTATION
Cost Documentation is basically the cost estimation of the whole project, starting from
the manpower utilizations, equipment utilizations and material cost. Every cost related matters
on the site must be kept recorded and documented. It is very important for the owner to be
updated and properly informed on this matter.
Manpower and Equipment Utilization Reports

Manpower Utilization reports is monitored daily. The site supervisor summarizes the
designation, number of employees per designation and total number of working hours allotted on
a particular day. The total number of hours of the employees is compared to the previous total
hours and then the total running time is computed. It is important to be guided with this because
manpower cost depends on each day of work. It must be balanced and any adjustment of labor
must be planned. One should not increase or decrease number of workers without thinking of it
carefully. Sequence of work and time schedule are to be considered.
Equipment Utilization report is also monitored daily. The site supervisor summarizes the
kind of equipment, number of available equipments and its status. The status of the equipment
can be classified as idle, breakdown and operational. Monitoring this helps in controlling the
equipments needed in the construction. Equipments must consider the work volume, which is
done by the working engineer (project manager, project-in-charge, project engineer) on the site,
before any changes to be made.
Material Cost Control Reports

This is done to determine the total percentage of delivered materials that has been used in
the site. It includes the quantity, unit and state of the materials on the site. It is important to keep
a record of the materials delivered because it is to manage properly whether there are enough
stock of materials or there is a need for a new set of delivery.
Sample of Requisition Form
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Sample of Requisition Slip
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TIME AND
COST CONTROL
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Project Management Software used by the Planning Department:

Microsoft Project is a project management software program, developed and sold by Microsoft,
which is designed to assist a project manager in developing a plan, assigning resources to tasks,
tracking progress, managing the budget, and analyzing workloads. The application creates
critical path schedules, and critical chain and event chain methodology third-party add-ons also
are available.
A CPM schedule created using Microsoft Project
Microsoft Excel is a spreadsheet application developed by Microsoft. It features calculation,

graphing tools, pivot tables and macro programming language. It is used in monitoring the cost
and cash flow of the project. The S-curve and cash flow can be easily graphed based on what is
indicated in the scheduling made from Microsoft Project.
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The S-curve using Microsoft Excel
Project Schedule:
S-curve is defined a display of cumulative costs, labor hours or other quantities plotted against
time. The beginning represents a slow, deliberate but accelerating start, while the end
represents a deceleration as the work runs out.
Prior to project commencement, a schedule is prepared outlining the proposed allocation of
resources and the timing of tasks necessary to complete the project within a set time frame and
budget. This schedule is referred to as the Baseline Schedule. From this schedule, a Baseline Scurve is generated. This S-curve reflects the planned progress of the project. If the project
requirements change prior to commencement like change of scope and delayed start, the Baseline
Schedule may require revision to reflect the changed requirements.
This is the latest S-curve showing

slippage of the plan and actual
accomplishment. The red line
shows the actual progress while the
blue line shows the estimated cost
and time plan.
62
Cost Report/ Cash Flow

The cash flow forecast how much they will amount to during the life of project. Predicting cash
flow is important in order to ensure that an appropriate level of funding is in place and that
suitable draw-down facilities are available. Until the main contractor has been appointed, cash
flow projections are likely to be based only on agreed fee payment schedules for consultants and
a simple division of the construction cost over the likely construction period perhaps an
allocation of construction cost over an s-curve distribution.
Cash flow corresponding to the S-curve
63
UPDATE FOR THE PERIOD September 1 25 , 2014

Accomplishment report
As of: September 22, 2014
PROJECTED
16.58%
ACTUAL
16.58%
VARIANCE
0.00%
REMARKS
On schedule
Last Period: August 25, 2014

PROJECTED
14.35%
ACTUAL
14.35%
VARIANCE
0.00%
REMARKS
On schedule
VARIANCE
PROJECTED
2.23%
ACTUAL
2.23%
VARIANCE
0.00%
REMARKS
Monthly Accomplishment
This accomplishes report shows that there are 0.00% variance.

Resource Productivity Report:
This is the manpower schedule as of June 23, 2014 of West Tower.
64

This is the equipment schedule as of June 23, 2014 of West Tower.
65
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Delays Encountered:
Time delays happen because the actual condition in the site is not the same as planned like
weather condition and other factors that affect the work progress. Another reason is if there will
be revisions to the original plan. These delays are reflected through slippage in the S-Curve.
The owner, Orchard Residences, decided to add a basement which is not included in the original
plan that resulted to a delay of schedule compared to the S-Curve prepared from the contract.
Because of this, there will be a revised or catch-up schedule that is currently on process (46month construction). As of now, the Golden Fortune Techno-Built Inc. is still adopting the
original schedule and S-Curve (38-month construction).
Here are some solutions used by the Planning Department:
Manpower
It means that in order to meet the time scheduled, the contractor can add more workers to
do the project. However, this solution needs more budget to implement it.
System
In this solution, the Golden Fortune Techno-Built Inc. changed their formwork system
from EFCO System to Aluma System. In the West Building, they used EFCO System but
they notice that their work is delay so they change the formwork system of the East
Building to Aluma System to catch-up the schedule. Aluma System has bigger plate,
meaning it can save time in forming it and will accelerate the progress of their work. But
this solution may need extra cost since they started their work using EFCO System.
Working Times (overtime)

It means that the workers and engineers should extend their working hour than the normal
working hour or what we call overtime. In this solution, the progress of their work will
accelerate because of continuously working until they reach the target schedule. Like the
other two solutions, this solution will also need more budget.
67
Cost Variances:
A variance is the difference between a budgeted/ planned cost and the actual amount. The
concept of variance is intrinsically connected with planned and actual results and effects of the
difference between those two on the performance of the general contractor. It is based on the unit
of quantities and the S-Curve. As of now, there is 0.00% variance in the project.
There are cases that negative variance occurs. It is when the actual amount is greater than the
budgeted/ planned amount. In order to avoid negative variance, the contactor should know how
to balance and control the cost of the project.
Here are some of the ways how contractor adjust the operation to address cost variance:
Proper measurement and monitoring of the materials

It is important in construction because every materials delivered to the site should be used
in order to avoid wasting them. Proper supervision of the cost of materials should be
implemented.
Proper measurement and monitoring of accomplishments

Work accomplishment should be documented weekly to monitor the quantity of materials
needed. If accomplishments are not documented, there is a tendency of ordering excess
materials like rebars that could cause cost variance.
68
MEASURING WORKS
ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND
REPORTING WORK PROGRESS
69
Progress report is done daily, weekly and monthly. The daily and weekly reports are compiled
for the monthly report. Every progress report is composed of accomplishment (daily, weekly and
monthly), look ahead schedule, manpower and equipment schedule, submittal plan, shop
drawings and progress photographs. They measure work accomplishment by having percentage
accomplishment for that period and percent weight accomplishment based on the whole project.
Variance is zero meaning the project is on schedule.
Measuring work accomplishment for formworks, rebar, and concrete are all done by each
respective field engineers.
Formworks engineer calculates the surface area for a certain structural member and
multiply a unit rate for formworks to get the amount of phenolic boards or formworks to
be used for that certain billing period. These phenolic boards are for beams and girders
(sides and bottom), slabs (bottom), and for shear wall and column (sides).
Rebar engineer measures the work accomplishment based on the rebar installed not
delivered. Delivered rebars are equal to the installed plus the scrap. Installed rebars are
from slabs, beams and girders, columns, and shear walls. The documents attached for this
one are the cutting list and summary of installed rebars together with the scrap for each
commercial length of steel bars for that period.
Concreting engineer is responsible for compiling all the documents regarding concreting
works. Attachments involved are the estimated volume of concrete and the actual amount
of concrete installed for that billing period. Concrete installed are from slabs, beams and
girders, columns and shear walls. He calculates the actual volume of concrete and
multiplies with the unit rate for concrete.
Summary of Rebar Installed as of Aug. 14, 2014
70
Summary of Ready Mixed Concrete Delivered as of September 17, 2014
*Concrete- 5000 psi

Wall- 5000 psi
Slab- 6000 psi
Column- 8500 psi
71
Progress Photographs as of Sept. 25, 2014
Accomplishment in 8th floor
8th floor Phase 1 and 2 cleaning prior

to concrete pouring
72
73
8th floor Phase 3 installation of rebar
Progress Payment Procedures (Progress Billing with Supporting Documents)

The contractor is paid progressively throughout the project and is required to submit progress
claims to the architect on a regular basis. The architect assesses each claim on the basis of work
undertaken, the labor and materials used, and any other construction costs in accordance with the
construction contract, and then issues a progress certificate which stated the amount calculated
by the architect to be due to the contractor at the time of issue.
Under most building contracts, the architects responsibility to prepare and issue progress
certificates is as an independent professional assessor upon whose assessment and valuation both
you and the contractor have agreed to abide. It is one of the few instances under the contract that
the architect does not act as your agent and you must not do anything which prevents your
architect from carrying out that role of assessor and certifier independently of you.
Process and obligations for progress payments:
The contractor presents a progress claim to the architect
The architect assesses the claim, determines the monetary amount which the contractor is entitled
to under the contract and issues a progress certificate to the contractor
The contractor presents the progress certificate and a tax invoice to you for payment
The building contract usually states a limited time within which you must make the payment
74
Purchase Order of Concrete Moving
75
Purchase Order of Earth Moving
76
Summary of payment as of September 25, 2014
77
78
PROGRESS
PAYMENTS

Progress Payments
79
80
VARIATION ORDER
AND TIME EXTENSIONS
81
Variation Order
Variation order is also known as change order; this is an alteration or adjustment to the scope of
work in a construction contract in the form of an addition, replacement or omission from the
original scope of work.
Variations may include alteration to the:
Design
Quantities
Qualities
Working conditions
Sequence of work
Source of Conflict
When work is not mentioned in the bill of quantities, drawings or specifications.

In common law this silence does not mean the contractor has an automatic
right to claim for extra payment. The client is not bound to pay for things
that a reasonable contractor must have understood were to be done but
which happen to be omitted from the bills of quantities.
If the contract administrator omits work from contractors scope.

Omission must be genuine: the work omitted must be omitted from the
contract entirely; it cannot be used to take work away from the contractor
to give it to another. Similarly, the contract administrator is not
empowered to order variations to help the contractor if the contracted
works are proving too difficult or expensive for them.
Variations may not (without the contractors consent):
Change the fundamental nature of the works.

Omit work so that it can be carried out by another contractor.
Be instructed after practical completion.
Require the contractor to carry out work that was the subject of a prime cost sum.
Variations are often sources of argument and can cost a lot of time and money during the course
of a contract. While some variations are unavoidable, it is wise to minimize potential variations
and subsequent claims by ensuring that uncertainties are eliminated before awarding the contract.
This can be done by:
Undertaking thorough site investigations and condition surveys.

Ensuring that the project brief is comprehensive and is supported by stakeholders.
Ensuring that legislative requirements are properly integrated into the project.
Ensuring that risks are properly identified.

Ensuring that designs are properly co-ordinate before tender.
Ensuring that the contract is unambiguous and explicit.
Ensuring that the contractors rates are clear.
Preparing concise drawings, bills of quantities and specifications, providing for all
situations which are reasonably fore-seeable.
82
83
Time Extension
Extension of time is based on the ability to demonstrate that delays have occurred in
the construction schedule affecting project completion date. Time extension requests are
normally specified in contracts provision and requesting time extensions should be made
following all steps and documentation under the contract guideline. When requesting a time
extension the Contractor should notify the Project Manager, when any issue might affect the
project schedule. A formal letter must be addressed to the Contract Administrator requesting the
time extension and the reasons why those days should be added to the construction schedule. The
Contract Administrator should then, remit the letter to the Project Manager for evaluation and
approval or rejection. If the time extension is granted, then the Project Manager must answer by
written and a change order will be issued. Some contracts specify that time extension requests
should be done within a specific time frame, if not; the time extension claim will also be
rejected. Time extension document should have this following:
Indicate specific issue causing delays
List of activities from project schedule being affected by the aforementioned issue
Exact amount of time being requested specifying working days or calendar days
Sketches, photographs, or pictures
Recommendations being given to Contract Administrator
Indicate the actions the contractor has taken to avoid or minimize other delays
Alternative solutions presented to Contract Administrator
Time extension requests are normally claimed due to the following circumstances:
New or Extra Work not included in the original scope or contract

Unusual or adverse weather conditions
Variation order
Lack of manpower
Shortage/Unavailability of materials
84
85
86
Problems Encountered
In a construction project although every action or activity is thoughtfully planned, still,
problems and delays occurred. Problems in the surroundings, setting up the formworks, pouring
of concrete, placing of reinforced bars and finishing should be considered to come up with a
good project. During our on-the-job training on Orchard Residences, we encountered different
kinds of problems and these are:
One of the major problems that we encountered is the honeycombs. As we can see in the
picture there are hollow spaces and cavities left in concrete mass on surface or inside the
concrete mass where concrete could not reach. These look like honey bees nest.
Honeycomb is due to non-reaching of concrete to all places due to which cavities and
hallow pockets are created, main reasons are:
1. Improper vibration during concrete.
2. Less cover to reinforcement bars.
3. Use of very stiff concrete (this can be avoided by controlling water as
per slump test).
4. Places like junction of beam to beam to column and to one or more beams
are the typical spots where honey combs are observed. This is due to
jumbling of reinforcement of beams and column rods at one place; special
attention is required at such place during concreting and vibrating.
5. Presence of more percentage of bigger size of aggregate in concrete also
prevents concrete to fill narrow spaces between the reinforcement rods.
Honeycomb in the Concrete
Corrective Action:
Due to the hallow spaces and cavities the concreting engineer recommend to apply an
epoxy injection to fill up the hallow spaces and cavities.
87
88
Another major problem, the ground and second floor exceeds the property line on one
side of the building which occupied the property line of the neighboring structure.
Property Line of the Project
Corrective action:
Group of surveyor was hired to investigate. After getting and analysing the data, there is
a need to demolish the parts that exceeds the property line. This is also known as
rectification methodology.
89
Another problem, the construction induced property damage on one of its neighbour.
Their neighbours are also complaining about the noise and dust pollution that they are
producing. Their neighbours are schools, church and hospitals. This is also one of the
problems that need to be considered.
Corrective action:
The owner, contractor and management of Orchard Residences set a formal meeting with
the said establishment to fix the problem.

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GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

The Orchard Residences

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Brief description of the project

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Perspective of the Project

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Inspection of Alignment and Grading

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Delivered Rebars from Suppliers

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Beam Stirrups and Column Ties

Scaffolding of Beams and Slabs

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Strong Floor with Scaffoldings

Column Rebars Installation

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

b. Formworks System and Installation

EFCO Formworks System for Columns

EFCO Formworks System for Beams/Girders and Slabs

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Scaffoldings for Beams/Girders and Slabs

c. Beam Rebars and Stirrups Installation

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Proper placement of Rebars and Shear Reinforcements in beams and girders

Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing ducts installation

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

e. Rebar Installation for Slabs

Rebar Installation in Slabs

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Pumpcrete pipe placing prior to pouring of concrete

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Inspection of Rebar Count, Spacing, and Placement

Plumbness and Squareness Inspection

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Beam and Slab Rebars Inspection

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Project Quality Management

QA testing will be performed by or under supervision of the QC staff to validate the

The need for QA testing shall be based on the following considerations.

Importance of the items as to its reliability, etc.

Deficiencies are discovered.

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

General Procedure for Sampling & Testing

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Slump Test is a test of workability or measurement

They put plastic bag on the sample concrete for the

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Design Strength for 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day

The actual testing of Concrete held at Matest Bambang,

Actual Testing of Concrete

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Actual Test Result of Sample Concrete

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Steel Reinforcement Bars

Steel Reinforcements Bar Sample

GOLDEN FORTUNE TECHNO-BUILT INC.

Actual Test Result