UNIX

1. Purpose of 'PS' command and its Columns?

- To display process status of all the process
Currently running in the
System.
- Columns include UID,PID,PPID,STATUS,COMMAND,TTY,
TIME.
- STATUS include S - sleeping, R - Running,
I Intermediate.
2. The significance of '&' at the end of any command?
- To make it run as a background process.
3. Process- ID of the kernel Process?
- 0 (Zero).
4. What will the following command do?
$ echo *
- similar to 'ls' command displays all the files in
the current
directory.
5. Number of prompts available in a UNIX system ?
- Two prompts, PS1 (Primary Prompt), PS2 (Secondary
Prompt).
6. Name the data structure used to maintain file
identification?
- inode.
- Each file has a separate inode & inode number.
7. Define Daemon Process?
- A background process that is often performs some
system wide functions,
like housekeeping works like flushing out kernel buffer
after stipulated amount of time like SYNC Daemon at every
30 seconds.
8. Purpose of CRON daemon?
- To schedule the processes
running in the system.

that

are

currently

- They can schedule a process to be executed at a

particular time using
'AT' Command.
9. Working of 'FINGER','NICE' and 'TOUCH' command?
- 'FINGER' displays information about all the users
logged in.
- 'NICE' sets priority of a process range of the
NICE value 0 - 39.
- 'TOUCH' creates empty files as specified & can also
used to change a
file's modified time without modifying the file.
10. What is a Zombie process?
- A process that has executed the exit() system call and
no longer exists, but which leaves a record containing an
exit code and some timing statistics for its parent to
collect. The Zombie state is the final state of process.
11. What is a sticky bit?
- A sticky bit is bit that can be set for a file or a
directory.
- For a file if sticky bit is on the file once accessed
remain present in the swap area and further request for
that file can be serviced from the copy in the swap area.
Example the frequently used application like editor.
- For a directory if sticky bit is on it is not possible
to delete or
rename a file in that directory unless by an owner or
supervisor.
12. True or False
Link command changes the file
system hierarchy in to graph
structure.
- True
13. UNIX is a multithreading Operating system?
Yes
14. Difference between fork () and exec () system call?

- fork () create a new process called child, and it has a

new process-ID fork () returns zero to the child process
and the PID of the child to the parent.
- exec () system call creates a process in the same
address space there
by the parent process no longer
exists, so there is no change in the
process ID of the new process.
15. What happens if
$ (sleep 300; echo Tea is ready...Move to
canteen)
- The process sleeps for 5 minutes and displays
the message.
- The ';'is the delimiter for the commands in
the command line.
16. Purpose of 'df' command
- displays the free space in the current mounted file
system.
17. Name give to the first block in a file ?
- Super block.
18. Difference between library function and system calls?
System calls are C functions that directly access
the kernel routines.
Library function is also a C function that in turn
calls the system call
to accomplish a task.
19. Default number of directories present already in a
newly created sub-directory ?
- Two.
- one the current directory and another link to
its Parent
directory.
20. Two types of device files?
- Character device file and Block device file.
21. Purpose of 'nohup' command ?

- A set of processes are preceded by the command

nohup along with a
o/p file.
- Even if the user is logged off the process is
not killed the
resulted is evaluated and stored in output
file.
22. What is IFS ?
An
Environment
variable
specifying
the
internal field separator.
- Default IFS is ';'.
- We can change the IFS by IFS=any valid
character.
23. Command to display a file varied format?
$od -cbd file_name
c - character, b - binary (octal), d-decimal
od=Octal Dump.
24. Process scheduling policy in UNIX ?
pre-emptive scheduling.
25. Process scheduling algorithm in UNIX ?
Multi level Feed-back Algorithm.