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1 - INTRODUCTION
2 - CHARACTERISTICS
. Appearance
: approx. 1.06
. pH (neat)
: >12
. Solubility
: any ratio
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In each distillation unit, the heat flux is transmitted through a tube bundle.
The exchange coefficients must be the best possible and should not decrease during operation.
Factors affecting thermal exchange are the presence of uncondensable gas (CO2) in the steam
produced and the formation of scale in the tube bundle, especially in the brine heaters.
SCALE FORMATION
CO3 Ca
+ CO2
+ H2O
The CO2 formed during this reaction increases the pH which is favourable to the formation of
magnesium hydroxyde.
Mg 2+ + 2 OH
Mg(OH)2
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gypsum
hemihydrate
anhydrite
The dominant form of precipitate depends on the temperature and the concentration.
A general rule :
Nature of precipitate
Ca CO3
Mg(OH)2
Ca SO4
Temperature of
precipitation start
60 - 70C
90C
105 - 110C
CHEMICAL CONDITIONING
There are three distinct periods in the precipitation process :
The latency period , know as germination. HYDROGAL 1133 extends this period and delays
precipitation ;
The crystal growth period. HYDROGAL 1133 has a certain effect on the reduction of this growth.
The precipitation equilibrium period. Under the effect of HYDROGAL 1133, this equilibrium will
be much better than the level reached without an inhibitor.
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HYDROGAL 1133 is adsorbed on the active sites of the first crystals which appear, thereby
disturbs the growth of crystalline structure.
The precipitate which is thus produced is an amorphic variety and has a very low scale forming
capacity but remains sufficiently fluidised to be eliminated with the brine bled from the system thus
preventing the formation of deposits at the bottom of the evaporator.
4 - DOSAGE - OPERATION
The doses used vary between 2 and 10 ppm depending on the individual case : threshold effect.
At infinetely small doses (several ppm), HYDROGAL 1133 has the property of delaying the
precipitation of insoluble salts.
Feeding of HYDROGAL 1133. should be accomplished by means of a metering pumps, featuring
proportional rate control, in concentrated form or after dilution with water.
5 - HANDLING PRECAUTIONS
Avoid contact with skin, eyes, mucous membranes and open wounds.
In case of an accidental contact, flush thoroughly with plenty of water.
Wear rubber protective gloves and glasses.
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