Cbse all india chem.

Set 1

General Instructions:
(i) All questions are compulsory
(ii) Question numbers 1 to 8 are very short-answer questions and carry 1 mark each.
(iii) Question numbers 9 to 18 are short-answer questions and carry 2 marks each.
(iv) Question numbers 19 to 27 are also short-answer questions and carry 3 marks.
(v) Question numbers 28 to 30 are long-answer questions and carry 5 marks each.
(vi) Use Log Tables, if necessary. Use of calculators is not allowed.
Question 1

Questions

Q1
What is the effect of temperature on chemisorption?
Solution:
High temperature favours the process of chemisorption. Hence, chemisorption
increases with increase in temperature.

Q2
What is the role of zinc metal in the extraction of silver?
Solution:
In the extraction of silver, zinc acts as a reducing agent.
2[Ag(CN)2](aq.) + Zn(s) 2Ag(s) + [Zn(CN)4]2(aq.)

Q3
What is the basicity of H3PO3?
Solution:
H3PO3 ionises to give two H+ ions. Thus, it is dibasic in nature.
H3PO3 2H+ + HPO23

Q4
Identify the chiral molecule in the following pair:

Solution:
A chiral molecule is the one which has a carbon atom bearing four different groups. In
the following pair of molecules, the chiral molecule is

Q5
Which of the following is a natural polymer?
Buna-S, protein, PVC
Solution:
Protein is a natural polymer.

Q6
The conversion of primary aromatic amines into diazonium salts is known as __________ .
Solution:
The conversion of primary aromatic amines into diazonium salts is known as diazotisation
reaction.

Q7
What are the products of hydrolysis of sucrose?
Solution:
Hydrolysis of sucrose gives glucose and fructose as products.

Q8
Write the structure of p-methylbenzaldehyde.
Solution:

Q9

An element with density 2.8 g cm3 forms of f.c.c. unit cell with edge length 4 108 cm.
Calculate the molar mass of the element.
(Given: NA = 6.022 1023 mol1)
Solution:
Given:
Edge length, a = 4 108 cm
Density, d = 2.8 g cm3
As the lattice is fcc type, the number of atoms per unit cell, z is 4.
Avogadro's number, NA = 6.022 1023 mol1

Molar mass can be calculated with the help of given relation:

d = zMa3NAM= da3NAz = 2.8 gcm3(4108 cm)36.0221023 mol14

= 26.98 gmol1

27 gmol1

Therefore, molar mass of the element is approximately 27 gmol1.

Q10
(i) What type of non-stoichiometric point defect is responsible for the pink colour of LiCl?
(ii) What type of stoichiometric defect is shown by NaCl?
OR
How will you distinguish between the following pairs of terms:
(i) Tetrahedral and octahedral voids
(ii) Crystal lattice and unit cell

Solution:
(i) The metal excess defect caused by anionic vacancies is responsible for the pink
colour of LiCl.
(ii) The Schottky defect is found in NaCl. In this defect, an equal number of cations and
anions are missing from their regular sites.
OR
(i) Tetrahedral void: A void surrounded by four spheres is called a tetrahedral void.
Octahedral void: A void surrounded by six spheres is called an octahedral void.
(ii) Crystal lattice: A crystal lattice is a diagrammatic representation of the constituent
particles such as atoms, ions and molecules of a crystal in a regular three-dimensional
arrangement.
Unit cell: A unit cell is the smallest three-dimensional portion of a crystal lattice. When it
is repeated in different directions, it generates the entire crystal lattice.

Q11
State Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of ions. Why does the conductivity of a
solution decrease with dilution?
Solution:
Kohlrausch's law of independent migration of ions: It states that the limiting molar
conductivity of an electrolyte can be represented as the sum of the individual
contributions of its anion and cation.
Conductivity of a solution decreases with dilution because it leads to decrease in
number of ions per unit volume.

Q12
For a chemical reaction R P, the variation in the concentration (R) vs. time (t) plot is given as

(i) Predict the order of the reaction.

(ii) What is the slope of the curve?
Solution:
(i) The variation in the concentration (R) vs. time (t) plot shown here represents a zero
order reaction, for which the rate of the reaction is proportional to zero power of the
concentration of the reactants.
(ii) For a zero order reaction, rate constant is given as
k = [R]o [R]t
So, the slope of the curve for the variation in the concentration (R) vs. time (t) plot is
equal to the negative of the rate constant for the reaction.

Q13
Explain the principle of the method of electrolytic refining of metals. Give one example.
Solution:
Principle of electrolytic refining: An impure anode of the metal is dissolved
electrolytically and the metal deposited on a pure cathode. Impurities less noble than
this metal stay in solution, in accordance with the electrochemical series, and those
more noble are precipitated near the anode as anode mud.
Example: Pure aluminium is obtained from aluminium ore by the electrolytic refining
method.

Q14
Complete the following equations:
(i) P4 + H2O
(ii) XeF4 + O2F2
Solution:
The compete equations are:
(i) P4 + H2O No reaction
(ii) XeF4 + O2F2 XeF6 + O2

Q15

Draw the structures of the following:

(i) XeF2
(ii) BrF3
Solution:
(i) XeF2

(ii) BrF3

Q16
Write the equations involved in the following reactions:
(i) Reimer Tiemann reaction
(ii) Williamson synthesis
Solution:
(i) Reimer Tiemann reaction

(ii) Williamson synthesis

Q17
Write the mechanism of the following reaction:

CH3CH2OH HBrCH3CH2Br+H2O
Solution:
Mechanism of the given reaction is the following:

Q18
Write the names of monomers used for getting the following polymers:
(i) Bakelite
(ii) Neoprene
Solution:
(i) Monomers of Bakelite: Phenol and formaldehyde
(ii) Monomer of Neoprene: Chloroprene

Q19
(a) Calculate rG for the reaction
Mg (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Cu (s)
Given : Ecell = + 271 V, 1 F = 96500 C mol1
(b) Name the type of cell which was used in Apollo space programme for providing electrical
power.
Solution:
(a) For the cell reaction,
Mg (s) + Cu2+ (aq) Mg2+ (aq) + Cu (s)
Ecell = + 271 V
The change in the standard Gibbs free energy is given as:
rG = nFEcell = 2965002.71 = -523030 Jmol1

b) The fuel cell which uses the reaction of hydrogen with oxygen to form water was used in
Apollo space programme for providing electrical power.

Q20
The following data were obtained during the first order thermal decomposition of SO2Cl2 at a
constant volume :
SO2Cl2 (g) SO2 (g) + Cl2 (g)
Experiment
Time/s1
Total pressure/atm
1
0
04
2
100
07
Calculate the rate constant.
(Given : log 4 = 06021, log 2 = 03010)
Solution:
The thermal decomposition of SO2Cl2 at a constant volume is represented by the
following equation:

After time t, total pressure is given as,

Pt = P 0 + p
which on rearrangement gives:
p = P t P0

= 2P0 Pt
For a first-order reaction,

t = 100 s

k=2.303100log0.420.40.7= 1.386102 s1

Q21
What are emulsions? What are their different types? Give one example of each type.
Solution:
Emulsions are the liquidliquid colloidal systems, obtained on mixing two immiscible or
partially miscible liquids.
There are two types of emulsions.
(1) Oil dispersed in water type (O/W) : Here water is the dispersion medium, e.g. milk.

(2) Water dispersed in oil type (W/O) : Here oil is the dispersion medium, e.g. butter.

Q22
Give reasons for the following:
(i) (CH3)3P = O exists but (CH3)3N = O does not.
(ii) Oxygen has less electron gain enthalpy with negative sign than sulphur.
(iii) H3PO2 is a stronger reducing agent than H3PO3.
Solution:
(i) N atom cannot expand its covalency beyond four due to absence of low lying
vacant d- orbitals, whereas P atom possesses low lying vacant d- orbitals. As a
result, (CH3)3P = O exists but (CH3)3N = O does not.
(ii) Due to small size and compact nature of the oxygen atom, the incoming electron is
not accommodated with ease. As a result, oxygen has less electron gain enthalpy with
negative sign than sulphur.
(iii) Greater the number of elementhydrogen (EH) bonds present in a compound,
greater is the reducing nature of the compound. H3PO2 has two PH bonds while
H3PO3 has one PH bond. Thus, H3PO2 is a stronger reducing agent than H3PO3.

Q23
(i) Write the IUPAC name of the complex [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]Cl.
(ii) What type of isomerism is exhibited by the complex [Co(en)3]3+?
(en = ethane-1,2-diamine)
(iii) Why is [NiCl4]2 paramagnetic but [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic?
(At. nos. : Cr = 24, Co = 27, Ni = 28)
Solution:
(i) The IUPAC name of the complex [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]Cl is
Tetraamminedichlorochromium(III) chloride.
(ii) The complex [Co(en)3]3+ exhibits optical isomerism. Its optical isomers are shown
below.

(iii) In [NiCl4]2, the oxidation state of Ni is +2. Chloride is a weak field ligand and does
not cause pairing up of electrons against the Hund's rule of maximum multiplicity. As a
result, two unpaired electrons are present in the valence d-orbitals of Ni which impart
paramagnetic character to the complex. On the other hand, carbonyl is a strong field
ligand and causes pairing up of electrons against the Hund's rule of maximum

multiplicity. As a result, no unpaired electrons are present and hence, the complex is
diamagnetic.

Q24
(a) Draw the structures of major monohalo products in each of the following reactions :

(i)

(ii)
(b) Which halogen compound in each of the following pairs will react faster in S N2
reaction:
(i) CH3Br or CH3I
(ii) (CH3)3CCl or CH3Cl
Solution:
(a)

(b)
(i) CH3I will react faster in SN2 reaction than CH3Br. This is because I is a better leaving group,
owing to its greater size than Br. As a result, it will leave at a faster rate in the presence of an
incoming nucleophile.
(ii) CH3Cl will react faster in SN2 reaction than (CH3)3 CCl, as CH3Cl is a primary halide
whereas (CH3)3CCl is a tertiary halide. Primary halides undergo SN2 reactions faster.

Q25
Account for the following:
(i) Primary amines (R-NH2) have higher boiling point than tertiary amines (R3N).
(ii) Aniline does not undergo Friedel - Crafts reactions:
(iii) (CH3)2NH is more basic than (CH3)3N in an aqueous solution.
OR
Give the structures of A, B and C in the following reactions:

(i) C6H5NO2

H2O

Sn + HCl

A 273 K

NaNO2 + HCl

(ii) CH3CN

H2O/H+ A

NH3

Br2+KOH

Solution:
(i) The greater the extent of intermolecular hydrogen bonding, greater is the boiling point of the
compound. Primary amines are involved in intermolecular hydrogen bonding, whereas tertiary
amines do not have any available hydrogen atoms, and hence they are not involved in any
intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Thus, primary amines (R-NH2) have higher boiling point than
tertiary amines (R3N).
(ii) A Friedel-Crafts reaction is carried out in the presence of a lewis acid such as AlCl3. Aniline
being basic in nature reacts with AlCl3 to form a salt (as shown in the following equation).

Due to the positive charge on the N-atom, electrophilic substitution in the benzene ring is
deactivated. Hence, aniline does not undergo the Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(iii) The order of basic strength of aliphatic amines in aqueous phase, is based on following
factors:
o Steric factor: Alkyl group is larger than hydrogen atom that causes steric hindrance to
attack of acid. As the number of alkyl group increases from primary to tertiary. The steric
hindrance also increases in the same direction.
o Solvation of ions: when amines are dissolved in water, they form hydrogen bonds with
water molecule and release hydration energy; in the process converting themselves to the
protonated amines to get stabilized. Greater the extent of hydrogen bonding, greater is the
hydration energy released and more is the stability of the protonated amine; thus greater
is the tendency of the amine to form cation leading to greater basic strength of the amine.
So, the actual order of basic strength in aqeuous phase is found to be:
Secondary > Tertiary > Primary
Therefore, secondary amines are strongest base in aqueous solution.
OR
(i)

(ii)

Q26
Define the following terms as related to proteins:
(i) Peptide linkage
(ii) Primary structure
(iii) Denaturation
Solution:
(i) Peptide linkage: It is the amide formed between the COOH and NH2 groups of two
amino acid molecules.

(ii) Primary structure of proteins: Proteins contain one or more polypeptide chains and

each chain has amino acids linked with each other in a specific sequence. This
sequence of amino acids represents the primary structure of proteins.
(iii) Denaturation: It is the loss of biological activity of proteins because of some physical
changes like changes in pH and temperature, due to which the unfolding of globules
and the uncoiling of helix take place.
Examples: Coagulation of egg white on boiling and curdling of milk

Q27
On the occasion of World Health Day, Dr. Satpal organized a 'health camp' for the poor
farmers living in a nearby village. After check-up, he was shocked to see that most of
the farmers suffered from cancer due to regular exposure to pesticides and many were
diabetic. They distributed free medicines to them. Dr. Satpal immediately reported the
matter to the National Human Rights Commission (NHRC). On the suggestions of
NHRC, the government decided to provide medical care, financial assistance, setting up
of super-speciality hospitals for treatment and prevention of the deadly disease in the
affected villages all over India.
(i) Write the values shown by
(a) Dr. Satpal
(b) NHRC
(ii) What type of analgesics are chiefly used for the relief of pains of terminal cancer?
(iii) Give an example of artificial sweetener that could have been recommended to
diabetic patients.
Solution:
(i) (a) Dr. Satpal organized a health camp for poor families in a village. This shows that
he is an altruist.
(b) NHRC realised its responsibility and initimated government on the health issue of
villagers and suggested immediate actions to be taken by the government.
(ii) Narcotic analgesics are chiefly used for the relief of pains of terminal cancer.
(iii) Saccharin is an artificial sweetener which could be recommended to diabetic
patients.

Q28
(a) Define the following terms :
(i) Molarity
(ii) Molal elevation constant (Kb)
(b) A solution containing 15 g urea (molar mass = 60 g mol1) per litre of solution in
water has the same osmotic pressure (isotonic) as a solution of glucose (molar mass =
180 g mol1) in water. Calculate the mass of glucose present in one litre of its solution.
OR
(a) What type of deviation is shown by a mixture of ethanol and acetone? Give reason.
(b) A solution of glucose (molar mass = 180 g mol1) in water is labelled as 10% (by

mass). What would be the molality and molarity of the solution?

(Density of solution = 1.2 g mL1)
Solution:
(a)
(i) Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute present in one litre
of the solvent.
(ii) Molal elevation constant (Kb) is defined as the elevation in boiling point of a solution
when one mole of a non volatile solute is dissolved in one kilogram of a volatile solvent.
(b) Osmotic pressure = CRT = n2VRT
where n is the number of moles of solute present in volume V of solvent.
It is given that the solution of urea is isotonic with the solution of glucose, thus
nGlucoseVRT = nUreaVRTnGlucoseVRT = 1560VRTwGlucoseMGlucose = 1560wGlucose = 1
560 MGlucose = 1560180 = 45 g
Hence, the mass of glucose present in one litre of its solution = 45 g

OR
(a) A mixture of ethanol and acetone shows positive deviation from Raoult's Law. Pure ethanol
possesses hydrogen bonding. Introduction of acetone between the molecules of ethanol results in
breaking of some of these hydrogen bonds. Due to weakening of interactions, the solution shows
positive deviation from Raoults law.
(b)
10% by mass solution of glucose in water means that 10 g of glucose in present in 100
g of the solution i.e., 10 g of glucose is present in (100 10) g = 90 g of water.
Molar mass of glucose (C6H12O6) = 180 g mol1
Then, number of moles of glucose

= 0.056 mol

Molality of solution
= 0.62 m
If the density of the solution is 1.2 g mL1, then the volume of the 100 g solution can be
given as:

Molarity of the solution

Q29
(a) Complete the following equations :
(i) Cr2O72 + 2OH

= 0.67 M

(ii) MnO4

+ 4H+ + 3e

(b) Account for the following :

(i) Zn is not considered as a transition element.
(ii) Transition metals form a large number of complexes.
(iii) The E value for the Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more positive than that for
Cr3+/Cr2+ couple.
OR
(i) With reference to structural variability and chemical reactivity, write the differences
between lanthanoids and actinoids.
(ii) Name a member of the lanthanoid series which is well known to exhibit +4 oxidation
state.
(iii) Complete the following equation :
MnO4 + 8H+ + 5e
(iv) Out of Mn3+ and Cr3+, which is more paramagnetic and why?
(Atomic nos. : Mn = 25, Cr = 24)
Solution:
(a) The balanced chemical equations are the following:
(i) Cr2O27 + 2OH 2CrO24 + H2O
(ii) MnO4

+ 4H+ + 3e MnO2 + 2H2O

(b)
(i) Zinc has the stable filled valence shell d10 electronic configuration in its ground state
as well as in its most common oxidation state of +2. Hence, it is not considered as a
transition element.
(ii) Ions formed by transition metals have small sizes and high ionic charges. Also they
possess vacant d-orbitals to accommodate lone pairs of electrons for bond formation.
As a result transition metals form a large number of complexes.
(iii) The E value for the Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more positive than that
for Cr3+/Cr2+ couple. This is because Mn2+ ion is particularly stable due to extra stability of
its half filled valence electronic configuration (d5). Thus Mn3+ ion has a very high
tendency to gain an electron and form the much more stable Mn2+ ion.
OR
(i) The differences between lanthanoids and actinoids, with reference to structural
variability and chemical reactivity, are as follows:
a) Actinoids has far greater irregularities in metallic radii than lanthanoids, as a result
actinoids display a variety of structures.
b) The ionisation enthalpies of the early actinoids is lower than those of the early
lanthanoids.
c) Actinoids are more reactive and have more complex magnetic properties than
lanthanoids.
(ii) Cerium is the lanthanoid element which is well known to exhibit +4 oxidation state.

(iii) The complete equation is as follows:

MnO4 + 8H+ + 5eMn2+ + 4H2O
(iv) Mn3+ has four unpaired electrons (d4) in its valence shell whereas Cr3+ (d3) has three
unpaired electrons. Thus, Mn3+ is more paramagnetic than Cr3+.

Q30
(a) Write the products formed when CH3CHO reacts with the following reagents:
(i) HCN
(ii) H2NOH
(iii) CH3CHO in the presence of dilute NaOH
(b) Give simple chemical tests to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds:
(i) Benzoic acid and Phenol
(ii) Propanal and Propanone
OR
(a) Account for the following:
(i) ClCH2COOH is a stronger acid than CH3COOH.
(ii) Carboxylic acids do not give reactions of carbonyl group.
(b) Write the chemical equations to illustrate the following name reactions:
(i) Rosenmund reduction
(ii) Cannizzaro's reaction
(c) Out of CH3CH2COCH2CH3 and CH3CH2CH2COCH3, which gives iodoform
test?
Solution:
(a)
(i) Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) reacts with hydrogen cyanide HCN to give 2Hydroxypropapanenitrile as product.

(ii) Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) reacts with Hydroxylamine (NH2OH) to give acetaldoxime

as a product.

(iii) Reaction of acetaldehyde with acetaldehyde in the presence of dilute NaOH, this is
the kind of Aldol reaction by which obtained 3-hydroxybutanal as product. Further

proceed reaction when using heat in the reaction, its gives aldol condensation product
which is But-2-enal.

(b) Chemical tests to distinguish the following compounds:

(i) Benzoic acid and Phenol : Benzoic acid and phenol can be distinguish by FeCl 3 tests.
Both reacts with FeCl3 to give different colours. Phenol reacts with FeCl3 to give violet
coloured precipitate while benzoic acid give buff coloured precipitate.

3C6H5OH + FeCl3(C6H5O)3Fe + 3HClPhenol

Violet
colour3C6H5COOH + FeCl3(C6H5COO)3Fe + 3HClBenzoic acid
Buff colour
(ii) Propanal and Propanone : These two are distinguished by the iodoform
test.propanal does not give iodoform test when it reacts with I 2 in the presence of NaOH
while propanone give iodoform test when reacts with I2 in the presence of NaOH.

CH3COCH3 + 3NaOICHI3 + CH3COONa + 2NaOHPropanone

Yellow
pptCH3CH2OH + NaOINo
ppt of CH3I formed
OR

(a)
(i) Cl-CH2COOH is a stronger acid than CH3COOH :
Substitution of electron withdrawing group on carboxylic acid affect the acidity of the
carboxylic acid. Chlorine is a electron withdrawing group and its increase the acidity of
carboxylic acids by stabilising the conjugate base due to delocalisation of the negative
charge by resonance effects.
Chloroacetic acid ( Cl-CH2COOH) pKa value is equal to 2.7, while pKa value of acetic
acid (CH3COOH) is equal to 4.7.

(ii) In carboxylic acid presence of lone pairs of electrons on oxygen which are involves
in resonance due to this the electrophilic character of carbon in carboxylic acid
decreases. So due to such reason carboxylic acid does not show the characteristic
reaction of the carbonyl group.

(b)
(i)

(ii)

(c)
Pentan-2-one (CH3-CH2-CH2-CO-CH3) give yellow precipitate of CHI3 with NaOI, thats
means it gives iodoform test.
CH3-CH2-CH2-CO-CH3 + 3NaOI CHI3 + CH3CH2COONa + 2NaOH
Yellow
ppt.
Pentan-3-one (CH3-CH2-CO-CH2-CH3) does not give yellow precipitate with CHI3 with
NaOI, so Pentan-3-one does not give iodoform test.