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CLEAN COKE PROCESS: FLUID-BED
CARBONIZATION OF ILLINOIS COAL
U. S. Steel Corporation
Research Laboratory
Monroeville, Pa. 15146
1
r
Figure 1
\ Bench-Scale C a r b o n i z a t i o n R e a c t o r
For t h i s work, a s p e c i a l p r e s s u r i z e d r e a c t o r w a s d e s i g n e d
and f a b r i c a t e d t o p e r m i t c a r b o n i z a t i o n - d e s u l f u r i z a t i o n of c o a l i n a
c l o s e d loop w i t h r e c y c l e of g a s under p r e s s u r e . The b e n c h - s c a l e u n i t ,
shown i n F i g u r e 2 , h a s a t e m p e r a t u r e l i m i t of 1400 F ( 7 6 0 C) and a p r e s -
s u r e l i m i t of 1 4 0 p s i a . The r e a c t o r s e c t i o n i s c o n s t r u c t e d of 3-inch,
Schedule 4 0 , Type 316 s t a i n l e s s - s t e e l p i p e i n t h e f l u i d - b e d r e g i o n
and expands t o 6-inch p i p e above t h e f l u i d bed. A perforated stainless-
s t e e l p l a t e s e r v e s b o t h a s a g a s - d i s t r i b u t o r p l a t e and as t h e bed
s u p p o r t . The f l u i d i z i n g g a s i s h e a t e d by a n e l e c t r i c h e a t e r and t h e
e x t e r n a l h e a t e r windings on t h e r e a c t o r s e c t i o n . The h o t g a s l e a v i n g
t h e r e a c t o r i s c l e a n e d o f any c o a l o r c h a r p a r t i c l e s by t h e Pyrex-wool
f i l t e r . A f t e r removal o f t h e s o l i d s , heavy o i l s a r e condensed from t h e
g a s i n a w a t e r - c o o l e d t a r t r a p , and l i g h t e r o i l s a r e condensed i n a
d r y - i c e t r a p . Hydrogen s u l f i d e i s removed by t h e H2S a b s o r b e r ,
\ which c o n s i s t s of a 2-inch s t a i n l e s s - s t e e l U t u b e packed w i t h Molecular
S i e v e s . G a s f l o w i s monitored by f l o w meters, and t h e g a s is r e c y c l e d
by a n a i r - d r i v e n Haskel AGD-4-C d o u b l e - a c t i n g , s i n g l e - s t a g e g a s b o o s t e r
pump. A s a d d i t i o n a l g a s i s g e n e r a t e d d u r i n g a c a r b o n i z a t i o n , a c o n s t a n t
p r e s s u r e i s m a i n t a i n e d by means of a g a s a c c u m u l a t o r . Water i s r e l e a s e d
from t h e g a s a c c u m u l a t o r , t h e r e b y i n c r e a s i n g t h e volume of t h e system;
no g a s i s v e n t e d . Recycled g a s i s a n a l y z e d f o r hydrogen, methane, and
c a r b o n monoxide by a G r e e n b r i e r p r o c e s s g a s chromatograph, which i s
permanently c o n n e c t e d t o t h e c a r b o n i z e r .
Experimental P r o c e d u r e
,\
A t y p i c a l t e s t c o n s i s t e d o f c h a r g i n g t h e r e a c t o r w i t h 1 kg
\ o f c o a l o r a b l e n d of 400 g of r e c y c l e c h a r and 4 0 0 g of c o a l ; t h i s
gave a n expanded bed h e i g h t , d u r i n g f l u i d i z a t i o n , of a b o u t 1 8 i n c h e s .
A s y n t h e t i c m i x t u r e of hydrogen, methane, and c a r b o n monoxide (approx-
i m a t e l y t h e s t e a d y - s t a t e r e c y c l e - g a s c o m p o s i t i o n ) w a s added t o t h e
reactor t o t h e d e s i r e d t e s t p r e s s u r e , and t h e g a s f l o w r a t e w a s
a d j u s t e d t o g i v e a s u p e r f i c i a l g a s v e l o c i t y of a b o u t 1 . 2 f e e t p e r
second i n t h e r e a c t o r . The r e c y c l e g a s and t h e reactor w e r e t h e n
h e a t e d t o t h e d e s i r e d t e m p e r a t u r e , and the f l u i d bed was m a i n t a i n e d
a t t h a t temperature f o r t h e specified r e s i d e n c e t i m e . A f t e r t h e
r e a c t o r c o o l e d , t h e r e a c t i o n p r o d u c t s w e r e removed and a n a l y z e d .
P r o d u c t water w a s s e p a r a t e d from t h e c a r b o n i z a t i o n t a r by
c e n t r i f u g a t i o n t o a l l o w d e t e r m i n a t i o n of t h e t y p e s and amounts of
p r o d u c t s a v a i l a b l e from t h e c a r b o n i z a t i o n tar. The t a r was d i s t i l l e d
a t a p r e s s u r e o f 2 0 0 t o r r by u s i n g a Vigreux column 2.5 c m i n d i a m e t e r
36
by 25 cm long. T h r e e f r a c t i o n s w e r e o b t a i n e d : (1) a c h e m i c a l o i l ,
d i s t i l l i n g t o 385 F (195 C ) ; ( 2 ) a middle o i l , d i s t i l l i n g a t 385 t o
635 F (195 to 335 C); and (3) a heavy o i l ( r e s i d u e ) , d i s t i l l i n g above
635 F. The c h e m i c a l o i l w a s f u r t h e r r e s o l v e d i n t o a t a r - a c i d f r a c t i o n ,
a t a r - b a s e f r a c t i o n , and a n e u t r a l - o i l f r a c t i o n by e x t r a c t i o n w i t h
aqueous caustic a n d acid.
R e s u l t s of T y p i c a l C a r b o n i z a t i o n o f I l l i n o i s C o a l
A t y p i c a l c a r b o n i z a t i o n of t h e c o a l f e e d s t o c k r e s u l t e d i n
removal of 80 p e r c e n t o f t h e c o n t a i n e d s u l f u r and g a v e t h e f o l l o w i n g
y i e l d o f products, i n weight p e r c e n t o f t h e charge: c h a r , 66.4; t a r ,
13.9; g a s , 1 4 . 6 ; and water, 5.1. These r e s u l t s were o b t a i n e d w i t h a
p r e o x i d i z e d f e e d coal and w i t h t h e c a r b o n i z e r o p e r a t e d a t 1365 F
( 7 4 0 C ) and a p r e s s u r e o f 80 psia f o r a 30-minute r e s i d e n c e t i m e .
E f f i c i e n c y o f s u l f u r removal i s i l l u s t r a t e d by t h e r e d u c t i o n of s u l f u r
c o n t e n t i n t h e s o l i d materials from 1.7 p e r c e n t i n t h e c o a l to 0 . 5 per-
c e n t i n the char product.
I
F i g u r e 3 i l l u s t r a t e s stream f l o w and p r o d u c t d i s t r i b u t i o n
i n a t y p i c a l c a r b o n i z a t i o n test. E x p e r i m e n t a l l y , t h e y i e l d s of c h a r
and gas a r e r e a d i l y measured, b u t y i e l d o f l i q u i d s i s d i f f i c u l t t o
measure q u a n t i t a t i v e l y b e c a u s e o f m e c h a n i c a l problems i n removing
w a t e r and t a r f r o m t h e u n i t . C o n s e q u e n t l y , h a n d l i n g losses were
d i s t r i b u t e d p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y between water and t a r t o p r o v i d e o v e r -
a l l material balance.
R e s u l t s from a n a l y s i s of t h e c h a r p r o d u c t are p r e s e n t e d i n
T a b l e I , a l o n g w i t h c o r r e s p o n d i n g r e s u l t s f o r t h e f e e d c o a l . The
s u l f u r c o n t e n t of t h e c h a r ( 0 . 5 % ) i s s i g n i f i c a n t , s i n c e t h i s i n d i c a t e s
t h a t t h e c h a r c a n be c o n v e r t e d t o a coke p r o d u c t c o n t a i n i n g less than
0.5 p e r c e n t s u l f u r . Of t h e s u l f u r removed from t h e c o a l , a b o u t 85 per-
c e n t w a s c o n v e r t e d t o hydrogen s u l f i d e , and t h e rest w a s s e p a r a t e d a s
v o l a t i l e o r g a n i c s u l f u r compounds found m a i n l y i n t h e t a r .
To d e t e r m i n e i t s chemical c o m p o s i t i o n , t h e c a r b o n i z a t i o n
t a r w a s d i s t i l l e d t o d i v i d e it i n t o 20 p e r c e n t c h e m i c a l o i l , 37 p e r c e n t
middle o i l , and 43 p e r c e n t heavy o i l . The c h e m i c a l o i l w a s t h e n
e x t r a c t e d to s e p a r a t e t a r acids, tar bases, and n e u t r a l o i l , and
i n d i v i d u a l components were i d e n t i f i e d by g a s chromatography. By I
37
Table I
Proximate
Volatile matter 34.3 1.60
Fixed carbon 59.5 89.18
Ash 6.2 9.22
Ultimate
Carbon 75.48 86.58
Hydrogen 5.21 1.64
Nitrogen 1.72 1.27
Oxygen 9.71 1.52
Sulfur 1.74 0.50
Ash 6.14 8.49
Y
38
T a b l e I1
A n a l y s i s o f P r o d u c t Water From C a r b o n i z a t i o n
SCN- 1,171
CN - 74
so4 2,050
S= 562
NH3 33,320
Phenol 3,200
o-Cresol 700
m,p-Cresol 1,500
Xylenols 500
a l o n g w i t h r e s u l t s o b t a i n e d w i t h t h e 30-minute r e s i d e n c e t i m e , are
shown i n T a b l e 111. Gas c o m p o s i t i o n s and c h a r . y i e l d s w e r e v e r y s i m i l a r
f o r t h e two t e s t s ; t h e hydrogen c o n t e n t of t h e g a s w a s a b o u t 38 p e r c e n t ,
and t h e c h a r y i e l d w a s 66 p e r c e n t . The s u l f u r c o n t e n t of t h e c h a r
a t 0- and 30-minute r e s i d e n c e t i m e s w a s 0.73 and 0.51 p e r c e n t ,
respectively. The data i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e coal is d e v o l a t i l i z e d and
s i g n i f i c a n t l y d e s u l f u r i z e d d u r i n g t h e h e a t - u p p e r i o d . However,
i n c r e a s e d d e s u l f u r i z a t i o n o f t h e c h a r i s a c h i e v e d by t h e a d d i t i o n a l
residence t i m e a t t h e r e a c t i o n temperature.
Table I11
E f f e c t s of T i m e and Temperature o n
D e s u l f u r i z a t i o n o f Coal a t 80 p s i a
Fluidizing-Gas
Composition, m o l e %
H2 38 40 27
CH4 52 52
co 10 8 173
S u l f u r Content, w t %
Coal 1.76 1.76 1.76
Char 0.73 0.51 0.85
39
Table IV
Effect of Pressure on
Desulfurization of Coal at 1365 F
o f s o l i d p a r t i c l e s (coal or c h a r o r b o t h ) i n a f l o w i n g g a s s t r e a m .
Because a l l t h e p a r t i c l e s are i n motion, a f l u i d bed e x h i b i t s many
o f t h e p r o p e r t i e s of a b o i l i n g l i q u i d , i n c l u d i n g r a p i d h e a t t r a n s f e r
t h r o u g h o u t t h e mass ( 3 ) . A l s o , t h e f l u i d n a t u r e p e r m i t s c o n t i n u o u s
a d d i t i o n of f e e d and w i t h d r a w a l of p r o d u c t , which f a c i l i t a t e s c o n t i n - I
uous o p e r a t i o n . However, when a c a k i n g c o a l , s u c h a s I l l i n o i s N o . 6
seam coal, is h e a t e d t o a b o u t 750 F , t h e s o l i d p a r t i c l e s of c o a l be-
come p l a s t i c and s t i c k t o g e t h e r i n a n agglomerated mass t h a t d e s t r o y s
t h e f l u i d state. I
Agglomeration o f c a k i n g coals c a n be a v o i d e d by m i l d p r e -
o x i d a t i o n t o c h e m i c a l l y a l t e r t h e s u r f a c e of t h e c o a l p a r t i c l e s , or by
b l e n d i n g t h e c o a l w i t h a noncaking c h a r , which p h y s i c a l l y s e p a r a t e s
t h e softened c o a l p a r t i c l e s i n t h e p l a s t i c region (4,5).
T h e e f f e c t o f coal p r e o x i d a t i o n on d e s u l f u r i z a t i o n and t a r
c o m p o s i t i o n w a s d e t e r m i n e d by c a r b o n i z i n g u n o x i d i z e d and p r e o x i d i z e d
coal a t 1365 F and 80 p s i a . Unoxidized c o a l was c a r b o n i z e d w i t h a n
e q u a l amount of r e c y c l e c h a r t o a v o i d a g g l o m e r a t i o n . For c o n t r o l
p u r p o s e s , a sample o f t h e r e c y c l e c h a r w a s c a r b o n i z e d n e a t t o
e s t a b l i s h t h e e x t e n t o f d e s u l f u r i z a t i o n and g a s i f i c a t i o n t h a t o c c u r s
under c o n d i t i o n s o f t r e a t m e n t . The r e s u l t s o f t h e c o n t r o l t e s t ,
g i v e n i n T a b l e V, show a r e d u c t i o n i n s u l f u r c o n t e n t from 0.88 t o
0.49 p e r c e n t and a w e i g h t loss o f 1.2 p e r c e n t . The r e s u l t s o f t h e
t e s t w i t h a b l e n d o f u n o x i d i z e d c o a l and r e c y c l e char are a l s o
p r e s e n t e d i n Table V, ar?d show an a p p a r e n t 8 s p e r c e n t d e s u l f u r i z a t i o n .
On t h e assumption o f no i n t e r a c t i o n s between r e c y c l e c h a r and f e e d
coal, it is c a l c u l a t e d t h a t c h a r produced from t h e c o a l p o r t i o n o f
t h e c a r b o n i z e r f e e d s t o c k c o n t a i n e d o n l y 0.34 p e r c e n t r e s i d u a l s u l f u r .
Whether or n o t i n t e r a c t i o n s between c h a r and c o a l w e r e a c t u a l l y
occurring during carbonization, t h e char s u l f u r content w a s still a t
a low l e v e l and c e r t a i n l y d i d n o t exceed t h e 0.43 p e r c e n t v a l u e
d e t e r m i n e d f o r t h e t o t a l char.
o x i d i z e d c o a l a t 1365 F, 80 p s i a , and 30 m i n u t e s r e s i d e n c e t i m e i s
a l s o g i v e n i n T a b l e V. C a r b o n i z a t i o n of t h e u n o x i d i z e d coal gave
a p p a r e n t l y b e t t e r d e s u l f u r i z a t i o n , less c h a r , and more t a r t h a n
c a r b o n i z a t i o n of p r e o x i d i z e d coal; however, t h e s e r e s u l t s r e p r e s e n t
a s i n g l e s e t o f d a t a and may o n l y i n d i c a t e t h e e f f e c t of s m a l l v a r i a -
t i o n s i n r e a c t i o n t i m e and t e m p e r a t u r e .
Table ' V
Preoxidized Unoxidized
Coal Coal + Char Char
Yield Data, wt %
Char 66.4 61.3 98.8
Tar 12.2 15.5 -
Water 3.3 5.0 -
Gas + loss 18.2 18.2 1.2
Sulfur Analysis, wt %
Coal 1.76 1.79 -
Starting char - 0.88 0.88
Final char 0.51 0.43 0.49
F i g u r e 4 i s a summary of t h i s s t a g e d c a r b o n i z a t i o n and
i n c l u d e s t h e y i e l d of p r o d u c t a t e a c h s t a g e , c o r r e c t e d f o r losses.
The f i g u r e i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e y i e l d of semichar w a s 78.2 p e r c e n t of t h e
p r e o x i d i z e d f e e d i n t h e f i r s t s t a g e , a n d a b o u t 63 p e r c e n t of t h e v o l a -
t i l e m a t t e r was removed. The p r o d u c t c h a r f r o m t h e second s t a g e was
o b t a i n e d i n 66.9 p e r c e n t y i e l d o v e r a l l .
R e s u l t s o f p r o x i m a t e and u l t i m a t e a n a l y s e s f o r the o x i d i z e d
c o a l and t h e p r o d u c t s o f e a c h stage of c a r b o n i z a t i o n are p r e s e n t e d i n
Table V I . D e s u l f u r i z a t i o n was s i g n i f i c a n t d u r i n g t h e f i r s t s t a g e , a
d e c r e a s e i n s u l f u r c o n t e n t from 2.28 p e r c e n t t o 1.63 p e r c e n t . The
s u l f u r c o n t e n t o f t h e c h a r w a s 0.33 p e r c e n t . The n i t r o g e n c o n t e n t
v a r i e d f r o m 1.67 t o 2.05 t o 1 . 4 9 p e r c e n t , a n i n d i c a t i o n t h a t n i t r o g e n
compounds r e a c t i n t h e f i n a l c a r b o n i z a t i o n stage almost e x c l u s i v e l y .
Table V I
A n a l y s i s of P r o d u c t s of
S t a g e d C a r b o n i z a t i o n of C o a l
Partially
Devola-
Preoxidized ti.lized Carbonized
i
43
Coal
1 m 9 - Carbonization
at 1365 F & 60 psis
for 30 min
- Fluidizing
GRY
h
.
Figure 3
Carbonization
Volatile
Volatile
Matter
112.6 g
Carbonization
at 1380 F
669.4 g
11.66% VMI
Figure 4
44
References
FORMCOKE PREPARATION IN
CLEAN-COKE PROCESS
R. W. Shoenberger
Research Laboratory f
U. S. Steel Corporation
Monroeville, Pennsylvania 15146
The Clean-Coke P r o c e s s b e i n g d e v e l o p e d by U . S. S t e e l
u n d e r c o n t r a c t w i t h t h e U. S. Government ( E n e r g y R e s e a r c h and
1)*
Development A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ) h a s been d e s c r i b e d p r e v i o u s l y .
i m p o r t a n t p h a s e of t h e Clean-Coke p r o j e c t i s t h e a b i l i t y t o make
r e s i d u a l o i l s from t h e p r o c e s s . Of t h e v a r i o u s t y p e s of agglomera-
p r o d u c i n g a s u p e r i o r p r o d u c t a t the most r e a s o n a b l e c o s t by u s i n g
i n bench s c a l e s t u d i e s i s l o w i n d e n s i t y w i t h a l a r g e p e r c e n t a g e
o f cenospheres. Binder i s a v a i l a b l e i n l a r g e q u a n t i t i e s . An
a d v a n t a g e of p r o d u c i n g coke by s u c h a formcoke p r o c e s s i s t h e
r e d u c t i o n of p o l l u t i o n problems n o r m a l l y e n c o u n t e r e d i n t h e con-
c o l l e c t e d and r e t u r n e d t o b e p r o c e s s e d t h r o u g h a common s y s t e m .
A s a r e s u l t , atmospheric p o l l u t i o n is p r a c t i c a l l y non-existent.
Because t h e f l u i d - b e d char-making u n i t w a s n o t y e t
c o n s t r u c t e d t o p r o d u c e d e s u l f u r i z e d c h a r a t t h e t i m e t h e coke-
making p h a s e o f t h e p r o c e s s was i n i t i a t e d , c h a r w a s p r o d u c e d i n a
* See R e f e r e n c e s .
48
I
four-inch fluid-bed carbonizer using nitrogen as the fluidizing
gas. Also, simulated binder was used because a binder was not
available from the process in the quantity required for the coke-
coke properties.
Materials
char are shown in Figure 1. The coal and char were nominally
properties.
Pelletization
(300 - 350 F) solids feeding system wa6 used to study the pelleti-
zation of char fines with a heavy residual oil binder. The binder
was heated in a surge tank and sprayed on the solids to form the
work.
were produced from all test binders by regulating the disc condi-
tions, the temperature of the binder and the solids, and by changing
pellets made with fluxed coal extract. The reason for the need to
about 10 percent in the later runs. The pellets are soft as they
are discharged hot from the disc, but they can fall 3 to 6 feet
without changing their shape. When they cool they become hard and
Studies were conducted with coke fines and coal tar pitch
to provide multiple sprays and solid feeders for feeding the disc.
In short runs, 3.5 pounds per minute of plus 3/4-inch green pellets
pellets to fines during the heating period while the pellets were
the various methods that might be used for treating (curing) the
pellets.
inert gases to coke the pellets. The coked pellets have a good
1800 F. The normal yield obtained after driving off the volatiles 1
of the green pellets in both the pretreatment and coking steps is
coke properties.
53
I Type of Binder
the char was pulverized more finely. when the char containing
pellets are combined with 1/2 by 1/4 inch coke medium and then
2 hours. The cured pellets are then screened from the medium and
The test results are listed in Table VI. From these test data, it
can be concluded that these formcoke pellets will make a good blast
References
m m m
B B rl
m
B p P
# -
u-a
m a c r-
m
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Table VI
Properties of Formcoke
Tumbler Strength"
Porosity 50-1/2 48 47
Chemical Analysis
75-H-424 C O O 8 )
62
ILLINOIS COAL
CHAR
Photomicrographs showing t y p i c a l a p p e a r a n c e o f I l l i n o i s N o . 6
c o a l and t h e c h a r p r o d u c t from c o a l which i s u s e d t o make
Formcoke p e l l e t s . (V) V i t r i n o i d ( p r i n c i p a l c o a l e n t i t y ) ,
( C ) C h a r , (M) Mounting media, ( P ) P o r e s . Reflected l i g h t . X200
75-H-424(008) Figure 1
63
Figure 2
n
64
GASES TO WET
BLEEDER
SECONDARY
AUTOMATICALLY ADJUSTABLE
FLOW RATES ON NATURAL
GAS AND, COMBUSTION AIR
/
LEGEND
NITROGEN FOR
PURGE AND TC = MEASURING THERMOCOUPLE
ATMOSPHERE CTC = CONTROLLING THERMOCOUPLE
CONTROL TIC = TEMPERATURE-INDICATOR CONTROLLER
CV= CONTROL VALVE
FO = F LOW-MEASUR ING OR IFlCE
M= MANOMETER
R= ROTAMETER
Figure 3
... B
D .....
.".-a
A .....,.....
...--'.--
A. Coking K i l n
B. K i l n G a s Heater
C. Heater Control Panel
D. Kiln G a s Scrubber
E. P e l l e t S u r g e Hopper
F. K i l n A u x i l i a r y Burner
I 1 I 1 I I ' I I 1 1
0 200 400 600 800 1000
Figure 5
67
i
\
t Fcg 6. Ilhsmtion of equipment involved in the coke prepamtion during the Clean Coke Rocess
Broken Formcoke P e l l e t s Showing
F r a c t u r e Surfaces. X1.25
Formcoke P e l l e t P r o d u c t
75-H-424 ( 0 0 8 ) Figure 7
i
69
by
E. Ahland, J. Lehmann and W. Peters,
Bergbau-Forschung CmbH.,Essen
and
J. Langhoff,
Ruhrkohle A.G., Essen
!
12
i
\
74
(I
75
References
t pp. 445-448.
4 ) Ledent, P., G. Burton and M. Marcourt: D i e Entwicklung des I N I E X -
Verfahrens z u r Erzeugung von Formkoks. I n f o n n a t i o n s t a g u n g der EGKS,
Luxemburg , A p r i l 1970.
jCharmaking
I
I
r"
0
l- Mixing
Briquetting
.--1
I
C
Hot BriquMes
(&rmcokcl
Beqbou-
Scheme of BFL-Hot Briquetting Process
I ,9
E- Flue Oases
ProduclionGas
HeafingGos
"
Beqbau-
Brschung
h c e s s e s for Production of Fine-Gmined Char
I 5880
Figure 2
81
Eergbou- VT
Laboratory Hat Briquetling Equipment
=orschmg 5881
Figure 3
Bergbou- VT
Semi- Technmd Plants
brschung 5882
Figure 4
82
Rergbau-
Figure 5
5
c
&13t 30 - V T
D~mcnstrationPlan! Prosper
A--r>rPurg I 5884
Figure 6
. .. ,-
\
a 3 LR-Plant
5 Hot%iqurning Miirr
Beqbou-
5usdwng I Nowsheef of the Prosper P/anr
I V T
5865
Figure 7
Jnput Cool
Coal for Charmakino I I Windercod
Gas F w k o t i o n
Formcokc
Figure a
I
/
r,
I
84
BF
1975
I PROPERTIES OFBFL-HOT BRIOUETTES AN0 CONVENTIONAL COKE
1
I 5887
Figure 9
TEST 1 2 3 4 5 6
Year 1967 1969 1970 1970 1971 1973
Country BEL BRO BRD BRD GB BRO
Dio of Hearth-Casing..m 14 9 5 6.8 6.8 5.5 6.8
Tonnage ...................t 500 1350 2700 7000 2650 1150
PROPERTIES OF BRIOUETTES
Weight ..................... g 21 45 48 44 53 98
Volume ...................,cm3 26 49 55 51 58 106
~ ABRASION M10
[DIN 517171..............O/o 6.7 7.0 7.8 7.1 12 10A 1
Porosity ...................% 5 7 54 4 9 5 9 43 45
Bulk-Density ............Kg/m3 415 558 508 495 507 495
Vol.-Matter............... 2.5 1.9 7.1 1.7 6.0 9.2 i
BF BLAST FURNACE TESTS WITH HOT BRlOUEnES 5888
1975
Figure 10