Professor Aihua Xie

PHYS2014

Review 1 for the Final Exam of PHYS2014

By Professor Aihua Xie
(1) Explanation of clicker grades
(2) Calculation of the final grade
Assignments

(Max) Points

Abbreviation

Prelecture quizzes

80

PQ

In-class questions

80

IQ

Homework

100

HW

Labs

120

Labs

Recitation Attendance (bonus)

20

RA

Hourly exams (100 each)

300

HExam

Final Exam

320

FExam

Total points possible

1020

TP

We will use the highest grade you receive from the following calculations:
Method 1 (include all the exams):
Total points: TP1 = PQ + IQ + HW + Labs + RA + HExam + FExam
Method 2 (using the final exam only):
Total points: TP 2 = PQ + IQ + HW + Labs + RA + 300 + 320 FExam

320

Method 3 (exclude clicker grade, include all the exams)

Total points: TP3 = 1000 (TP1 IQ RA) + RA

920

Method 4 (exclude clicker grade and hourly exams)

Total points: TP 4 = 1000 (TP 2 IQ RA) + RA

920

Your final grade:

Total points = max (TP1, TP2, TP3, TP4)

Professor Aihua Xie

PHYS2014

Part A: Dimension, Units, and Significant Numbers

Notation
Mass

Dimension

Unit

kilogram (kg)

meter (m)

Displacement

r
r

Time

second (s)

Velocity

L/T

m/s

Acceleration

L/T2

m/s2

Force

MLT-2

Newton (N) (or kg*m/s2)

Momentum

MLT-1

kg*m/s

Torque

ML2T-2

Nm (or kg*m2/s2)

Angular displacement

Rad

Rad

Angular velocity

Rad*T-1

Rad/s

Angular acceleration

Rad*T-2

Rad/s2

Energy

ML2T-2

J (kg*m2/s2)

Work

ML2T-2

Nm (J)

Power

ML2T-3

Watt (or J/s)

Spring constant

N/L

N/m

Part B: Major concepts and their applications

B.1 Forces
Gravitational force
Tension
Friction: Static friction and kinetic friction
Normal force
Centripetal force
Net force
Air resistance
Other forces: electric force, magnetic force, strong force, and weak force
Make sure that you understand and remember the First, Second, and Third Laws of Newton!!!
B.2 Energies
Kinetic energy (translational kinetic energy, rotational kinetic energy)
Gravitational potential energy
Elastic potential energy
Total energy
Other potential energies: chemical potential energy, electric potential energy

Professor Aihua Xie

PHYS2014

B.3 Motions
Think about examples of the following motions:
Static equilibrium (velocity = 0)
Motion in a straight line (1 dimensional)
Projectile motions (2 dimensional)
Circular Motions (2 dimensional)
Simple harmonic motion (1 dimensional)
Total inelastic collision
Elastic collision
Rotational motions (1D, 2D, 3D)
Damped oscillation motions
Driven oscillation motions
Wave motions
Standing waves

B.3 Other important concepts

Displacement, velocity, accelerations, and speed
Angular displacement, angular velocity, angular acceleration
Linear momentum
Angular momentum
Torque
Center of mass
Center of gravity
Period
Frequency
Wavelength
Amplitude
Pendulum
Rotational inertia
Escape velocity
Constant acceleration

Professor Aihua Xie

PHYS2014

C. Problem solving
C.1 Using Newtons Laws
1A. Blocks of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 kg are lined up on a table, as shown in the figure below. A rightward-pointing
12 N force is applied to the leftmost block. What force does the rightmost block exert on the middle one?
(Denote leftward forces with a negative sign.)
-6 N

(Second Law of Newton, Third Law of Newton)

1B. A 2 kg mass and a 3 kg mass are on a horizontal frictionless surface, connected by a massless spring with
spring constant k = 144 N/m. A 10 N force is applied to the larger mass, as shown in Fig. 4.23. How much
does the spring stretch from its equilibrium length?
2.78 cm

2A. A rope can withstand a maximum tension force of 525 N before breaking. The rope is used to pull a 41 kg
bucket of water upward. What is the maximum upward acceleration if the rope is not to break?
3 m/s2

2B. Tarzan (mass 75 kg) slides down a vine that can withstand a maximum tension of 600 N before breaking.
What minimum acceleration must Tarzan have?
-1.8 m/s2

C.2 Projectile motions:

3A. A carpenter tosses a shingle off a 9.3 m high roof, giving it an initially horizontal velocity of 14 m/s.
(a) How long does it take the shingle to reach the ground?
1.38 s
(b) How far does it move horizontally in this time?
19.3 m

3B. A diver leaves a 3 m board on a trajectory that takes her 2.5 m above the board, and then into the water a
horizontal distance of 2.6 m from the end of the board. At what speed and angle did she leave the board?
7.15 m/s at

78.2 from the horizontal.

Professor Aihua Xie

PHYS2014

C.3 Work, energy, & Power & Conservation of Energy

4A. You drop a 150 g baseball from a nineteenth-story window 47.5 m above the ground. Neglect air
resistance.
(a) What is its kinetic energy when it hits the ground?
Compare different methods:
69.8 J
(1) Work & energy
(2) Conservation of energy
(b) What is its speed when it hits the ground?
Which one is easier?
30.5 m/s
4B. You slide a box of books at constant speed up a 40 ramp, applying a force of 210 N directed up the slope.
The coefficient of sliding friction is 0.18.
(a) How much work have you done when the box has risen 1 m vertically?
327 J
(b) What is the mass of the box?
27.4 kg

Can you use conservation of energy for this problem?

Why?

5A. A particle with total energy 4.5 J is trapped in a potential well described by U = 8.0 - 8.0x + 1.7x2, where
U is in joules and x in meters. Find its turning points. (Give the least positive value first.)
x1 =

0.488 m

x2 =

4.22 m

5B. Two clever kids use a huge spring with k = 890 N/m to launch their toboggan at the top of a 9.5 m high hill
(Fig. 7.19). The mass of kids plus toboggan is 70 kg. Assume that the kids manage to compress the spring 3 m.
Neglect friction.

(a) What will be their speed at the bottom of the hill?

17.3 m/s
(b) What fraction of their final kinetic energy was initially stored in the spring?
38.1%

Professor Aihua Xie

PHYS2014

C.4 Gravitational Forces

6A. At what altitude will a satellite complete a circular orbit of the Earth in 2.0 hours?
1690 km

6B. Determine the orbital period of a space telescope which orbits Earth at an altitude of 310 km.
90.6 min

7A. The gravitational acceleration at the surface of a planet is 18.0 m/s2. Find the acceleration at a height
above the surface equal to half the planet's radius.
8 m/s2
7B. white dwarf is a collapsed star with roughly the mass of the Sun compressed into the size of the Earth.
(a) What would be the orbital speed for a spaceship in orbit just above the surface of a white dwarf?
4.56e+06 m/s
(b) What would be the orbital period?
8.77 s

8. What is the mass of a planetary moon whose radius is 14 km and whose surface escape speed is 0.10 m/s?
1.05e+12 kg