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As pure water is evaporated, minerals are left behind in the recirculating water. As evaporation
continues, the water becomes more concentrated than the original make up water. This
eventually can lead to saturated conditions. The term cycles of concentration compares the level
of solids of the recirculating cooling tower to the level of solids of the original raw make up water.
If the circulating water has four times the solids concentration than that of the make up water,
then the cycles are 4.
Bleed off is the process of removing a portion of concentrated recirculating water, which is
obviously replaced with fresh make up water. By specifying a certain amount of bleed off we limit
the cycles of concentration the system can operate at, thus controlling scale formation. Various
treatments will let us operate at various cycles depending on the make up water analysis and
heat loading of the tower. Bleed off is critical to a successful treatment program. The preferred
method of bleed off control is with the use of automated bleed off control. This includes a
contacting head water meter, dual timer, chemical pump and solenoid controlled bleed off line.
A) Evaporation Loss: from a cooling tower (E) = .001 (Cr) (T) where Cr = circulation rate