Use exactly 25 minutes to work on Section 2.

Section 2: Structure and Written Expression

Time: 25 minutes
This section is designed to test your ability to recognize language structures that are appropriate in
standard written English. The questions in this section belong to two types, each of which has special
directions.
DIRECTIONS: Questions 1-15 are partial sentences. Below each sentence you will see four words or
phrases, marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Select the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.
Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that contains the letter
for the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space completely.
Example I
Drying flowers is the best way ________________ them.
(A) to preserve
(B) by preserving
(C) preserve
(D) preserved
The sentence should state, Drying flowers is the best way to preserve them. Therefore, the correct
answer is (A).
Example II
Many American universities ________________ as small, private colleges.
(A) begun
(B) beginning
(C) began
(D) for the beginning
The sentence should state, Many American universities began as small, private colleges. Therefore,
the correct answer is (C).
After you read the directions, begin work on the questions.
1.

2.

The Internet ________ access to current news,

political articles, business statistics, and
software for practically any purpose.
(A) Can provide ready
(B) Can be provided readily
(C) Ready and can be providing
(D) is ready and can provide
Descriptive analysis of language merely
reflects ______ used without concern for the
social prestige of these structures.
(A) It how grammar structures and
vocabulary is
(B) How are grammar structures and
vocabulary
(C) How grammar structures and vocabulary
are

(D) It is how grammar structures and

vocabulary are
3.

James Boswell was a Scottish author whose

private journals _____________ personality and
colorful experiences during his European
journeys, meetings with renowned French
philosophers, and adventures with Corsican
rebels.
(A) Revelations of his fascinating
(B) revealing his fascination
(C) his revealing fascinations
(D) reveal his fascinating

4.

Originally, the first European colleges

consisted of groups of individuals ____________
joined their efforts to study sciences, medicine,
and law.

(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
5.

6.

7.

Who lived together and

whose life together and
and who live together
whose living together and

Sedimentary rock represents geologically

transformed minerals and small particles of
___________ deposited by the movement of
water, wind, or glacial ice.
(A) chemicals matter
(B) chemical matter
(C) matters of chemical
(D) maters in chemicals
The buff pottery with red designs made by the
Hohokam
dessert
dwellers
in
the
Southwestern regions ____________ for its
original construction and unique shape.
(A) are highly prized
(B) is a high prize
(C) is highly prized
(D) are prized highly
Soap operas and day-time comedy serials were
________________ originated in Chicago in the
1930s, and most consisted of 15 minutes
episodes broadcast five times a week.
(A) radio shows that
(B) that radio showing
(C) shown that radio
(D) radio that is shown

8.

A student of Harvard University promoted the

creation of realistic settings and _____ effects.
(A) elaborate special
(B) elaborated specially
(C) specially elaborating
(D) specially to elaborate

9.

The roots anchor a tree in the ground and

absorb water _____ the soil.
(A) to
(B) from
(C) into
(D) due to

10. Viruses are so tiny that _______ only by means

of an electron microscope.
(A) they can see
(B) they can be seen
(C) can be seen

(D) can see them

11. When Arturo Vidal began his proffessional
career, music was regarded as one _______
expressing emotions.
(A) means by
(B) meant by it
(C) means of
(D) the meaning of
12. In diving competitions, hartono and Afika
usually perform ____ Tino and Tono do.
(A) dive the same as
(B) the same dives as
(C) dive the same way as
(D) the diving is the same
13. Syllables are the _______ of a word according to
pronunciation.
(A) naturally divided
(B) divided by nature
(C) natural divisions
(D) dividing them naturally
14. African civilizations did not ____________ history
until meaning-symbol correspondences had
been devised.
(A) beginning to record
(B) record the beginning
(C) began recording
(D) began to record
15. Before the 1700s, when children worked
together with adults, childhood ______ did not
exist.
(A) as we have known
(B) as we know it
(C) it is known
(D) is known as

DIRECTIONS: In questions 16-40 every sentence has four words or phrases that are underlined. The
four underlined portions of each sentence are marked (A), (B), (C), and (D). Identify the one word or
phrase that makes the sentence incorrect. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question
and fill in the space that contains the letter for the answer you have chosen. Fill in the space completely.
EXAMPLE I
Christopher Columbus has sailed from Europe in 1492 and discovered a new land
A
B
C
he thought to be India.
D
The sentence should state, Christopher sailed from Europe in 1492 and discovered a new land
thought to be India. Therefore, you should choose answer (A).
EXAMPLE II
As the roles of people in society change, so does the rules of conduct in certain
A
B
C
situations.
D
The sentence should state, As the roles of people in society change, so do the rules of conduct in
certain situations. Therefore, you should choose answer (B).
After you read the directions, begin work on the questions.
16. Abraham Lincoln based his work on the discoveries of the English physical Michael Faraday.
A
B
C
D
17. The behavior of cats and dogs appears to depend on patterns of reactions which they are born.
A
B
C
D
18. For dekades, people have wondered why have they particular dreams while they sleep.
A
B
C
D
19. After the Roman Empire has collapsed, Europe had no regular postal service.
A
B
C
D
20. Most frequently, asphalt is used to pave streets, avenues, highways, and airport.
A
B
C
D
21. Samuel Coleridge was poet and philosopher of the English romantic movement in the early
A
B
C
D
1800s.
22. When one person intentional takes the property of another without legal justification, the
A
B
C
crime is called theft.
D
23. Computers programs, catalogues, directories, and collections of data are protected by
A
B
C
D
copyright laws.
24. The water temperature in a spring depends on that of the soil through where the water
A
B
C
flows.
D

25. Tree squirrels are active, noisy, and lively animals that make its home in tree trunks.
A
B
C
D
26. Botanists have determined that there is more than 60 species of sunflowers.
A
B
C
D
27. Pure sodium immediately combines with oxygen when is exposed to air.
A
B
C
D
28. Special education is intended help both handicapped and gifted children to reach their
A B
C
learning potentials.
D
29. Trading fairs held in Antwerp during the 1300s brought famous to the city.
A
B
C
D
30. By 1850, California had a sufficiently large population to recognized as a state.
A
B
C
D
31. Gingham is a fabric used to make dresses, curtains, and furnitures covers.
A
B
C
D
32. Platos most last contribution to mathematics was his insistence on using reasoning in
A
B
C
D
geometry.
33. Sedatives are a group of drugs that legally prescribed and should be taken as directed.
A
B
C
D
34. Maps that show detail landforms are commonly used in physical geography and geology.
A
B
C
D
35. When the minerals needed for corn to grow are lack, the husks may be stunted.
A
B
C
D
36. Rembrandt was forced to declare bankruptcy in 1656, and his possessions were sale.
A
B
C
D
37. Pearls and similar substances may be classified by how are cultivated.
A
B
C
D
38. During winter, grizzly bears live in dens, caves or the other natural shelters.
A
B
C
D
39. The neck of a classical guitar is wider than those of a steel-string guitar.
A
B
C
D
40. Insufficient oxygen causes lactic acid to built up in the muscles of long-distance runners.
A
B
C
D

STOP
This is the end of Section 2.
Read the directions for Section 3.
Do not read or work on any other section of the test.
Look at the time before you begin work on Section 3.
Use exactly 55 minutes to work on Section 3.