Introduction

The tripiaka study is very difficult because there deeply doctrine in the Tripiaka. When
we saw the vinaya piaka in outside, we thought that Buddhist vinaya is not essential for
mundane life. But it was wrong idea and vinaya piaka is very important to who study about the
Sasana history. K.R Norman is a wiser scholar who has written Pli literature. It is more
important source book which the tripiaka has been examined clearly. According to his
explaining, vinaya piaka can be used as chronicle book.
This brief introduction is completed as an assignment that Pli special student should
follow as compulsory unit under the Tripiaka study in Department of Pli and Buddhist, in
university of kelaniya. This one is included with briefly introduction to vinaya piaka, the 2nd
chapter of Pli literature written by K.R Norman.

Vinaya piaka
The vinaya piaka which is the first piaka in the Tripiaka consists of three sections.
1. Suttavibhaga
I.
Bikkhuvibhaga
II.
Bhikkhunvibhaga
2. Khadaka
I.
Mahavibhaga
II.
Clavibhaga
3. Parivra
In the firstBuddhist council, the vinaya piaka had been recited named patimokka. The patimokkha
consists of two parts, Bikkkus and Bhikkhuns. According to ven. Buddhagosa, all of section of the
vinaya pitaka have been recited in first Buddhist council by theras. But in one place, he concedes that the
vinaya pitaka as he knew it which had not been recited at the first Buddhist council (tattha pahama
samgyam samgtan ca asamgtan ca sabbam pi samodhnetv). As well as pacasatika and sattasatika
khandaks in khandaka pali also should have been added to vinaya pataka in third Buddhist ciouncil.
The suttavibhaga
Suttavibhaga consists of two parts named Bhikkhu vibaga and Bhikkhun vibaga. Ptimokkha is the
core of the suttavibhaga. But ptimokkha not appear as separate text in the Tripiaka canon. Only eight
section of rules in ptimokkha fall into the suttavibhaga with separate amount both Bhikkhu and
Bhikkhun vibhags.

The eight rule of ptimokkha

Prjik (Defeat)
Saghdisesa (Formal meeting)
Aniyata (Undetermined)
Nissaggiya (Forfeiture)
Pcittiya (Expiation0
Pidesaniya (Confession)
Sekhiya (Training)
Adhikarana samatha dhamma (Legal questions)
Total rules

Count of
Bhikkhuvibhahga
04
13
02
30
92
04
75
07
227

Count of
Bhikkhunvibhaga
08
17
30
166
08
75
07
311

When other seven section of suttavibhaga follow the same pattern, Adhikarana samatha dhamma
has no explanatory stories and no old commentary as do the other section. It would be an addition to
the vinaya text in lat.
Sometime extra stories of rules can be seen in chronological order elsewhere in this section.
The greater number of rules have been enunciated By the Buddha and perhaps rules promulgated by
some of follows.

 According to the old commentary definition, ptimokkha rules words and Niddesa suggests belong to
same period.
Some stories of rules reasonable enough warrant modification or relaxation of the rules.
Sutavibhaga is included with different afterthought of promulgation of vinaya piaka. Those are
very useful to identify agreement between Buddhist order and Jainist order. Even though end of the
pcittya, 166 counts is given, it is sum of the both Bhikkhu (96) and Bhikkhuns (70). Although
ptimokkha not appear as a separate text book in Pli vinaya piaka, it exists in Hnayna (Theravada)
school with small differences. In mla sarvastivdins tripiaka canon, Bhikku and Bhikkun ptimokkas
are separated books. As well as Garu Darma and other some latter books also included to sarvastivdins
vinaya piaka.
The Khadaka
There are two portions Named mahavagga and clavagga based upon the rules of conducting for the
Buddhist Sagha. There are 22 sections under four guideline in Khadaka pli.
1.

Biography of the Buddha (Mahakhandhaka)

2. Various rules for monk (18 section)

Observance (Uposathakkhandhaka)
The rains (Vassupanayikakkhandhaka)
Invitation (Pavaranakkhandhaka)
medicines (Bhesajjakkhandhaka)
khahina (Kathinakkhandhaka)
robe-material (Civarakkhandhaka)
Pieces of leather (Cammakkhandhaka)
Kosambi (Kosambakkhandhaka)
Formal acts (Kammakkhandhaka)
Probation (Parivasikakkhandhaka)
Accumulation (Samuccayakkhandhaka)
Settlement (Samathakkhandhaka)
Minor matters (Khuddakavatthukkhandhaka)
Lodgings (Senasanakkhandhaka)
Schism (Samghabhedakkhandhaka)
Observances (Vattakkhandhaka)
Suspending the Patimokkha (ptimokkhahapanakkhandhaka)
3. Rules for nuns (Bhikkhunlkkhandhaka)
4. Two supplements giving the history of the first and second councils.
First council Buddhist (Pacasatikkhandhka)
Second council Buddhist (sattasatikkhandhka)
The introduction to the Ptimokka included in Uposathakkhandhaka.

Mahavagga pli

Cavagga pli

 First and second Buddhist council which had been held after 3 months and 100 years of the death of
Buddha would have added to Khadaka Pli by Theras who held 3rd Buddhist council.
In the Mulasarvastivadin Skhadaka lack of the Khadakas in pli version, some of the material is
arranged differently.
The Mahasanghika Lokottaravadins rules are roughly than pli Khadaka but it contains very few
monastic rules and has many later additions of the Jtaka and Avadna type.
Lokottaravadins had introduce narrative legends which Buddha's virtues in his earlier lives, the
remote past of the Buddha's career, as well as his birth and childhood, his enlightenment and his
activities as a teacher; in their Khadaka rules.
Some rules of Khadaka in pli tripiaka have been published as separate text such as kammavc,
karmavkya in Hnayna Buddhist schools.

The Parivra
The name Parivra means supplement or appendix. The Parivra pli has being also accessory to
vinaya piaka from date of death of Buddha until first A.D. century. It represents traditional theraka
generation beginning Buddha up to Siva tetra in Sri Lanka. There are nineteen sections in Parivra Pli.
Briefly introductions and summaries of some kind of vinaya are included in Parivra pli.
Realistic Buddhist history is revealed up to 1st A.D. century by Parivra pli like ssaa vasa.
In Mahavibhaga which is the first chapter of Parivra, the Suttavibhaga is examined in questions
and answering order as kind of catechism.
Ekuttaraka, the sixth chapter is ordered with topics listed numerically as Aguttara nikya,
Sagtisutta and Dasuttar sutta of the Dgha nikya.
In the chapter 13th , some kinds are explained as commentary such as method of usage of the Kaina
robe for Kaina section of Khadaka pli.
Sedamocakagatha consists of sets of puzzles, based upon apparent contradictions in the Vinaya.
the Sarvastivdin Vinaya is followed by the Vinayaksudraka and the Uttaragratha, which includes
the Upliparipuccha on behalf of the Parivra pli.
Sanskrit tripiaka and some other Hnayna tripiakas dose note agree with pli Parivra, but their
portions are similar with Upliparipuccha
The Parivra pli have been composed before Buddhism was established in Sri Lanka.