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particles, so that
Associated solutes[edit]
Similarly, if a fraction of moles of solute
associate to form one mole of an n-mer (dimer,
trimer, etc.), then
For the dimerisation of acetic acid in benzene
2CH3COOH (CH3COOH)2
2 moles of acetic acid associate to form 1
mole of dimer, so that
Association
of
Molecules
(i<1)
How to determine the approximate van't Hoff factor
Examples:
HClO3 HClO4
HBrO3 HBrO4
HIO3 HIO4
H2SO4
HNO3
NH3
CH3NH2
H2NNH2
2
CH3NH2NO3 (s) CH3NH3+ + i =
NO32
i=
(NH4)2SO4 (s) 2NH4+ + SO423
+
3- i =
(NH4)3PO4 (s) 3NH4 + PO4
4
Summary:
All water soluble compounds have a van't Hoff
factor of approximately 1 except:
Compounds which begin with metal ions. These
include
salts
and
strong
bases.
Soluble salts of weak bases (originating from
nitrogen compounds - review section on
recognizing
weak
bases.)
Strong acids - so you need to be able to recognize
a
strong
acid.
Strong soluble bases (redundant) - so you need to
be able to recognize a strong soluble base. Back
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Some more subtle caveats
Actual measurements of the vant Hoff factors often
yield values slightly different from that obtain by
the calculations so far described. These difference
could be due to several factors, but some of these
include:
0.10
0.20
0.40
1.00
2.00
4.00