Location The Philippine archipelago is located in Southeast Asia.

Topography The Philippine is considerably mountainous.

Mt. Polog Is the second highest peak in Luzon with 8,481 feet high.
Sierra Madre Is the largest & longest range in the country.
River system Among the notable rivers.
Cagayan River Is the longest with 350 kms in length.
Agno River Is 221 km long.
Pampanga River Is the second longest with 260 kms long.
Lake The notable lake.
Laguna de Bay Is the Largest Lake.
Lake Taal Is the second largest Lake.
Lake Mainit Is the smallest Lake.
Lake Lanao Is the third largest Lake.
Naujan Lake Is the fifth largest Lake.
Coastline The country has an irregular coastline that extends to 34, 000 kms.
Manila Bay Is one of the finest natural harbors in the Philippines.
Philippine Deep Sea near Samar Leyte Deepest sea in the world.
Volcanoes and Earthquake There are 402 volcanoes
22 Active volcanoes.
27 Potentially active volcanoes.
353 Inactive volcanoes.
Mayon Volcano Most perfect cone and most active volcano.
Taal Volcano Is the Second most active volcano.
Mt. Pinatubo Erupted 1991 and it was considered as the most destructive volcano.
Climate The Philippine has a tropical Climate warm with abundant rainfall.
Natural resources Gold, cooper, iron ore, lead, sulfur, lime, phosphate, limestone, nicke, petroleum salt & coal
deposit. 500 species.
Milkfish or Bangus National fish.

Bonuan Bangus Is the most delicacies milkfish.

Gigas Is the largest shell.
Pearl of Allah Largest Pearl with the weight of 14 pounds.
Sinarapan Smallest fish found in Lake Buhi.
Plants and Flowers 37% of the Philippines is covered by forest.
Narra Countrys National tree.
Baguio city City of Flowers.
Pungapung Largest flowers found in Mindanao.
Animals and Birds The Philippines has water buffalo.
Tamaraw Found in Mindoro.
Tarsier Found in Bohol, considered as the smallest monkey in the world.
Mouse deer Found in Palawan, it is the smallest deer in the world.
Tipol Is the largest Philippine bird.
Philippine Eagle Is the Countrys national bird.
760 Species of Birds.
Tourist Spot Some of the famous tourist spot in the Country.
Baguio City Is the common destination of tourist to escape summer heat.
Beaches Some of the countries paradise.
Boracay Beach Has White sand and blue water.
Pagudpud in Ilocos Norte Has white sand and mighty waves.
Camiguin beach Referred to as the Garden of Eden.
Territorial Areas The Philippine has 17 region 81 provinces and 118 cities.
Barangay Is the smallest political unit, consist of about 1000n inhabitants.
Theories in the origin of the Philippines The largest bridge theory, Volcanic theory and lost content theory.
Dawn man Is the first man who came in the Philippines.
Java man & Peking man Is the Cousin of Java man.
Negritos Is the first inhabitants of the Philippines.

First wave Head hunting.

Christian Filipinos Constitute the majority and include Ilocanos.
Muslim Filipinos Include Maranaos of Lanao, and Tausog of Jolo.
Islam Is mostly found in Mindanao.
Indigenous Filipinos Cultural communities.
Chinese Filipinos Belonged to the minority because they constitute only 1-2% population.
Population Million people.
Language There are more than 100 languages and dialect in the Philippines.
Religion 90% are Roman Catholic.
Sayid Abu Bakr Muslim leader from Sumatra married Princess Bramisuli.
Princess Bramisuli Daughter of Rajah Baginda.
Shariff Kabungsuan Landed in Cotabato & converted people to Islam, he proclaim himself as first Sultan in Mindanao.
Princess Tunina Native princess.
Kangas Jacket with short sleeves
Bahag Wrapped around the waist and between legs.
Putong Piece of cloth or a headgear, used by males to indicate the number of person wearer had killed.
Red Putong Had killed less than 7 men.
Embroided Putong Had killed 7 or more men.
Baro or Camisa Jacket with sleeve while lower parts called saya.
Patadyong Whilte or red cloth wrapped above the waist.
Kalumbiga Pendants, gold rings, earings, leglets, & bracelet, Ornaments.
Batalan Household work.
Sala Used for reception & place for sleeping.
Silid Used to keep the mat.
Nobles Class Upper class
Freemen Middle class
Slave Lower class

Aliping Namamahay Own house & family

Aliping Sa Gigilid No house and live with his master and could not marry without the master consent.
Bigay-Kaya Piece of land of gold.
Panghimuyat To the bride parend.
Bigay-Suso To the brides wet-nurse
Courtship The man serve for years to the parents of the women.
Marriage Custom Marriage is done within the same rank or social classes.
Mixed Marriage Marriage from different were rare.
Divorce Adultery, desertion of abandonment of the husband.
The Early Laws Laws were either customary or written, it covered partnership, usury, loans, crimes, adoption, and
diverse.
Umalohokan Around the Barangay and announced the new law.
River ordeal Suspects are required to plunged into the river.
Boiling water ordeal Suspects are required to place a stone in hallow container water.
Candle Ordeal Were given lightened candles.
Chewing of uncooked rice ordeal Suspects were made to chew uncooked rice.
Religious Belief Filipinos believe in gods and goddesses. They believe in life after death.
Superstitious Beliefs They believe in aswang, tikbalang, and tiyanak.
Magical charms Filipinos used charms and amulets as magical power.
Beliefs in soul/Spirit The memory of dead relatives was kept alive by carving idols in order to sympathy.
Anitos They offered prayers and sacrifice to these idol.
Burial beliefs When a relative dies, he place in a coffin together with his cloth, gold.
Economic Life Agriculture was the main industry.
Kaingin system and tillage system Were the two methods of cultivation.
Language There are more than 100 languages and dialects.
System of writing The Filipinos wrote in their native syllabary in which every letter is pronounced as syllable.
Government The Unit was the barangay.
Moluccas Spice Island

Aim spices Aim of Spanish Colonization.

M.H. Del Pilar Known as the journalist.

King Humabon Was christened as Carlos.

Raja Sula One of the chieftains of neighboring Island of Mactan.

Gobernadorcillo Also called capitan municipal or simply capitan.

Alcalde mayor

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi First governor-general of the Philipiines.

Audiencia Judicial powers were exercised.

Ayuntamiento City government, now called City Hall.

Royal Encomienda Owned by Spanish crown.

Private Encomienda Owned by private person.

Encomiendero Parcel of land

Taxation To pay Construction of churches, government buildings, road, etc,,

Catholicism One of the greatest legacies of Spain to the Philippines.

Limpieza de sangre Social ranking was created in our society.
Peninsulares Or Spaniard born in Spain, top of the social pyramid.
Insulares Below of them, Spaniards born in the Philippines.
Indios or masses Lowest pat of the pyramid.
Governador-General Narciso Claveria Ordering all Filipinos families to adopt Spanish surnames from a roster sent to all
provinces in the Archipelago.
Bahay kubo Was the house of early Filipinos.

Bahay na Bato with the coming of the Spaniards houses made of stone and bricks were introduced. It had a wide
azotea or balcony.
Mode of dressing Western coat and trouser or Americana were started to be worn by the Filipino men to replace the
traditional jacket and bahag or G-String.
Spanish Language The Spanish colonizers did not deliberately propagate.
Fiesta It held in honor of the patron saints of the towns.
Visperas The day before the feast.
Duplo Was a kind of debate in verse between a men and a woman.
Baptism of a child and marriage Celebration was done with much pomp because a Filipino would not like to be called
Kurupot.
The Family Life Family ties were preserved and even strengthened during the Spanish time.
The Filipino Women Continued to be highly respected in society.
Agriculture A large scale production of cotton, silk, cinnamon, and indigo.
Governor Basco Organized the Economic Society of Friends of the Country, assist him in the implementation ohf his
economic program.
Organized the Economic Society of Friends of the Country This society composed of people knowledgeable in
agriculture, Manufacturing, Rural development, education and domestic foreign trade.
Tobacco Monopoly Virtue of the royal Decree of 1780.
Charles III of Spain Established the tobacco monopoly by the virtue of Royal Decree of 1780.
Governor-General Primo de Rivera Abolished the Tobacco monopoly.
Royal company of the Philippines This Company was established to promote direct trade between the Philippines and
Spain and to develop the countrys natural resources.
Governor-General Felix Beringuer de Marquina Encourage foreign merchants to come and invest in the Philippines.
Obras Pias The earliest bank to open in the Philippines.
Rodriguez Bank First Filipino bank.
Banco Espanol Filipino First government bank in the country founded by Governor-General Antonio de Urbiztondo .
The art of Printing Printing was introduced to the country to facilitate the conversion of the Indios and Catholicism.
Doctrina Cristiana en la Lengua Espanola y Tagala The first book published in the country by the Dominicans.
Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala The first grammar book in tagalog which was published in 1610.
Religious Literatures The Spaniards promoted religious literature to propagate Catholicism.

Folk Art Various art forms and crafts were associated with the celebration of the fiesta.
Music and Musical instrument The Polka, Tango, Jota, and Surtido.
Education The first school established in the Philippines were Church related schools.
The College of San Ignacio First College for boys.
College of Santa Isabel School for girls
Rajah Lakandula Attacked the Spaniards in Tondo because
Magat Salamats Conspiracy (1574) A secret society led by its leader Magat Salamat.
Governor-General Santi Cagayanos anger was aroused by the Spanish abuses.
Pedro Ladia King of Tagalog.
Sumuroys Uprising ago de Vera Ordered to arrest Magat Salamat.
Governor Francisco Tello de Guzman Instructed Pedro de Chavez to go to Cagayan and kill Magalat.
Gaddangs Uprising (1621) It revolted against the Spanish rule because of the Spanish abuses.
Bancaos Revolt (1622) In Leyte, Boncao who had been converted to Catholicism.
Tamblots Revolt (1622) Another religious uprising was thet of Tamblot.
Cagayan Uprising (1625)
(1649) Juan Sumuroy resented the order of Governor Diego Fajardo tha works in Samar.
Maniago Uprising (1660) they closed rivers to prevent food.
Francisco Maniago appealed to the people of Pangasinan and Ilocos provinces to help him join his rebel movement
against the Spanish authorities.
Malongs Uprising (1660) Disillusioned by the Spanish abuse, rose in arms with help of Filipinos in the provinces of
Zambalez etc.
Andres Malong King of Pangasinan.
Dagohoy Uprising (1745) This is the longest uprising in the Philippines history for intended 1828.
Agrarian Uprising (1745) The Filipino tenants rose in rebellion against the administration of the friar estates.
Diego Silang Uprising (1762)
Diego Silang Incited the Ilocanos to rise in arms against the Spaniards.
Palaris Revolt (1764) The people of Pangasinan revolted against the Spanish authorities under the leadership of Juan
de la Cruz Palaris due to the abuses of the Spaniards.

Religious Revolt of de la Cruz (1840) The Spanish government did not approve such society except those related
Catholicism.
Apolinario de la Cruz Religious man who worked at the San Juan de Dios Hospital in Manila.
Muslim Wars The Muslim were the last Philippine group to surrender to the Americans.
Chinese Uprising To Discourage Chinese from coming into the country, the Spaniards compelled them to pay special
tax for permission to stay in the country, tax to own a house and tribute.
Limahongs Invasion (1574) Limahong a Chinese adventurer, landed in Paranaque and subsequently invaded the City of
Manila.
Portuguese Attack Gonzalo Pereira Portuguese naval Commander
Dutch Attack (1579)
British Attack (1762) War having been declared between England and France and Spain on other hand, England sent an
expedition to the Philippines to this Country.
Middle Class Were able to send their children to Europe for their education.
Carlos Ma. de la Torre Was appointed as governor general info office, he demonstrated his democratic and liberal
means of governance.
Rafael de Isquierdo A reactionary Governor General
Diosdado Arellano Was the first president and later succeeded by Roman Basa.
Emilio Jacinto Wrote Kartilya ng katipunan
Benita Rodriguez and Gregoria de Jesus Made the first Flag of Katipunan.
Ma. Marcela Agoncillo and Mrs. Delfina Herbosa Made the present Flag of Katipunan.
5:41 of May 1, 1898 The Battle of Manila Bay

Newsletter:

Marcelo del Pilar Plaridel

Jose Rizal Laon Laan and Dimasalang
Mariano Ponce Kalipulako and Tigbalang
Antonio Luna Taga Ilog
Jose Ma. Panganiban Jomapa

Grades of Membership in Katipunan:

Katipon
Kawal
Bayani

Social Classes:
Nobles
Freemen
Slave
Languages:

Tagalog
Cebuano
Ilocano
Hiligaynon
Bikol
Waray-waray
Kapangpangan
Kinaray-a
Maranao
Ilonggo
Maguindanao
Tausug

Encomienda System:
Peninsuares
Insulares
Indios