HISTORY

Whoever wishes to foresee the future must consult the past

Introduction:
History is a store house of the past happenings of mankind. This provides the
key to the present. This important fact is often overlooked. To deal the present with a
proper perspective and approach the future with confidence a clear understanding of the
past is necessary.
History acts as a unifying agent of many humanities helping them to be linked as
a meaningful whole. Hence, political science, economics, archaeology, women studies
and tourism form on integral past of history.
ANCIENT INDIA
The study of ancient India throws light on the pre and pro historic period of India,
Indus valley civilization and the historic period upto the Guptas and Varhdanas. This part
of Indian history enlightens us about our splendid administrative system, the literary
enrichment and cultural achievement in the field of paintings and music and scientific
knowledge particularly in the field of astronomy.

MEDIEVAL INDIA
The early Medieval Indian History deals in details about the various Muslim
invasion from Ghoris to Ibrahim Lodi. It deals with the emergence of the Hindu empire in

the south Vijayanagar dynasty under Krishnadevaraya. and the renaissance in Hinduism.
It includes the study of Bhamini dynasty.

Later Medieval India is a record of brilliant achievements in the field of conquest and
administration and of great social and religious movements of the Mughal dynasty. The
country has absorbed their varied culture, enriching her in the processes. The Mughal
emperors gave to India a kind of splendor. They also gave it a new style and a new status.
In the galaxy of Kings of India, they stand out not only for their grandeur but also for the
largeness of their concepts. Though autocrats by right, the Mughals in particular
Humayun, Akbar, Jahangir and Shah Jahan, strove hard to take into consideration the
traditions of different religious and ethnic groups in the country. This is what makes them
a fascinating subject for study.
MODERN INDIA:

With the advent of the European in India the modern era begins leading to colonial rule in
the country. The British administration under the East India Company and later under the
British crown is a lengthy recorded of events which made India weak and fall a prey to
the British and how the foreigners consolidated their power and position in India. It,
throws light on the changes and development made in different fields of central and
provincial administration, local self government, agriculture and revenue settlements,
industries, social legislation etc.
The Indian reaction to the British domination resulted in the struggle for freedom which
laid the foundation for unity in diversity. It contributed two great principles to the global
well- being namely Ahimsa and Sathyagraha .Independence gave us the free will to
draft our constitution and formulate indigenous social, economic and foreign polices.

Non alignment is a brilliant contribution of modern India to the world. Makers of

modern India enhances the ones knowledge about all the prominent personalities who
contributed to Indian development and progress in various fields after independence.
EUROPEAN HISTORY:

National history becomes more meaningful and significant with a global background. The
dawn of the modern period in the European continent begins by tracing the far- reaching
results of 1453 namely renaissance, reformation and discovery of new sea routes. The rise
of the nation states led to tremendous political changes in the continent brings to lime
light remarkable personality like Peter the great and Catherine of Russia, Louis XIV of
France and Fredrick of Prussia . Another important land mark in the history of mankind is
the French revolution which propagated equality, liberty and fraternity to the world is an
inspiration to all other liberal movements of the world. The unification of Germany by
Bismark and Italy by Garibaldi, Mazzini and others present interesting accounts of the
19th century Europe. The two world wars and their impact throws light on the
complicated political scene of the 20th century and lead us to the international relations of
the present world.
HISTORY OF CHINA

China, one of the prominent members of the contemporary world presents an inevitable
study for those who are interested in the recent past and the future of the world. The
political, economic and social changes of the 19th century China, the 1911 revolution, the
radical reforms of the 20th century and great personalities, like Dr. Sun Yat Sen, Yuan-

Chi-Kai and Mao-Tse-Tung present an inspiring history. Chinas relationship with Japan,
its attitude and role during the two world wars, the emergence of red china and its
efforts to become a world power occupies an important place in the present world
scenario.
HISTORY OF TAMILNADU

History of Tamil Nadu is an essential requirement since regional history forms an integral
part of national history and enriches a person about the regional glory and achievement
.Tamil Nadus contribution towards literature, Art and architecture presents a glorious
picture. The sangam period is known for its literary excellence and religious tolerance
and the Kalabra period witnessed a cultural fusion of Buddhism, Jainism and the two sets
of Hinduism which flourished simultaneously. The Pallavs rich architectural heritage
leaves an indelible mark in the cultural history of Tamil Nadu it is followed by the
imperial Cholas and later Pandyas known for their overseas expeditions, commerce,
temple building and local self government.
OUTLINES OF COMPARATIVE GOVERNMENTS

Political Science is part of Social Science which treats the formations of the state
and principles of Government. It is concerned with the state endeavors to understand and
comprehend the state in its essential nature, various forms, manifestations and
development. An outline of comparative government emphasises the importance of
constitutions and its classification.

PRINCIPLES OF ARCHAEOLOGY

Archeologys greatest achievement is the study of pre and pro history where it is
the sole source of knowledge. Principles of Archaeology is a concise introduction of
reconstructing the past from the surviving traces of human societies. It is a branch of
learning that is concerned with the material vestiges of man. Everything is made by
human beings from simple tools to complex machines.
HUMANRIGHTS

Human rights are commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a

person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being.
It also explores the link between human rights and democracy, good governance
socio economical and political rights for the marginalized society. It emphasizes that
human rights protection is indispensable to entrenching substantive democracy and
promoting pro-poor development.
. The efforts of governmental and non-governmental organization at the national
and international levels to protect the Human rights are also highlighted in the study.

WOMENS STUDIES

Women play a vital role in building resources in a country. Planning in India has
increased the potential of women from the state of worker to decision maker.
Empowerment of women would further increase the standard of living of the women.
The principle of gender equality is enshrined in the Indian constitution in its preamble.
The study highlights the women suffrage movement s and the role of various women
organization to uplift the status of women.
It brings out the feminist theories of the world. To create an awareness about the
legal issues, an in -depth study of laws related to women are discussed.
It traces the strategies which could safeguard the rights of women in a country
like India and identifies the special laws for women and children
TRAVEL AND TOURISM

Indias glorious traditions and rich cultural heritage are linked with the development of
tourism. Its magnificent monuments, unique geographical position, architectural
masterpieces, music, dance, paintings customs, and languages - all these have made India
as a Tourist Paradise. The study of tourism is a specialized service product which is
essential in the present context.
Specialization in history equips one to be excellent teachers and professors. An indepth study and knowledge of the subject help them to be a researcher. The analytical
mind and the clarity of thought that the subject provides help one to excel in the fields of

journalism, politics, civil services, Legal consultants and Public Relation Officers.
Archives, Museums, Art Galleries and Tourism Department need people with historical
expertise.

THE FIRST GREAT HISTORIAN OF INDIA

Kalhana:

Kalhana of Kashmir is considered to be the first historian from

India. He was born in the 12th century. His father Champaka was the
dvarpala, the gatekeeper that is, the commander of the defences of the gate
to Kashmir during the rule of King Harsha [1089 - 1101 CE]. There is little
known about his education and intellectual training. This much, though is
known that he had read the Harshacharita, the Mahabharata and the
Ramayana extensively in order to copy their style for writing his history.
What made Kalhana different from the many chroniclers and
storytellers who had existed before him in India was his ability to be
informative and accurate while at the same time keeping his readers from
being bored with long and tedious descriptions in a long and tedious
language. This could be expected from him since he also was a very good
poet, just like so many other chroniclers of those times.
Kalhana was clear that he had to write in an unbiased manner. A talented
historian, he would say, devoid of love or hatred relates the past anecdotes
like an umpire. Like a good historian he also explains in detail the sources
that he used to write his history and also the flaws in those sources. Eleven
chronicles of the kings of Kashmir already existed, he informs us. They all

had been put together in a simplified manner in a single book. As it would

happen the originals, along with their details, were lost to memory and hence
there was a need to write a fresh history of the Kings of Kashmir. For
writing his history Kalhana used three books for basic information. He also
looked for corroborative information from other sources, including edicts
and
inscriptions
found
in
Kashmir.
CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
TEACHING

MUSEUM CURATORS

AS ARCHIVISTS

AS JOURNALISTS AND NEWS REPORTERS

COMPETITIVE EXAMINATIONS.

HISTORICAL RESEARCHER:

Career options for students who have finished their graduation in history are quite
high.This program is recommended to those who intend to pursue an academic career.
With specialization in History we can become lecturers, professor and teachers in various
schools, colleges and universities. An in depth study and knowledge of the subject help
them to be a researcher and work in government founded organizations like ICHR etc.
This program is also recommended for students desiring to take up Law, IAS and other
competitive exams. The analylitical mind and the clarity of thought that the subject
provides help them to excel in the fields of journalism, politics, civil services, law,
consultants and P.R. Officers.