INTRODUCTION TO NC/CNC SYSTEM

Numerical control (NC) is a method of automatically operating a manufacturing

machine based on a code letters, numbers and special characters.
The numerical data required to produce a part is provided to a machine in the form
of program, called part program or CNC (computer numerical control)
The program is translated into the appropriate electrical signals for input to motors
that run the machine.
A CNC machine is an numerical control machine with the added feature of an on
board computer. The computer is referred to as the machine control unit (MCU)
In 1775, John Wilkinson-cannon boring machine (lathe).
In 1881, Eli Whitney - milling machine.
In 1947, Mr. John Parsons began experimenting for using 3-axis curvature data to
control the machine tool motion for the production for aircraft components.
In 1949, parsons-first NC machine.
In 1951, MIT was involved in the project.
In 1955, after refinements NC became available in
industry
Today, modern machinery are CNC milling machines and lathes.
A typical CNC system consists of the following six elements

Part program
Program input device
Machine control unit
Drive system
Machine tool
Feedback system

PREPARATORY FUNCTION
(G -CODES)
G00- Fast transverse
G01- Linear interpolation
G02- Circular interpolation(c.w)
G03- Circular interpolation(c.c.w)
G04-Dwell
G20-Imporial (input in inches)
G21- Metric (input in mm)
G28- Go to reference
G40- Cutter compensation cancel
G41- Cutter compensation right
G42-Cutter compensation left
G50- Co-ordinate setting
G70-Finishing cycle
G71- Stock removal in turning
G72- Multiple facing
G73-Pattern repeating
G74- drilling
G76- Multiple thread
G81- Drilling cycle
G90-Turning cycle
G94- Facing cycle
G96- Constant surface
G97- Variable surface
G98- Feed per minute
G99- Feed per revolution

MISCELLANEOUS FUNCTION
(M - CODES)
M00- Program stop
M02- Optional stop
M03- Program end
M04- Spindle forward
M05- Spindle stop
M06- Tool change
M08- Coolant on
M09- Coolant off
M10- Vice open
M11- Vice close
M62- Output 1ON
M63- Output 2ON
M64- Output1OFF
M65- Output 2OFF
M60- Wait input 1ON
M67- Wait input 10FF
M76- Wait input 2OFF
M77-Sub program call
M98-Sub program exit
M99- Sub program exit
M30- Program and rewind

FACING TURNING

EX.NO:

FACING TURNING

DATE:

AIM
To write the part programming and simulation them to the given lathe job.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
CNC simulation software
CNC trainer software
Software Pentium IV
PROCEDURE

To write the program for given job.

To type G and M CODES.
To give the tool size and stock dimensions.
Finally to run the machine to the operation.

PROGRAM
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T02
M03 S1200
G00 X26 Z2
G94 X-1 Z-1 F60
Z-2
Z-3
Z-4
Z-5
G28U0 W0
M05
M30

RESULT
Thus the part program was written and simulated for given job.

MULTIPLE TURNING

EX.NO:

MULTIPLE TURNING

DATE:

AIM
To write the part programming and simulation them to the given lathe job.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
CNC simulation software
CNC trainer software
Software Pentium IV
PROCEDURE

To write the program for given job.

To type G and M CODES.
To give the tool size and stock dimensions.
Finally to run the machine to the operation.

PROGRAM
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T02
M03 S1200
G00 X25 Z2
G71 U0.5 R1
G71 P1 Q2 U0.1 W0.1 F70
N1 G01 X16
G01 Z0
G01 X18 Z-2
G01 Z-15
G03 X22 Z-18R3
G01 Z-25
N2G02 X25 Z-28 R3
M03 S1500
G70 P1 Q2 F50
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

RESULT

Thus the part program was written and simulated for given job.

STEP TURNING

EX.NO:

STEP TURNING

DATE:

AIM
To write the part programming and simulation them to the given lathe job.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
CNC simulation software
CNC trainer software
Software Pentium IV
PROCEDURE

To write the program for given job.

To type G and M CODES.
To give the tool size and stock dimensions.
Finally to run the machine to the operation.

PROGRAM
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T02
M03 S1200
G00 X25 Z2
G90 X25 Z-45 F60
X24
X23
X22
X21
G90X20 Z-30 F60
X19
X18
X17
X16
G90 X15 Z-15 F60
X14
X13
X12
X11
X10
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

RESULT
Thus the part program was written and simulated for given job.

TAPER TURNING

EX.NO:

TAPER TURNING

DATE:

AIM
To write the part programming and simulation them to the given lathe job.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
CNC simulation software
CNC trainer software
Software Pentium IV
PROCEDURE
To write the program for given job.
To type G and M CODES.
To give the tool size and stock dimensions.
Finally to run the machine to the operation.
PROGRAM
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T02
M03 S1200
G00 X25 Z2
G90 X25 Z-15 F60
X24
X23
X22
X21
X20
X19
X18
X17
X16
X15
G00 X25 Z-15
G90 X25 Z-30 R-0.5 F60
X25 R-1
X25 R-1.5
X25 R-2
X25 R-2.5
X25 R-3
X25 R-3.5
X25 R-4
X25 R-4.5
X25 R-5
G28 U0 W0

M05
M30
RESULT:
Thus the part program was written and simulated for given job.

THREAD TURNING

EX.NO:

THREAD TURNING

DATE:

AIM
To write the part programming and simulation them to the given lathe job.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
CNC simulation software
CNC trainer software
Software Pentium IV
PROCEDURE

To write the program for given job.

To type G and M CODES.
To give the tool size and stock dimensions.
Finally to run the machine to the operation.

PROGRAM
G21 G98
G28 U0 W0
M06 T04
M03 S600
G00 X18 Z2
G76 P020060 Q50 R0.02
G76 X16.161 Z-15 P919 Q100 F1.5
G28 U0 W0
M05
M30

RESULT
Thus the part program was written and simulated for given job.

LINEAR INTERPOLATION

EX.NO:

LINEAR INTERPOLATION

DATE:

AIM
To write the part programming and simulation them to the given milling job.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
CNC simulation software
CNC milling software
Software Pentium IV
PROCEDURE

To write the program for given job.

To type G and M CODES.
To give the tool size and stock dimensions.
Finally to run the machine to the operation.

PROGRAM

G21 G94
G28 G91 X0 Y0 W0
M03 S1200
G00 G90 X0 Y0 Z5
G00 X-30 Y0
G01 Z-1 F60
G02 I30 F50
G0 G90 Z5
G28 G91 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30

RESULT

Thus the part program was written and simulated for given job.

CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

EX.NO:

CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

DATE:

AIM
To write the part programming and simulation them to the given milling job.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
CNC simulation software
CNC milling software
Software Pentium IV
PROCEDURE

To write the program for given job.

To type G and M CODES.
To give the tool size and stock dimensions.
Finally to run the machine to the operation.

PROGRAM

G21 G94
G28 G91 X0 Y0 W0
M03 S1200
G00 G90 X0 Y0 Z5
G00 X-30 Y0
G01 Z-1 F60
G02 I30 F50
G0 G90 Z5
G28 G91 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30

RESULT:
Thus the part program was written and simulated for given job.

LINEAR AND CIRCULAR

EX.NO:

LINEAR CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION

DATE:

AIM
To write the part programming and simulation them to the given milling job.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
CNC simulation software
CNC milling software
Software Pentium IV
PROCEDURE

PROGRAM

To write the program for given job.

To type G and M CODES.
To give the tool size and stock dimensions.
Finally to run the machine to the operation.

G21 G94
G28 G91 X0 Y0 W0
M03 S1200
G00 G90 X0 Y0 Z5
G00 X30 Y0
G01 Z-1 F60
G01 Y20
G02 X20 Y30 R10
G01 X-20
G02 X-30 Y20 R10
G01 Y-20
G01 X-20 Y-30
G01 X20
G03 X30 Y-20 R10
G01 Y0
G00 G90 Z5
G28 G91 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30

RESULT
Thus the part program was written and simulated for given job.

MIRRORING

EX.NO:

MIRRORING

DATE:

AIM
To write the part programming and simulation them to the given milling job.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
CNC simulation software
CNC milling software
Software Pentium IV
PROCEDURE

PROGRAM

To write the program for given job.

To type G and M CODES.
To give the tool size and stock dimensions.
Finally to run the machine to the operation.
G21 G94
G28 G91 X0 Y0 Z0
M03 S1200
G0 G90 X0 Y0 Z5
G01 Z0 F60
M98 P21234
G0 G90 Z5
M70
M71
G01 Z0 F60
M98 P21234
G0 G90 Z5
G28 G91 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30
O1234
G01 G91 Z-1 F60
G01 G90 Y-25
G02 X25 Y0 R25
G01 X0 Y0

M99

RESULT
Thus the part program was written and simulated for given job.

DEEP HOLE DRILLING

EX.NO:

DEEP HOLE DRILLING

DATE:

AIM
To write the part programming and simulation them to the given milling job.
TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTS
CNC simulation software
CNC milling software
Software Pentium IV
PROCEDURE

To write the program for given job.

To type G and M CODES.
To give the tool size and stock dimensions.
Finally to run the machine to the operation.

PROGRAM

G21 G94
G28 G91 X0 Y0 W0
M03 S1200
G00 G90 X0 Y0 Z5
G98 G83 X0 Y0 Z-6 Q2 R2 F60
X-30 Y0
X0 Y-30
X30 Y0
X0 Y30
G80 G90 Z5
G28 G91 Z0
G28 X0 Y0
M05
M30

RESULT
Thus the part program was written and simulated for given job.