Answers to questions:

1.
A manometer may be any device that measures pressure. However, unless otherwise
qualified, the term "manometer" most often refers specifically to a U-shaped tube filled with
fluid. This type of manometer can be easily built as part of a laboratory experiment to
demonstrate the effect of pressure on a liquid column.
The manometer is placed against a measured scale to allow any difference in the height
of the two columns. This height differential can be used directly to make relative comparisons
between different test pressures. This type of manometer can also be used to calculate the
absolute pressure when the density of the liquid in the manometer is known.
One end of the tube is connected with a gas-tight seal to a test pressure source. The other
end of the tube is left open to the atmosphere and will therefore be subjected to a pressure of
approximately 1 atmosphere (atm). If the test pressure is greater than the reference pressure of 1
atm, the liquid in the test column is forced down the column. This causes the fluid in the
reference column to rise by an equal amount.
2. Open type
The open-tube manometer is another device that can be used to measure pressure. The opentube manometer is used to measure the pressure of a gas in a container.
Differential type
A differential manometer is a device that measures the difference in pressure between
two places. Standard manometers are used to measure the pressure in a container by comparing it
to normal atmospheric pressure. Differential manometers are also used to compare the pressure
of two different containers. They reveal both which container has greater pressure and how large
the difference between the two is.
Piezometer
Piezometer is the simplest form of manometer which is tapped into the wall of pressure
conduit for the purpose of measuring pressure. Though effective in many purposes, piezometer is
not practical to use in lighter liquids with large pressure and cannot be used to measure gas
pressure.

Interpretation of results
Experiment 2 was divided into two parts; determining specific gravity using a hydrometer and
determining specific gravity using a U-tube manometer. For the first part of the experiment, we
were asked to determine the densities and specific gravities using a hydrometer. Based on the
results in part A, the specific gravity and density of liquid are of the same value. (Formula),
because the density of water is 1 gm/ml, so their values will be the same.
For part B of the experiment, we are asked to get the specific gravity of the kerosene using the
manometer. For this part, we were given 3 liquids; diesel, kerosene and cooking oil. Based on
our data, it was observed that the height of the liquid is higher than the height of the water. We
were able to get the specific gravity of a certain liquid by (formula).