University of British Columbia

EECE 365 Winter 2012

Elec Machines & Electronics

Lecture 10: DC Motors III

DC Machines III
Multi-Looped Machines
So far we have shown the

loop DC Machine

Machines typically have multiple armature loops

loop DC Machine:

Nathan Ozog 2013

Page 1 of 10

University of British Columbia

EECE 365 Winter 2012

Elec Machines & Electronics

Lecture 10: DC Motors III

Armature Reaction
Field flux is
current, i.e. Ia=

to the rotor when there is no armature

Induces a given voltage in the armature

e1 = K a 1
Armature currtent produces a flux that interacts with the field flux
According to Amperes Law
Causes distortion of the flux

Non zero current, Ia>0, results in a

effective flux,

2 < 1

e 2 = K a 2
A smaller armature voltage (back emf) produced

Nathan Ozog 2013

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University of British Columbia

EECE 365 Winter 2012

Elec Machines & Electronics

Lecture 10: DC Motors III

Machine Parameters and Tests

Locked Rotor Test
To determine machine resistances

Measurements:

ea = Because no armature motion

Vt = I a Ra Ra =
Important to not exceed rated
Terminal voltage must be quite

Nathan Ozog 2013

Vf = I f Rf Rf =
current
.

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University of British Columbia

EECE 365 Winter 2012

Elec Machines & Electronics

Lecture 10: DC Motors III

Open Circuit Test I

To determine machine Voltage constant K v

Measurements:

Ia = 0
Because no armature current
m = [0 K rated ]
I f = const
ea = I f Laf m
Vt =
=
K v is another notation used
Usually for permanent magnet machines

Kv =

Nathan Ozog 2013

ea

Page 4 of 10

University of British Columbia

EECE 365 Winter 2012

Elec Machines & Electronics

Lecture 10: DC Motors III

Open Circuit Test II

To determine Laf

Measurements:

Ia =
I f = 0 K I f rated

Because no armature current

m =
Vt = ea

ea = I f Laf m Laf =

Laf is non-linear
Reluctance is mostly from air gap, until core saturates

Laf =

Nathan Ozog 2013

ea
I f m

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University of British Columbia

EECE 365 Winter 2012

Elec Machines & Electronics

Lecture 10: DC Motors III

No Load Test
To determine frictional constant K fric

Measurements:

Assume we know Ra or K v

Tm =
I f = 0 K I f rated

No load torque

]
Pe = Pm
Pm = Tmm =

Pe = ea I a =

Assume T fric = T fric ( m ) = K fric m , i.e.

or

friction is a function of speed

Pm = K fricm

Pe = ea I a =

K vm I a = K fricm

K fric =

or
2

I aVt I a Ra = K fricm

Nathan Ozog 2013

K fric =

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University of British Columbia

EECE 365 Winter 2012

Elec Machines & Electronics

Lecture 10: DC Motors III

Stopping Transient Test

To determine Inertia J m

Measurements:

Assume we know K fric

Te = Tm + K fricm + J

dm
dt

ea = K vm

K fricm = J

=J
t

ea
K fric m = J
K v t

Nathan Ozog 2013

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University of British Columbia

EECE 365 Winter 2012

Elec Machines & Electronics

Lecture 10: DC Motors III

Efficiency
We have the following electrical losses:
Armature:
Field:
And mechanical losses

Nathan Ozog 2013

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University of British Columbia

EECE 365 Winter 2012

Elec Machines & Electronics

Lecture 10: DC Motors III

Speed Regulation

A measure of how the motor will respond to load

SR =

n
n

Some Notes on Units

Rotational Velocity
RPM

m - [rad / sec] .

[rev / sec]
m=
2
n=

Nathan Ozog 2013

30

[rev / min = rpm]

Page 9 of 10

University of British Columbia

EECE 365 Winter 2012

Elec Machines & Electronics

Lecture 10: DC Motors III

Voltage Regulation

A measure of how the motor will respond to load

VR =

Vt ,

Vt ,
Vt ,

Vt ,oc Vt ,rated
VR =
Vt ,rated

Motor Starting
At onset of starting there is no motion
No back
Motor current will be equal to I a =

Nathan Ozog 2013

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