CCAS 3381 AUTOMOTIVE SKILLS 1

(COOLING SYSTEM)

AHMAD MUZAMMIL BIN MD NOR

1119359

FADHLI AIMAN BIN FARIS TAMTHIL

1214001

SYAZWAN ARIFF BIN MOHD ISHAK

1212379

SITI FATHIYAH BINTI MOHD NORI

1217110

A'AISYAH ZUHAIRA NASHRIN BT WAN AHMAD

1118832

HANEESAH BINTI MOHD GHAZALI

1218022

INTRODUCTION
Although gasoline engines have improved a lot, they are still not very efficient at turning
chemical energy into mechanical power. Most of the energy in the gasoline (perhaps 70%) is
converted into heat, and it is the job of the cooling system to take care of that heat. A typical 4
cylinder vehicle cruising along the highway at around 50 miles per hour, will produce 4000
controlled explosions per minute inside the engine as the spark plugs ignite the fuel in each cylinder
to propel the vehicle down the road.In fact, the cooling system on a car driving down the freeway
dissipates enough heat to heat two average-sized houses!
The modern cooling system has not changed much from the cooling systems in the model T
back in the '20s. Oh sure, it has become infinitely more reliable and efficient at doing it's job, but the
basic cooling system still consists of liquid coolant being circulated through the engine, then out to
the radiator to be cooled by the air stream coming through the front grill of the vehicle.
Today's cooling system must maintain the engine at a constant temperature whether the
outside air temperature is 110 degrees Fahrenheit or 10 below zero. If the engine temperature is
too low, fuel economy will suffer and emissions will rise. If the temperature is allowed to get too hot
for too long, the engine will self destruct.
The primary job of the cooling system is to keep the engine from overheating by transferring
this heat to the air, but the cooling system also has several other important jobs. With engine
combustion reaching extremely high temperatures, the resulting heat needs to be dissipated. An
efficient cooling system is essential to prevent the engine from burning!! Another function of the
cooling system is to regulate the temperature inside the passenger compartment, insuring your
comfort and that of your passengers. The engine in your car runs best at a fairly high temperature.
When the engine is cold, components wear out faster, and the engine is less efficient and emits
more pollution. So another important job of the cooling system is to allow the engine to heat up as
quickly as possible, and then to keep the engine at a constant temperature.
Generally cooling system can be done by circulating coolant liquid usually water mixed with
an antifreeze solution through special cooling passages. Some engines are cooled by air flowing over
finned cylinder casings.

COMPONENT IN COOLING SYSTEM

o
o
o
o

Radiator
Radiator cap
Water Pump
Thermostat

:
:
:
:

To cooled the hot water from engine.

To control the pressure and water level.
To circulate water in cooling system.
To maintain the water temperature by control the
water flow inside cooling system.

Heat sensor

To sense the heat and switch the electric fan.

Radiator Fan

To give air flow through radiator and cooled the

water.
o

Water Hose

To water flow.

Water Jacket

For water flow inside engine.

Reserve Tank

For reserve water.

Water Flow

Water Pump

Water pump (driven by belt connected to crankshaft) sends the fluid into the engine block
and circulate water from engine to radiator to cooling.

Thermostat

o
o
o
o
o
o

Valve open and close are control by water temperature.

It will hold water until the temperature around 70C.
If water temperature is low, valve will in close position. ( 0-70C).
When the temperature is climbing, valve will open depends on temperature.
In open position water goes to radiator
In closed position fluid back to pump & engine
Temperature Sensor

Temperature sensor function ia to switch on the radiator fan to control cooling water
tempreture before its going overheating.
Radiator Cap

To control pressure inside the cooling system.

If pressure inside cooling system to high, valve in cap will open and release the pressure
and water to reserve tank.
When the system cooled back, it will suck back water from reserve tank to top up water
inside cooling system.
Radiator cap increases the boiling point of your coolant by about 25oC

Radiator Fan

Cooling fan controlled to maintain engine constant temperature (FWD - electric fan
controlled by thermostatic switch or ECU)

Water Jacket Inside Engine Head

Reserve Tank

Top-up coolant

How to detect problem with your cooling system.

There are a few ways to know that there is problem with your cooling
system among but the best method is to check your cars heat gauge. The
function of heat gauge or temperature gauge is to tell us the conditions
inside the engine's cooling system, naturally assuming that the readings
are accurate. On the left is an example of how a temperature gauge looks
like in a car. Naturally if the pointer in on the heat gauge reaches the H
mark means that your engine is heat above the temperature allowed and
there might be a problem with your cooling system.
Check for leaks. This should be the first action you take to determine if you have a cooling system
problem.

1) Make sure the car is full of coolant, that it is at operating

temperature and that it is running under correct pressure.

2) Find the different

raised. There is an
heater hoses.

water hoses with the hood of the car

upper and lower engine hose and two

3) Check to be sure that there are no leaks around the hose

clamps or a split in the hoses.

4) Look around the radiator to make sure that it hasn't sprung a

leak and isn't, therefore, the source of your problems.

5) Have the radiator cap checked at an auto supply store to be

sure it is holding pressure.

6) Open your thermostat at your cooling system. Fill a pan with

water and place the thermostat into the water until it's completely
submerged. Start heating the water and place a cooking thermometer
into the water. The thermostat should remain closed until about it
reaches the temperature opening temperature designated on the
body. At this temperature, you should see the thermostat begin to
open. If not your thermostat is broken replace it.

MAJOR FLUSH OF COOLING SYSTEM

Materials:

a large container (or several large containers)

radiator cleaning fluid or coolant cleaning system

fresh coolant

Step 1: Wait until you have a cool engine. If youve been driving, then its always best (not to
mention safer) to wait for your engine to cool down before you start working under your vehicles
hood.
Step 2: Prop up your hood. Again, for this step, make sure that youve turned off your vehicles
engine. Its pretty much the same way youd want to turn off your computer, or any other electrical
gadget for that matter, before you start tinkering with its components.
Step 3: Find your radiator pressure cap and release it. Do exercise a lot of caution when doing this. If
your car has been running for a bit before you prop up your hood, even if your engine is already cool,
theres a chance that pressure build-up has occurred under your radiator pressure cap. When you
release the cap hastily, the cap and the radiator content might just fly off. Avoid this scenario by
being extra-careful.
Step 4: Look for the valve or petcock that will let you drain your radiator. If youre unfamiliar with
this auto part, then I highly suggest consulting your owners manual or any other supplementing
manual as reference.
Step 5: Take your empty container and put it directly under the petcock or the valve. The empty
container(s) will catch the draining fluid that will come out of your radiator.
Step 6: Release the petcock or the valve. Coolant should drain completely into your container. Let
the coolant drain completely.

Step 7: After emptying your radiator, close your petcock or valve and remove the container.
Step 8: Fill up your radiator with water. Take note: not water-coolant mixture, just plain water. Dont
replace your radiator cap just yet.
Step 9: Start your engine. Let your engine idle for a bit as you add your coolant cleanser or radiator
cleaning fluid into your radiator. Depending on the instructions or the time specified by the
manufacturer of your cleanser, you may need to let your vehicle idle for around 20 or even 30
minutes.
Step 10: Turn off your engine. Let your engine sit until it cools down completely.
Step 11: Drain the fluid from your previous container and position it under the radiator.
Step 12: Reopen your petcock or valve (usually found at the base of the radiator) and let the
mixture drain.
Step 13: After draining completely, close your petcock or radiator valve.
Step 14: Remove the filled container and drain it once more.(Youll be using your container again)
Step 15: Fill your radiator with water. Although this is the second time youre doing this, its
important that you keep on repeating this process to clean your radiator from gunk and mineral
deposits completely.
Step 16: Start your engine once more but this time, let it idle for just around five minutes.
Step 17: Turn off your engine and once again, using your container, drain the water from your
radiator. Remember to close your petcock or valve completely after draining your radiator.
Step 18: Bring out your coolant or antifreeze bottle and follow the instructions specified in your
owners manual. Most vehicles require a 50-50 mix of coolant and water. If, however, your owners
manual states otherwise, then follow its instructions to a tee.
Step 19: Replace your radiator cap.

MINOR FLUSH
STEP 1
Open the drain valve at the bottom of the radiator and let all the water out from it.
STEP 2
After all the water out from the radiator, close back the drain valve.
STEP 3
Open the radiator/pressure cap and let the water from the hose in until the water gushed out.
STEP 4
Start the engine of the vehicle and open back the drain valve for the dirty water to come out and
wait until the water become clean.
STEP 5
Close back the drain valve. Fill in the water until the bubbles come out and then close the radiator
cap and turn off the engine.

Conclusion
A radiator flush provides a number of benefits to your vehicle's cooling system. It is a fairly
inexpensive procedure that should be performed once a year or per your owner's manual's
recommendations.There is a significant difference between a flush and a simple draining of the
radiator so make sure you are getting what you are paying for.
The benefits of having your radiator flushed are:
1. Removes Rust and Scale Deposit - Over time rust and scale deposits build up within the
radiator. A flush helps to remove these deposits which get pushed out with the old antifreeze. This is important since these build ups can cause overheating or even damage your
radiator.
2. Lubricate the Water Pump - The additives in the coolant lubricate the vehicles water pump.
This will lengthen the life of the water pump.
3. Removes Contaminants - A flush completely drains the system of the old anti-freeze which
means that any contaminants that have made their way into the system will be flushed out
as well. The additives in the coolant can lose important anti-corrosive properties over time
which leads to the build up of particles. A radiator flush will remove these particles from the
system.
4. Inspection of System - Most places will perform a complete inspection of your cooling
system when they do a radiator flush. They will use pressure tests to check for leaks in the
system. This should be included in the price of the flush and if it isn't it might be best to go
somewhere else.
5. Protect Against Rust and Foam- The new anti-freeze will have additives that help prevent
rust and build up. It will also prevent foaming in the system which helps it operate
efficiently.