http://turnkey.taiwantrade.com.tw/en/Content.aspx?

ID=58
http://www.co2gasplants.com/dry-ice-plants.html
http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blrefrigerator.htm
http://www.katom.com/cat/ice-makers/three-types-of-commercial-ice-maker-condensers-for-your-business.html
Dry Ice Equipment has a wide range of application which are as follows :

With the help of Dry Ice, heat sensitive chemical reactions are carried out.
Hardening of blades etc. is done with dry ice.
Shrink fitting is done with the use of dry ice for closer tolerances.
Decreased downtime through cleaning in-place.
Elimination of equipment damage.
Faster and more thorough cleaning.
For food preservation and transportation, it lowers the temperature and the dry ice evaporates.
Low temperature / cryo grinding etc.

Process for Making Dry Ice:

Principle of ice making

All refrigeration equipments are made of four key components; the evaporator, the condenser, the
compressor and the throttle valve. Ice machines all work the same way. The function of compressor
is to compress low-pressure refrigerant vapor to high-pressure vapor, and deliver it to the
condenser. Here, the high-pressure vapor is condensed into high-pressure liquid, and drained out
through the throttle valve to become low-pressure liquid. At this point, the liquid is conducted to the
evaporator, where heat exchanging occurs, and ice is created. This is one complete refrigeration
cycle.

History[edit]
In 1748, the first known artificial refrigeration was demonstrated by William Cullen at the University
of Glasgow.[1]

In 1844, an American physician, John Gorrie, built a refrigerator based on Oliver Evans' design to
make ice to cool the air for his yellow fever patients.[citation needed]
In 1851, John Gorrie was awarded US Patent 8080 for an ice machine.
In 1853, Alexander Twining was awarded US Patent 10221 for an icemaker. In 1855, James
Harrison received a similar patent for an icemaker in Australia.
In 1867, Andrew Muhl built an ice-making machine in San Antonio, Texas, to help service the
expanding beef industry before moving it to Waco in 1871.[2] In 1873, the patent for this machine was
contracted by the Columbus Iron Works,[3] which produced the world's first commercial icemakers.
William Riley Brown served as its president and George Jasper Golden served as its superintendent.
In 1902, the Teague family of Montgomery purchased control of the firm. Their last advertisement
in Ice and Refrigeration appeared in March 1904.[4] In 1925, controlling interest in the Columbus Iron
Works passed from the Teague family to W.C. Bradely of W.C. Bradley, Co
Types of Ice machine:

Air-Cooled Ice Machines

Most places that need large-scale ice production, including hotels, convenience stores, and restaurants. Does
produce slightly more heat and noise than other two types.
Of all the commercial ice makers sold in the United States, an average of about 70 percent of them are air-cooled ice
machines. While remote ice machines and water-cooled ice machines are somewhat specialized in that they solve
problems for a select group of foodservice operations, the air-cooled ice maker can fit into most any facility.
An air-cooled condenser uses fans to blow cooler ambient air across the coils through which the systems refrigerant
runs, a process that cools that fluid enough to allow it to cool the evaporator plate. An undercounter model of aircooled commercial ice maker will typically draw air in or breath and push it out through a grill on the lower part of
the front of the machine. Modular or head units typically complete that process on either the left or right side of the
box, though some have a grill for that purpose on the front.

Advantages of an Air-Cooled Ice Machine:

Install is much easier than with other types.

These commercial ice makers are typically significantly cheaper than others.
Utility costs are much cheaper than with other designs.

Drawbacks of an Air-Cooled Ice Machine:

2.

Heat and noise of condenser is held in area with the ice maker.
Requires space to breath and good ventilation.
Undercounter units can draw floor dust into refrigeration system, while modular units must cool using hotter
air higher up.

Remote Ice Machines:

A remote ice machine is great for facilities that need to eliminate the heat and noise produced by an ice maker,
especially those operating multiple systems in the same area.
A remote ice machine is actually an air-cooled ice machine with some really long refrigerant lines. In remote ice
machines, the ice maker is typically purchased separately from the condenser and the two are connected by those
long lines. That allows the condenser, which produces the majority of the noise and heat put out by the system, to
operate in a different space, typically outside. Thats a good thing for cramped kitchens or hotels that dont want the ill
effects of an ice machine filling the halls, particularly when they operate several of those systems.
Several remote ice machines can be run with a single condenser rack system, which puts several condensers into
one unit. The efficiency of a remote condenser for a commercial ice machine will vary with the weather outside. Cold
and cooler conditions will be great for it because it will have little to do to cool the refrigerant. Meanwhile, it may
struggle to achieve proper temperatures in hot and dry climates.

Advantages of a Remote Ice Machine:

Puts heat and noise of condenser outside.

Can be fairly efficient in areas with cooler climates.
Several ice makers can be run off one rack system.

Drawbacks of a Remote Ice Machine:

3.

More expensive with separate pieces to buy.

More costly to install, with holes through walls and a pad needed outside for remote condenser.
Problems can arise with lengthy refrigerant lines.

Water-Cooled Ice Machines

Facilities, particularly hotels, where heat and noise from an air-cooled ice machine needs to be eliminated. However,
it is prohibitively impractical in most settings.
The negative side of a water-cooled ice machine will outweigh the positive for all but a select few operations. That
fact is evidenced by the types small foothold it accounts for less than 10 percent of total ice maker orders in the
market. However, it can be a great option for large-scale ice-producing operations like sprawling hotels and ice
houses when used with a water cooling tower on the exterior typically the roof of the building.
Air-cooled ice machines use flowing water to cool the condenser coils and the refrigerant inside. If a cooling tower is
available, water circulates through a trough around the condenser coils, drawing the heat out of the refrigerant
through the metal. It then circles through the tower and runs through its own coils, cooling through exposure to the
outside air before its circulated through the system again. When a cooling tower is not present, these systems must
have two separate water lines and one of them will run nearly constantly to cool the coils. That can boost utility bills
by hundreds of dollars per month and wastes a lot of water. So much so that some municipalities and even whole
states have actually outlawed them without a tower.

Advantages of a Water-Cooled Ice Machine:

Not impacted by high-temperatures that may reduce efficiency of an air-cooled ice machine.
Produces less heat and noise in ice-making area.
Uses slightly less electricity.

Drawbacks of a Water-Cooled Ice Machine:

Uses a tremendous amount of water if not used with a cooling tower.

If not used with tower, cooling water line should be filtered and will require a new cartridge frequently. If not
filtered, particulates in water will likely cause regular problems in refrigeration system.
Illegal in some areas because of high water usage.

Industrial icemakers[edit]
Commercial ice cube makers improve the quality of ice by using moving water. The water is run
down a surface that is constantly at 0 C (32 F) because only water without impurities will freeze at
this temperature on a surface. Water with impurities requires lower temperatures to freeze and will
continue to wash down the surface and through the drain of a commercial icemaker. Air and
undissolved solids will be washed away to such an extent that in horizontal evaporator machines the
water has 98% of the solids removed, resulting in very hard, virtually pure, clear ice. In vertical
evaporators the ice is softer, more so if there are actual individual cube cells. Commercial ice
machines can make different sizes of ice like flakers, crushed, cube, octagon, and tube.
When the sheet of ice on the cold surface reaches the desired thickness, the sheet is slid down onto
a grid of wires, where the sheet's weight causes it to be cut into the desired shapes, after which it
falls into a storage bin.

Flake ice machine[edit]

Flake ice

Flake ice is made of the mixture of brine and water (max 500g salt per ton of water), in some cases
can be directly made from brine water. Thickness between 1 mm and 15 mm, irregular shape with
diameters from 12 mm to 45 mm.
The evaporator of the flake ice machine is a vertically placed drum-shape stainless steel container,
equipped with the rotating blade which spins and scratches the ice of the inner wall of evaporative.
When operating, the principal shaft and blade spins anti-clockwise pushed by the reducer. Water is
sprayed down from the sprinkler; ice is formed from the water brain on the inner wall.

Applications[edit]
Sea water flake ice machine can make ice directly from the sea water. This ice can be used in fast
cooling of fish and other sea products. The fishing industry is the largest user of flake ice machines.
Flake ice can lower the temperature of cleaning water and sea products, therefore it resists the
growth of bacteria and keeps the seafood fresh.
Because of its large contact and less damage with refrigerated materials, it is also applied in
vegetable, fruit and meat storing and transporting.
In baking, during the mixing of flour and milk, flake ice can be added to prevent the flour from selfraising.
In most cases of biosynthesis and chemosynthesis, flake ice is used to control the reaction rate and
maintain the liveness. Flake ice is sanitary, clean with rapid temperature reduction effect.
Flake ice is used as the direct source of water in concrete cooling process, more than 80% in weight.
Concrete will not crack if has been mixed and poured in constant and low temperature.
In Focusun, flake ice is also used for artificial snowing, so it is widely applied in ski resorts and
entertainment park.

Cube icemaker[edit]
Cube ice machines are classified as small ice machines, in contrast to tube ice machines, flake ice
machines, or other ice machines. Common capacities range from 30 kg (65 lb) to 1755 kg (3900 lb).
Since the emergence of cube ice machines in the 1970s, they have evolved into a diverse family of
ice machines.
Cube ice machines are commonly seen as vertical modular devices. The upper part is
an evaporator, and the lower part is an ice bin. The refrigerant circulates inside pipes of salecontained evaporator, where it conducts the heat exchange with water, and freezes the water into
ice cubes. When the water is thoroughly frozen into ice, it is automatically released, and falls into the
ice bin.
The ice bin can also be equipped with compressors.[why?] Generally cube ice machines with over 320
kilograms (710 lb) capacities have built-in compressors in the ice bin for storage prior to sales, for
use when demands are large.
Cube ice is created in a cubic shape, with each edge usually between 15mm and 35mm.[citation
needed]

The surface area of every ton of cube ice is approximately 1,383 square metres

(14,890 sq ft).[citation needed]