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Application Note 91
POWER MOSFETS
TYPE
VOLTAGE DRIVEN
VOLTAGE DRIVEN
Switchung losses
Low to medium
Very low
CGC
CCE
CGE
APPLICATION NOTE
Application Note 91
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IC
IGBTS
POWER MOSFETS
Crss = CGC
Crss = CGD
Reverse transfer
Output
CCG
Rgate
dV/dt
IC = CCG x dV/dt
CGE
QGE
VGE
QCG
VGE(TH)
QGE
VGE
VGE = 0 V
VCE
VGE/TH)
VGE = 0 V
IC
I(t)
V(t)
VCE(sat)
IC = 0 A
ti-rise
VCE
IC
tv-fall
V(t)
19892
APPLICATION NOTE
I(t)
IC-tail
VCE
IC = 0 A
trise
tfall
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Tj = TC + Ptot JC
Where:
SA
JC
CS
Ptot
TC
T
Ptot
JC CS
(2)
Ptot =
TJ TC
JC
APPLICATION NOTE
ESW =
(5)
(t) I C (t ) dt
(6)
(7)
1
VCE I C (ti-rise + tv-fall )
2
(8)
CE
(4)
(3)
FWD
(1)
SA =
Rgate
ESW ( on ) =
Application Note 91
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(10)
1
E SW = VCE I C (ton + toff )
2
(11)
Where:
ESW = switching energy loss
ton = ti-rise + tv-fall = turn-on time
toff = tv-rise + ti-fall = turn-off time
PSW = f SW ESW
(12)
Where:
PSW = switching power loss
fSW = switching frequency
VCC
PSW ( on ) =
1
VCE I C f SW ton
2
Rgate
(13)
VG
19894-1
APPLICATION NOTE
1
PSW (Off ) VCE f SW ( I C tv-rise+ I C tail t i-fall )
2
(14)
I gate ( peak ) =
VGE
Rgate
(15)
Where:
(16)
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Where:
fSW = switching frequency
Hence, the power dissipated for the output of the IGBT
driver IC is:
2
(20)
VGE (V)
QGE
PEmitter = I F VF D
QGC
Where:
D = maximum LED duty cycle
IF = LED forward current
VF = LED forward voltage
Qgate (C)
Fig. 9 - Total IGBT Gate Charge Waveform During Switching
First, the CGE is charged (the CGC is also being charged, but
the amount of charge is very low and negligible). Once the
CGE is charged up to the gate threshold voltage (VGE(TH)), the
device begins to turn on and the current ramps up to the full
value of current in the circuit. Once the full current is
reached, the VCE voltage begins to collapse and the gate
voltage becomes flat due to CGC being charged and the
collector voltage falling off. After the collector voltage has
fallen to its final level, the CGE and CGC are charged to the
gate drive voltage.
To better understand gate charge, it can be shown with the
following equations.
(21)
(17)
(22)
Where:
ICC = Supply current, output open
The total gate driver IC power losses are:
(23)
Qgate
(18)
VGE
NC
Where:
Qgate = total gate charge
Cgate = total gate capacitance
VGE = drivers supply voltage
Vout
0.1 F
VO
Rgate
This means that the charging and discharging the IGBT gate
can be seen as the charging and discharging a capacitor.
1
2
Pgate = C gate VGE f SW
2
VCC
Shield
APPLICATION NOTE
C gate =
LOAD
+ VDC
(19)
VO
NC
VEE
- VDC
Application Note 91
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Where:
tSW = switching time
IGE = current in to CGE
IGC = current in to CGC
Gate Resistor (Rgate) Value
Rgate will need to be selected such that the maximum peak
output current rating of the gate driver optocoupler (IOL(peak))
is not exceeded.
VCC
VCC
CGC
Igate = IGC + IGE
Rgate
CGE
VEE
Fig. 11 - IGBT Gate Current
The IOL is specified when output voltage is low, i.e. when the
gate drive optocoupler is charging the IGBT gate.
Hence, the load draws the highest output current. The
required IOL or Igate to switch the IGBT can be calculated by
using the gate capacitances of the IGBT.
VGE / GC =
1
CGE / GC
VGE / GC =
APPLICATION NOTE
VEE
1
CGE / GC
I GE / GC =
For
I gate =
I GE / GC (t )dt
(24)
I GE / GC t SW
(25)
(29)
Where:
VOL = low-level output voltage of the gate driver optocoupler
UVLO
VGE / GC CGE / GC
t SW
(26)
I gate = I GE + I GC
(27)
(28)
Rgate =
Application Note 91
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VO
VO
Load
VCC
Shield
NC
VCC
VDD
NC
A
Shield
VEE
NC
NC
Shield
VO
NC
VEE
- VDC
VO
CESU
Rgate
VCC
CSOU
8
Vout
0.1 F
VO
1. Layout
C
CESL
VO
APPLICATION NOTE
NC
CSOL
VEE
Application Note 91
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Vishay Semiconductors
Where:
(23)
(20)
PEmitter = I F VF D
(21)
(22)
VCC1
VIN
Floating supply
NC
Control
input
Shield
Open
collector
RIN
0.1 F
VO
Rgate
VO
GND 1
3-Phase
AC
NC
VCC4
RIN
NC
Open
collector
Control
input
Shield
APPLICATION NOTE
VIN
0.1 F
VO
Rgate
GND 1
- High Voltage
DC
VO
NC
Application Note 91
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+ High Voltage
DC
VCC1
VIN
RIN
+
0.1 F
_
NC
Shield
Open
collector
Control
input
VO
VO
GND
Rgate
3-Phase
AC
NC
VEE1
- High Voltage
DC
VCC
VIN
NC
Control
input
Shield
RIN
Open
collector
+
High Voltage
DC
-
0.1 F
VO
Rgate
GND
VO
NC
- VDC
APPLICATION NOTE