Sunteți pe pagina 1din 17

Gaseous fuels

 Water gas
 Producer gas
 Compressed natural gas
 Liquefied petroleum gas

Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

Water Gas
 Composition : H2 51% , CO 41% , N2 -

4% , CO2 4%
 Cal Value - 2800 kcal /m3

 Used as source of hydrogen, in manufacture

of NH3 by Heber's process,


 As fuel, for welding purpose
 Used as source for synthesis of gasoline in FT process
Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

C+ H2O CO + H2 - 28Kcal
C+ 2H2O CO2 + 2H2 - 19Kcal
C+ O2 CO2 + 97Kcal
2C+ O2 2CO + 59Kcal

Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

uses
 As a source of hydrogen gas
 Source of synthetic petrol
 C.V is greater than producer gas

Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

Producer gas
 50% N2, CO -30%, H2

10%, rest CO2


 Cal val -1800 kcal/m3
 Used in open hearth furnace, retorts
 As reducing agent in metallurgy

Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

Manufacture

Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

Reactions in different zones





Ash Zone - heats the incoming air cum steam mixture


Combustion zone Temp = 1100oC

C+ O2 CO2 + 97Kcal
2C+ O2 2CO + 59Kcal

Reduction zone Temp = 1100oC

C+ H2O CO + H2 - 28Kcal
 C+ 2H2O CO2 + 2H2 - 19Kcal
Endothermic, T falls to 1000C
 CO2 + C 2CO 36Kcal
To prevent this air is mixed
 The N I in the air is unaffected, so the mixture of CO and N2 come out as the
with steam
producer gas
 Distillation zone T = 400 800o C
 Incoming coal is heated by outgoing gases
 Heat radiated from reduction zone expels volatile matter from coal


Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

uses
 For heating retorts, muffle furnaces, open

hearth furnaces
 As a reducing agent in metallurgical
operations

Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

Compressed natural gas










CNG is a natural gas compressed to a high pressure of about


1000 atm
primarily of methane but including significant quantities of
ethane, propane, butane, and pentane
Used as auto fuel, 1.5 million CNG driven vehicles in the
world
Less polluting
Require much air for ignition
Lighter than air
a minute amount of odorant such as t-butyl mercaptan, with
a rotting-cabbage-like smell, is added to the otherwise
colorless and odorless gas, so that leaks can be detected
before a fire or explosion occurs.

Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

10

Component

wt. %

Methane (CH4)

70-90

Ethane (C2H6)

5-15

Propane (C3H8) and Butane (C4H10)

<5

CO2, N2, H2S, etc.

balance

Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

11

Uses


major source of electricity generation through the use


of gas turbines and steam turbines.




Natural gas burns cleaner than other fossil fuel


Natural gas can be used to produce hydrogen
Used in automobiles




Compressed natural gas (methane) is used as a


cleaner alternative to other automobile fuels




Residential domestic use


major feedstock for the production of ammonia, via
the Haber process, for use in fertilizer production.

Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

12

Why CNG is preferred over LPG


 SAFE
 Low CO emission
 Better mix with air than liquid fuel
 No emission of toxic pollutants

Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

13

Liquefied petroleum gas *(LPG)


 Hydrocarbons, C3C4
 is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon

gases used as a fuel in heating appliances


and vehicles

Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

14

Varieties of LPG bought and sold include mixes


that are primarily propane, mixes that are
primarily butane, and the more common, mixes
including both propane C3H8 (60%) and butane
C4H10 (40%), depending on the season in
winter more propane, in summer more butane.
Propylene and butylenes are usually also
present in small concentration. A powerful
odorant, ethanethiol, is added so that leaks can
be detected easily. Thiophene or amyl
mercaptan are also approved odorants. .

Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

15

USES
 Large % of Indian households using LPG

as cooking fuel.
 LPG is an ideal power source for a rural
population, either as a primary source or,
increasingly, in combination with
renewable fuels.
 When LPG is used to fuel internal
combustion engines, it is often referred to
as autogas or auto propane.
Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

16

Advantages of LPG over gasoline


(petrol)
 High C.V
 High thermal efficiency
 NO SMOKE
 Easily portable
 Easy handling
 Mix with air easily
 Crank case oil dilution is small, resulting in

increased engine life


Presentation by Abhishek
Srivastava

17

S-ar putea să vă placă și