Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
877
A G-O Yeh
Spatial query &
mapping
Urban
planning
GIS
Geo-processing
functions
data
Non-GIS
database/data
data
Spatial
analysis &
modelling
878
Level of use
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
General administration
Development control
Plan making
Mapping
Spatial analysis
Spatial modelling
(a)
100%
Level of use
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
General administration
Development control
Plan making
Description
Prediction
Prescription
(b)
Fig 2. (a) Use of GIS functions in urban planning; and (b) their importance for description, prediction, and
prescription functions in three types of urban planning activity.
879
A G-O Yeh
880
Determination of
objectives
GIS
Resource inventory
Analysis of existing
situation
Selection of
planning options
Plan implementation
Other databases
and models
Fig 3. Integration of GIS, remote sensing, and other databases and models in the planning process.
881
A G-O Yeh
Generate and
evaluate
alternatives
Database
management
system
Decision-maker
Alternative
selected
Model-based
management
system
User
interface
Display
generator
Report
generator
882
Problems
Database
software
Problem
definition and
redefinition
Urban IS
Mapping
GIS
Objectives
Spreadsheets
Forecasts
Alternatives
Evaluations
Expert
systems
Delphi methods
Brainstorming
Negotiation
Scenario writing
Transport
Choices
Optimisation
Goal
formulation
Bargaining
Land-use
Group decision
Consensus
building
Goals
Implementation
Scheduling
software
Networks
Monitoring
Links to other
decision
processes
Problem
redefinition
883
A G-O Yeh
GIS
GIS
commands
macros
GIS
import
Data
export
GIS
commands
GIS
compiled
modelling
programs
macros
macros
modelling
programs
GIS
database
(a)
Loosely-coupled architecture
for integrating models with GIS
statistical
analysis
package
GIS
commands
with
modelling
functions
GIS
database
(b)
Tightly-coupled architecture
for integrating models with GIS
GIS
database
(c)
Fully-integrated architecture
for integrating models with GIS
Fig 6. Integration of models with GIS: (a) loosely-coupled; (b) tightly-coupled; and (c) fully-integrated architecture.
884
4.2.1 Organisation
885
A G-O Yeh
886
5 CONCLUSION
References
Akom A A 1982 Information system for planning in Ghana.
Ekistics 292: 737
Armstrong M P, Densham P J 1990 Database organisation
strategies for spatial decision support systems. International
Journal of Geographical Information Systems 4: 320
Armstrong M P, Densham P J, Lolonis P, Rushton G 1992
Cartographic displays to support locational decision-making.
Cartography and Geographic Information Systems 19: 15464
Armstrong M P, Densham P J, Rushton G 1986 Architecture for
a microcomputer-based decision support system. Proceedings,
Second International Symposium on Spatial Data Handling.
Williamsville, International Geographical Union: 1201
Bardon K S, Elliott C J, Stothers N 1984 Computer
applications in local authority planning departments 1984: a
review. Birmingham, Department of Planning and
Landscape, City of Birmingham Polytechnic
Barnsley M J, Barr S L, Hamid A, Muller J P A L, Sadler G J,
Shepherd J W 1993 Analytical tools to monitor urban areas.
In Mather P M (ed.) Geographical information handling
research and applications. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons:
14784
887
A G-O Yeh
Douven W, Grothe M, Nijkamp P, Scholten H 1993 Urban
and regional planning models and GIS. In Masser I, Onsrud
H (eds) Diffusion and use of geographic information
technologies. Dordrecht, Kluwer: 31737
888