Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
1.-INTRODUCTION
Wood
is a raw vegetable material. It comes from the trunks of trees and bushes. People have
used wood for many purposes such as: fuel, paper, houses, tools, weapons,
cellulose fibres
Heartwood: hard and dry, extracted and processed for all types of woodworking
Mechanical resistance: wood has good mechanical resistance against forces of traction,
compression or bending
TRANSPORT
The logs are transported to the sawmill, using vehicles equipped with lifting gear.
In the Tropics, large numbers of logs are transported by floating them in rivers and allowing them
to be carried down stream by the current, to sawmills.
SAWING
At the sawmill, the logs are cut into boards using
equipment such as circular saws and bandsaws.
Large circular saws are then used to process the
boards, removing the curved edges. Each processed
piece of wood now looks like a board or plank.
DRYING
PLANING
The wood is planed to make the wood smooth and evenly flat
and give it a good finish
There is great confusion about the terms hardwood and softwood. These terms do not refer to its
technical properties but its origin. In this way, there are softwood trees which have hard wood and
viceversa.
Hardwood trees :
decidious trees
they grow slowly and have thick trunks, they contain little resin
they can be in many different colours
Examples:
Beech: heavy and easy to work with, used in furniture, floors, chairs, toys
Oak: heavy, very hard and resistant, used in solid furniture, parquets, boats
Cherry, mahogany
Softwood trees:
conifers
They grow quickly
the wood is resinous
wood is light and easy to work
Examples:
Pine: Resistant, easy to work with. Used: furniture,, boats, posts
White fir: elastic, not very resistant. Used: building, boats, carpentry, paper...
Red fir, white poplar
Plywood : thin sheets of wood glued together Fibreboards: the fibres come from milling the
and compressed. The fibres in one sheet are at wood chips. The planks have different grades of
density: MD, LD
90 angle to the fibres in the next sheet.
Compact, flexible
Very sensitive to humidity
USES: exterior covering, shelving, doors
USES: doors, joinery, pakaging
Chipboard: made with wood chips glued together and compressed. Fragile and not easily
deformed, although they can ocasionally bend. USES: doors, furnishing, insulation panel
Paper
Making paper: wood is pulped and mixed with water and chemical products to make cellulose
paste. This is compressed and rolled out by a machine until it becomes a sheet of paper
5.- TOOLS: ( draw the tools in your notes)
For measuring:
Measuring tape,
carpenter`s square
To secure pieces:
C-clamp
bench-vice
clamp
coping saw
hacksaw
To drill
Drill
gimlet
to carve
Chisel
Nylon/rubber mallet
To plane
Rasp
To join
Hammer
pliers
wrench
screwdriver
shear
allen key
ACTIVITIES:
1 What are the two main substances that wood is composed of ?