Standards Limits for Power Transformer

12/23/2009 12:04 PM

can you help me? what is the standard limits & the reference Number of the ff:
1. Insulation resistance Test
2. Polarization Index
3. Winding Resistance Test
4. Insulation Power Factor Test
5.Excitation Current Test
6. Bushing Hot Collar Test
7. Oil Dielectric Breakdown Voltage Test
8. Capacitance Test
Dear atchet
Pls read the following articles, these articles were taken from many literatures and my
experiences to rewound, assessment of power transformer 150 KV

Fig.1 __Rewinding Furnace Transformer 43000 Amps

Excitation current
Excitation current measurements for field detection of shorted turn and heavy core
damaged such as shorted laminations, core bolt insulation breakdown
Test instruments using same instrument for Power Factor Tangent Delta Test, test
voltage should not exceed the rated line to line voltage (for Delta connection) or Line
to neutral voltage (for wye connection), generally these test are made at 2.5, 5 or 10
kV as the rating of equipment, and winding that normally grounded in service should
be grounded during test,
The test instrument connected to High voltage winding with UST (Ungrounded
Specimen Test) mode defect in the low voltage winding will still be detected
On single phase transformer, the excitation current should be test with energize at
high voltage (H1 and H2), and the two current obtained should be the same or
compare to the previous test ( factory measurement).,
On the individual phases of three phase transformer also must be compared. For
three phase core from transformer, a pattern of two similar current and one low
current is expected, the lower current for one of the phases usually phase H2.
Ho for Wye connection and Phase H1-H2, for Delta connection, the magnetic
reluctance of these phases is lower than the other two phases and therefore result in
lower excitation current value. Three phase shell form transformer may also yield a
pattern of two similar current and one low current but only if the secondary winding
is delta connection.
When excitation current test are incl in factory test, these test should be compared.
On repaired Transformer the value of excitation current will generally increase, its
can produced by defective core, joint construction, change of the hysteresis and eddy
current characteristic due to handling of the core steel also effect the excitation
current.
The serious fault found have increase excitation current by greater than 10
% over normal or previously measurement or between phase..
For test connection please see the Illustration.
Single phase transformer

ie

Energize UST Float

H1 H2 H1

H2 X1, X2

H2 H1 H2

H1 X1, X2

For three phases Transformer (Wye Connection)

ie

Energize UST Float

Ground

H1 Ho H1

Ho H2 H3, X1, X2, X3 ***

H2 Ho H2

Ho H1, H3, X1, X2,X3 ***

H3 - Ho H3

Ho H1, H2, X1, X2,X3 ***

*** If " X " is Wye-connected, Xo is grounded

For three phases Transformer (Delta Connection)

ie

Energize UST Ground Float

H1 H2 H1

H2

H3 *** X1, X2, X3

H2 H3 H2

H3

H1 *** X1, X2, X3

H3 H1 H3

H1

H2 *** X1, X2, X3

*** If " X " is Wye Connected, Xo is grounded

__________________