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LECTURE
SUB-OBJECTIVE
At the end of this Lesson the Trainee will be able to describe without error
cooling and dehumidifying.
1.0
INTRODUCTION
Refrigeration is the heart of the comfort cooling part of air conditioning. All
comfort cooling systems use one of the standard refrigerating cycles, standard
refrigerants, standard types of compressors, condensers, piping, refrigerant
controls, motor controls and evaporators.
The refrigerant evaporating
temperature of most comfort cooling systems is about 40 to 50 F. (4 to 10 C).
This chapter describes most designs, which use mechanical refrigeration for
cooling and dehumidifying.
Absorption systems are becoming more popular for comfort cooling purposes.
2.0
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AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
Fig. 10-3-1. Basic operation of a conditioner, which cools, air and removes
moisture from fresh and re-cumulated air.
Cool air leaving the evaporator is at 100 percent relative humidity. This
saturated air, as it mixes with air in the conditioned space, warms up
somewhat. Thus relative humidity is brought down to a comfortable level.
There is a more positive way to control relative humidity. It involves by passing
some of the return at into the air conditioner outlet to warm up the cooled air
before it leaves the duct system. This method is shown in Fig. 10-3-2.
2.1
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AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
In a cooling cycle, the dry bulb db temperature of the air is lowered. When this
happens (Fig. 10-3-3 A to B) the relative humidity increases. Some moisture
would be removed to make this air comfortable. Moisture can be removed by
either of two methods:
1.
2.
Cool the air down to the saturation curve at C and then remove moisture
by condensing it on a cool surface. See line C to D, Fig. 10-3-3. The
distance from C to D is the drop in vapor pressure or grains of moisture
removed.
3.0
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AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
1.
2.
1.
Window units.
2.
Through-the-wall units.
3.
Cabinet units.
Remote units are of two types:
3.1
1.
2.
The central air conditioning plant. The condensing unit and the
evaporator are installed away from the place being contained. A cooled
brine or water is circulated to heat exchangers in the various spaces to
be conditioned.
By mechanical refrigeration.
2.
By absorption refrigeration.
3.
With ice.
Ice may be the cooling medium, particularly if cooling is only needed for a few
days of the year. Cold water from streams or wells may also be used. The
water should be 50 F 40 C) or cooler to produce satisfactory dehumidification
removal of moisture from the air).
Condensing unit.
3.
Motor-driven fans,.
4.
Filters.
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AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
3.2
5.
6.
Motor controls.
7.
8.
Piping.
9.
Refrigerant.
Both types have a complete refrigeration plant. This includes condensing unit,
refrigerant valves and evaporators. Filtering equipment is also a part of the
system. Individual room thermostats provide control. These units may also be
classified as window or in-the-wall units, or console units.
The window units and in-the wall units are air-cooled, easily mounted and
operate from 120V or 240V single-phase circuits. Capacity varies from 4000
Btu/hr. to 40,000 Btu/hr.
Console units may be either air-cooled ro water-cooled. They are installed in
the room to be conditioned or in an adjacent room with short ducts to deliver air
and provide for return air.
4.0
WINDOW UNITS
The window or wall-mounted comfort cooler is very popular. The window unit
mounts on a window will and installation is relative easy. The condenser is
locate din the section of the cabinet that is outside the building. Outside air is
forced over the condenser by a fan. Inside the room another fan draws air in
through a filter and forces it over the evaporator.
The same motor may drive the two airflow fans or each may have its
own motor. Fig. 10-3-4 shows the airflow in a window air conditioner.
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AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
Axial type fan is used at condenser. Evaporator air circuit uses radial flow fan. Same
motor drives both fans.
Window units are available in several types. One type cools and filters the air
and has a fresh air intake. Another type has these same devices but, in
addition, has an electrical resistance-heating unit to furnish heat. A third type
uses a reverse cycle system (heat pump) to permit the use of the refrigerating
units both for comfort cooling and heating.
Window units may be obtained to fit double hung window casement windows
or they can be installed in special wall openings.
The condensate from the evaporator is often drained to the base of the motor
compressor and the condenser where it helps to cool these parts. A capillary
tube or a bypass type AEV refrigerant control is usually used.
Some units change the cooled airflow from side to side at the unit runs.
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AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
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AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
Fig. 10-3-6. Oscillating grille deflector. The conditioned air outlet for an air
conditioner which, continually sweeps the air from side to side as long as the
fan runs. an air turbine.
5.0
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AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
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AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
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AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS