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INTRODUCTION TO COMPRESSORS
LECTURE
SUB-OBJECTIVE
At the end of this lesson the trainee will be able to:
1.0
1.
2.
3.
4.
LAWS OF REFRIGERATION
The compression system is the basis of operation of the refrigeration units
described in this chapter.
One must understand the system to accurately diagnose (identify) mechanical
difficulties.
Many types of compression mechanisms are explained to help the service
technician become familiar with their basic operations.
All refrigerating systems depend on five thermal laws:
1.
Fluids absorb heat while changing from a liquid state to a vapor state
and give up heat in changing from a vapor to a liquid.
2.
3.
4.
4.
MODULE 4
AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION
COMPRESSION SYSTEMS AND COMPRESSORS
LESSON 1 PAGE 1
2.0
COMPRESSION CYCLE
The compression cycle is so named because it is the compressor, which
changes the refrigerant vapor from low pressure to high pressure.
This pumping causes the transfer of heat energy from the inside of the cabinet
to the outside. Since the compression machine transfers heat from one place
to another, it may also be called a heat pump.
A refrigerating system consists principally of a high pressure side and a lowpressure side Fig. 4-1-1.
A refrigeration cycle follows these steps: From the liquid receiver, G, liquid
AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION
MODULE 4
LESSON 1 PAGE 2
COMPRESSION SYSTEMS AND COMPRESSORS
Fig. 4-1-2. The heat of the vapor is compressed into a small space and raises
the vapor temperature greatly.
A-V1
This
MODULE 4
AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION
COMPRESSION SYSTEMS AND COMPRESSORS
LESSON 3 PAGE 3
Which
Which=
Which
Which=
Which
Which=
=
The temperature of the vapor at end of the
intake stroke
50 F. (10 C.). B-V2
=
The volume of the vapor at the end of the
compression stroke
1/2 cu. in. (8.2 cm3). T 2
=
the temperature of the vapor at the end of the
compression stroke
250 F. (121 C.).
In Fig. 4-1-1, the compressed high temperature vapor is pushed through the
exhaust valve, E, into the condenser, F.
In the condenser, heat from the refrigerant is passed on to the surrounding air.
In giving up this heat, it returns to a liquid and is tore in the receiver. From
here the cycle is repeated.
To have a transfer of heat, there must be a temperature difference. To get the
temperature difference, there must be a low pressure side (heat absorber) and
a high-pressure side(heat dissipater).
3.0
refrigerator.
4.0
1.
Evaporator. 2.
Suction line. 3.
4.
Condenser
Capillary tube, A to B.
6.
Accumulator
5.
Compressor
Fig. 4-1-5. Shell type evaporator used with capillary tube or high-side float type
refrigerant control (Houdaifle-Hersey).
5.0
EVAPORATOR
The liquid refrigerant entering the evaporator from the refrigerant flow control
is suddenly under low pressure.
This makes it vaporize (boil) and absorb heat. The vapors move on into the
suction line.
If all of the liquid refrigerant has not vaporized in the evaporator, there is
usually a cylinder (accumulator) to prevent liquid refrigerant has not vaporized
in the evaporator, there is usually a cylinder (accumulator) to prevent liquid
refrigerant from flowing into the suction line.
Evaporators are mainly of two types, a dry system and the flooded system.
Refrigerant is fed into the dry system evaporator only as fast as is needed to
maintain the temperature wanted.
In the flooded system, the evaporator is always filled with liquid refrigerant.
The type of refrigerant control used determines the type of evaporator to be
used.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Fin tube type with forced circulation. This type of evaporator is used
most with frost-free construction. (See views A and B of Fig. 4-1-8 &
4.1.7
6.0
ACCUMULATOR
The accumulator is a safety device to prevent liquid refrigerant from flowing
1.
MODULE 4
AIR CONDITIONING AND REFRIGERATION
COMPRESSION SYSTEMS AND COMPRESSORS
LESSON 11 PAGE 11
2.
A Fin type evaporator. Note that the trough is their to collect and
carry away the defrost moisture, which drains from the evaporator
during the defrost part of the cycle.