CAUSATIVE VERBS

Causative verbs show that one person makes another person do something. A causative verb is followed
by another verb in (1) the simple form, (2) the infinitive form, or (3) the past participle form. The
causative verb can be in any tense.
Common Causative Verbs that Require the Simple Form

Make
Have
let

Noun Phrase

Causative verb

Noun (person)

The manager

Made
Will have
Could have let

Mr. Smith

Verb (simple
form)
demonstrate

Noun Phrase
The product

Causative verbs followed by Active Direct Objects + the infinitive

Get
Want
Order
Permit
allow

Noun
Phrase
The
manager

Causative verb

Noun
(person)
Mr. Charlie

Got
Wants
Can order
Will permit
Should have allowed

Verb (infinitive
form)
To
demonstrate

Noun Phrase
The product

Causative Verbs Followed by Passive Direct Objects + the Past Participle

Have
get

Noun Phrase

Causative verb

Noun phrase

The architect

Had
Will get

The plans

Incorrect: Mr. carter had Mr. Yung reviewed the report

Correct: Mr. Carter had Mr. Yung review the report
Incorrect: The manager let his assistant gives the presentation
Correct: The manager let his assistant give the presentation
Incorrect: Mr. Chin will allow Mr. Baur will attend the meeting
Correct: Mr. Chin will allow Mr. Baur to attend the meeting
Incorrect: The president got Dr. Carrino speak at the seminar
Correct: The president got Dr. Carrino to speak at the seminar.
Incorrect: The new director had the office was painted
Correct: The new director had the office painted

Verb (past
participle form)
drawn

Noun Phrase
By his
draftsman

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

The personnel director made the applicant________________half an hour

(a) Wait
(b) Waited
(c) Waiting
(d) Waits
Mr. Wang cant have the package________________ until Monday
(a) Deliver
(b) Will deliver
(c) Delivering
(d) Delivered
Our company wants its clients______________ with our work
(a) Satisfying
(b) Satisfy
(c) Satisfied
(d) Satisfaction
Ill have my assistant_____________________ for an appointment
(a) Called
(b) Calling
(c) Will call
(d) Call
The owner had the store____________________ for the holiday
(a) Close
(b) Closing
(c) Closed
(d) Will close

RELATIVE CLAUSE
A relative clause combines two sentences. The second sentence describes a noun in the first sentence.
Relative Pronoun
That
Which
Who
Whom
Whose
where

Pronoun for things (used only in restrictive clause)

Pronoun for things
Subject pronoun for people
Object pronoun for people
Possessive pronoun
Pronoun for places

Incorrect: The report that we sent it last week was returned

Correct: The report that we sent last week was returned
Incorect: The manager who he hired an assistant is still overworked
Correct : The manager who hired an assistant is still overworked.
Incorrect: Mr. Huan, his mother owns the company, works very hard.
Correct: Mr. Huan, whose mother owns the company, works very hard.

Incorrect: This report, it was published last week, is not accurate

Correct: This report, which was published last week, is not accurate.
Incorrect: The sales representative which just started made several big sales
Correct: The sales representative who just started made several big sales
Incorrect: The package who we were expecting finally arrived
Correct : The package that we were expecting finally arrived.
1. Ms Christin,______________ is quite well known, is arriving at 3.00
(a) When
(b) Whom
(c) That
(d) Who
2. A letter_____________is not properly typed is hard to read
(a) Which it
(b) It
(c) That it
(d) That
3. Mr. La Porte________________vacation starts tomorrow, has already left
(a) Whose
(b) His
(c) The
(d) Its
4. The report_____this process is in the library
(a) It explains
(b) Explains
(c) Who explains
(d) That explains
5. A machine_______ could monitor efficiency would be very useful
(a) Whom
(b) That
(c) It
(d) When
(e)
Gerund and infinitives
The main verb in a sentence can be followed by a second verb.The second verb can be a gerund
(-ing form) or an infinitive (to+ verb). The main verb usually determines which form is used.
Common verbs followed by a geund
Appreciate
I appreciate having the opportunity to speak
Avoid
They avoided looking us in the eye
Consider
We considered staying longer

Delay
Discuss
Enjoy
Finish
Mind
Miss
Postpone
Quit
Risk
suggest

We delayed writing you until we had more information

Have you discussed working together on this project?
We enjoyed having you for dinner
They will finish correcting the report soon
She minded using our toothbrush
We miss going to the movies with you
Could we postpone leaving?
He wants to quit smoking
They risked losing everything
We suggest leaving on time

Agree
Attempt
Claim
Decide
Demand
Fail
Hesitate
Hope
Intend
Learn
Need
Offer
Plan
Prepare
Refuse
Seem
want

Common verbs followed by an infinitive

He agreed to complete the project
They attempted to climb Mt. Fuji
She claims to be an expert
He decided to hire her anyway
He demanded to know what we were doing
We failed to give a satisfactory answer
I hesitated to tell the truth
We hope to leave before dawn
She intends to start her own club
They will learn to swim at camp
She needs to stop smoking
They offered to take us home
We plan to accept their offer
She prepared to leave
He refused to come with us
She seemed to be annoyed
He didnt want to leave.

1.

2.

3.

Mr Ingles is preparing________ his speech

(a) Give
(b) Giving
(c) Given
(d) To give
We did not want__________ the meeting
(a) To Delay
(b) Delaying
(c) Delayed
(d) Delay
The committee postponed_____________until tomorrow
(a) To vote
(b) Voted
(c) Vote

4.

5.

(d) Voting
The president considered_____________a train instead of a plane
(a) Taking
(b) Will take
(c) Taken
(d) To take
The company failed______________ a profit last year
(a) Make
(b) Made
(c) Making
(d) To make