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1.INTRODUCTION
IMAGINE a situation where while traveling in a vehicle in a large
metropolis with a small handheld wireless device, a person can
seamlessly visualize the entire environment ahead (like
buildings, streets, highways, and shopping malls) and, at the
same time can track other vehicles that may come in his way to
avoid any accidents. Era of next generation of intelligent
wireless systems ahead, effectively termed as 4G, is slowly
taking shape to make such highly intelligent, user-focused
personalized service like virtual navigation a reality. Different
industry and research organizations worldwide like NTT
DoCoMo, QualComm, Nokia, Ericsson, Motorola, Alcatel,
WWRF, ITU, IEEE, Mobile VCE and 4GW-PCC, to name a few,
are all set to make 4G wireless systems hit the commercial
market by 2010.
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Paper No 36-C; Copyright 2006 by the IETE..
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Mobile Services
Personal
Mobility
and
Session
Multioperator-oriented
system
intelligent
billing
Vitally important
problems
challenges
and
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TABLE 1 (Contd...)
Vitally important
problems
Aim
challenges
and
QoS Maintenance
Dependability
Security aspects
Routing
Protocol Requirements
Communication Challenges
Enhancing spectrum efficiency and
channel capacity along with ubiquitous
coverage.
and
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b. Mobile Services
b.1. Personal and Session Mobility
In 4G eras it is critical to ensure that users get convenient access
to the services needed at any given situation. In this context user
mobility has become an important aspect in the design of nextgeneration wireless communication systems. Researchers have
focused on three such mobility-related research areas: terminal
mobility deals with mobility of users having a single device
(discussed under sub-section 3.C.1), session mobility deals with
user in a PAN having multiple personal devices to provide a live
session and personal mobility concentrates on provision of
personalized operating environments for users along with user
movements [2]. In personal mobility a service required by the
user will be instantaneously delivered irrespective of the users
location, device and device location, operator/provider domain
and, type of network. So, unlike terminal mobility, session and
personal mobility concentrate more on user movements rather
than terminal movements.
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Fig 2 (a) User is confused with the underlying technology to choose; (b) Multimode terminal helps him to automatically track and select the available
technology appropriate for his service
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decisions are coordinated by a central server) or individuallymanaged (each sub-network manage its own decision) or part
centrally part individuallymanaged (location management
decisions jointly taken by central server and individual networks).
Though the centralized scenario seems optimal but it needs
close inter sub-network coordination and chances of signaling
bottlenecks are always there. The second approach has the
disadvantage of higher update cost but has much less paging
overhead than the third.
Possible Research Directions: Research analysis has shown that
nearly all the proposed Transport layer protocols for wireless
mobility management like TCP, UDP, SCTP and DCCP have
proved ineffective in handling problems related to location
management. However, nearly all Network layer and higher layer
protocols [13] supports efficient location management features
and might play fruitful roles in future location information
management researches on issues like location estimation,
location prediction and location privacy. Other related challenges
which needs attention are provision of better location
coordination among the different diverse sub-networks, and
optimally matching call to mobility ratio and location update rate.
Lastly, special mentioning is required about the challenges
related to managing the location of future mobile software
modules that will play an important role in the next generation
network era.
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8.
4. CONCLUSION
With the plethora of promising features 4G is truly moving
towards getting universally accepted as the ideal next generation
communication system. 4G is visualized as a conglomeration of
different heterogeneous access technologies. With this view, this
article discussed the probable research challenges under the
different headings of mobile terminals and users, mobile
services, mobile and wireless access networks, and
communication challenges along with their proposed potential
solutions. While some of these challenges like multimode user
terminals, automatic network selection, seamless mobility
management and smooth interworking of different
heterogeneous access networks have drawn much research
attentions, others like routing, protocol requirements, services
and the different communication-related challenges demand
much more research enhancements. The article also identified
the different unaccessed or less accessed research topics, which
need significant contributions for the 4G visions to come true by
2010.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
15.
The author Iti Saha Misra is thankful to AICTE, India for the
financial support of this research under CAYT.
16.
REFERENCES
17.
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AUTHOR
Iti Saha misra is presently holding the
post of Reader in the Department of
Electronics
and
Telecommunication
Engineering,
Jadavpur
University,
Kolkata, India. She received her BTech
degree in Radio Physics and Electronics
from Calcutta University (1989) and
Masters
in
Telecommunication
Engineering from Jadavpur University
(1991), Kolkata. She completed PhD in
Engineering in the field of Microstrip Antennas from Jadavpur
University (1996). Her current research interests are in the areas
of Mobility Management Network Architecture and protocols,
Integration Architecture of WLAN and 3G Networks, Location
Management for Cellular Wireless Networks. Her other research
activities are related to Microstrip. Antennas, Design Optimization
of Wire Antennas using Numerical Techniques. Dr Saha Misra
has authored several journal and International Conference
papers. She is the recipient of the prestigious Career award for
Young teachers by All India Council for Technical Education
(AICTE) for the financial year 2003-2004.
*
http://folk.uio.no/paalee