AntiRamVehicleBarriers:

RatingSystems
AStoneSecurityEngineeringWhitePaper
November 2, 2009


AntiRamVehicleBarriers:RatingSystems
AStoneSecurityEngineeringWhitePaper
November2,2009
Page2
AppliedKnowledge

Summary
Todate,theDepartmentofState(DoS),DepartmentofDefense(DoD),USGeneralAdministration
(GSA)/InteragencySecurityCommittee(ISC)andASTMhavedevelopedratingsystemsand
requirementsand/ortestingstandards.TheUnitedKingdomalsohasadoptedatestingandrating
standardwhichsomeoftheproprietarysystemshaveusedfortesting.Ratingsystemsaredefinedby
somecombinationofthesize,velocityandangleofapproachofthedesignvehicle(whichcanbe
translatedintoKineticEnergy)andtheallowablepenetrationdistance.
Priortospecifyingantiramperformancerequirementsthedesignteamshouldunderstandthe
differentratingsystemsandtheproofofperformancemethodsthatmayberequiredbythe
specification.
DepartmentofStateRatingsandTestingRequirements
TheoriginalDoSratingsystemandteststandardwaspublishedinSDSTD02.01CertificationStandard:
TestMethodforVehicleCrashTestingofPerimeterBarriersandGates,datedApril1985.Thiswas
subsequentlyrevisedinSDSTD02.01,RevisionACertificationStandard:TestMethodforVehicle
CrashTestingofPerimeterBarriersandGates,datedMarch2003.Thesedocumentsprovidespecified
levelsofvehicleimpactresistanceanddetailsofthetestingrequirementstogainDoScertification.
ThestandardvehiclemassforthecurrentDoSratingsystemisamediumdutytruckwithagross
vehicleweightof6,800kg(15,000lb).ImpactConditionDesignationsareshowninthetablebelow.

DoSImpactConditions
NominalImpactSpeed

Designation

80kph(50mph

K12

65kph(40mph)

K8

50kph(30mph)

K4

Fromaratingsystemperspective,theprimarychangefromthe1985tothe2003documentwasthe
removalofdifferentallowablepenetrationdistances.The1985documentutilizedLratingsto
describetheamountofpenetrationthatoccurredfromthemediumdutytrucktravellingatthe
nominalimpactspeed.The2003documentremovedthedifferentpenetrationdistancesandnow
requiresthatallbarriersreceivingaDoScertificationallownomorethan1m(3.33ft)penetration
beyondtheinsideperimeterofthebarrier.
Thepenetrationdistanceismeasuredbasedonreferencepointsonboththevehicleandthebarrier
system.Thereferencepointsinthe2003standardareattheleadingedgeofthetestvehiclescargo
bedandattheinsideface(e.g.nonimpactside)ofthebarrier.Distancesarebasedonthedynamic
penetration,thatisthemaximumpenetrationdistanceasopposedtothefinalpenetrationdistance.
ThefollowingtableprovidesthepreviouspenetrationratingsystemusedbyDoS.Thisisprovidedas
manyoftheearlyproprietarysystemswerecertifiedusingtheLpenetrationratingsystem.While
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AntiRamVehicleBarriers:RatingSystems
AStoneSecurityEngineeringWhitePaper
November2,2009
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AppliedKnowledge

thetestedsystemswithpenetrationdistancesgreaterthan1m(3.3ft)nolongermeetDoS
requirements,theymaybecorrelatedwiththenewASTMRatingSystem(describedbelow)whichmay
beusefulinDoDprojectswhichhavemoreflexibilityastotherequirementsofthevehiclebarrier
systems.

DoSPenetrationRatings*
Designation

Penetration

L3.0

<=1m(3.3ft)

L2.0

<=6m(20ft)

L1.0

<=15m(50ft)

*nolongerusedforDoSprojects

USGeneralServicesAdministrationRatingsandRequirements
TheGeneralServicesAdministrationfirstpublishedtheirblast/securitydesigncriteria,DraftGSA
SecurityDesignCriteria,in1998.Beforethisdocumentwasfinalized,theInteragencySecurity
Committee(ISC)wasestablishedandtheGSAdocumentwasupdatedandpublishedasthe
InteragencySecurityCommitteeSecurityDesignCriteriaforNewFederalOfficeBuildingsandMajor
ModernizationProjectsinMay2001.
TheISCdocumentprovidesdesignvehicleweightsandvelocitiesbutdoesnotprescribetesting
requirements,kineticenergy,orcertificationrequirements.ISCvehicleweightsandvelocitiesaretied
tothelevelofprotectionrequiredforthespecificfacilitybeingprotected.
ASTMRatingsandRequirements
ASTMhasdevelopedaStandardTestMethodforVehicleCrashTestingofPerimeterBarriers,Standard
F265607.ThisstandardbuildsontheDoSstandardsandexpandsifforawiderrangeofproject
requirements(i.e.differentvehiclesizes,additionalvelocities,andallowablepenetrationdistances).
ThefollowingtablesshowasummaryofImpactConditionDesignationsandPenetrationRatings.

ASTMImpactConditionDesignation
TestVehicleWeight

NominalImpact
Velocity

ConditionDesignation*

1,100kg(2,430lbm)

65kph(40mph)

C40

80kph(50mph)

C50

100kph(60mph)

C60

65kph(40mph)

PU40

80kph(50mph)

PU50

100kph(60mph)

PU60

2,300kg(5,070lbm)

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AntiRamVehicleBarriers:RatingSystems
AStoneSecurityEngineeringWhitePaper
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TestVehicleWeight

NominalImpact
Velocity

ConditionDesignation*

6,800kg(15,000lbm)

50kph(30mph)

M30

65kph(40mph)

M40

80kph(50mph)

M50

50kph(30mph)

H30

65kph(40mph)

H40

80kph(50mph)

H50

29,500kg(65,000lbm)

*TheprefixintheConditionDesignatorreferstothevehicletype.C=Car,PU=PickupM=MediumdutyTruckandH=HeavyGoods
Vehicle.

ASTMPenetrationRatings
Designation

Penetration

P1

<=1m(3.3ft)

P2

1.01mto7m(3.3ftto23.1ft)

P3

7.01mto30m(23.1ftto98.4ft)

P4

30m(98ft)orgreater

.
ThecurrentDoSratingsofK12,K8andK4canbedescribedintermsoftheASTMratingsystemas
follows:

K12=M50P1

K8=M40P1

K4=M30P1

PenetrationdistancemeasurementsintheASTMdocumentarethesameasintheDoS2003document
(i.e.dynamicpenetrationasmeasuredfromsetreferencepointsonthevehicleandthebarrier).
DepartmentofDefense
TheDoDnolongerhasaproprietaryratingsystem(theNavyhadaratingsystem,butitisnolongerin
use).PerformancerequirementsforspecificprojectsarebasedoneithertheDoSortheASTMtesting
standardsandratingsystems.
WhiletheDoSandGSAhavealimitedarrayofimpactconditionsand/orpenetrationratingswhichare
requiredforprojects,theDoDhastheabilitytotailorspecificprojectrequirementstosite,threat,and
assetconditions.
UnitedKingdom
TheprevalentantiramtestingstandardintheUnitedKingdomisthePubliclyAvailableSpecification:
PAS68:2007.ThisstandardisbasedonsimilarpremisesastheDoSandASTMdocuments.ThePAS
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AntiRamVehicleBarriers:RatingSystems
AStoneSecurityEngineeringWhitePaper
November2,2009
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allowstestingbyvehicleimpactorpendulumimpactandallowsanalysis(Design)forextrapolatingtest
resultstoalternateratingsorsystemconfigurations.ThePAS68provides3classificationsystems
basedonthemethodofclassification(i.e.vehicleimpact,pendulumimpactoranalysis).

VehicleImpact:fourpartclassificationsystemprecededbyaV.

BarrierType

TestWeight(kg)/Velocity(km/hr)

VehiclePenetration(m)

DispersionofMajorDebris(m)

PendulumImpact:threepartclassificationsystemprecededbyaP.

BarrierType

TestEnergy(kJ)

PendulumWeight(kg)/ReleaseHeight(m)

DesignMethod:twopartclassificationsystemsprecededbyaD.

BarrierType

DesignEnergy(kJ).

AclassificationthroughthevehicleimpacttestmethodwillbetheclosesttoaDoSorASTMrating.
ThevehicleweightcategoriesoftheASTMstandardsandthePAS68canroughlybecomparedas
showninthefollowingtable,withthePAS68vehicleweightslargerthanthecorrespondingASTM
vehicleweight.Thereareotherdifferencesinthevehicles,basedonthevehicleconfiguration
differencesbetweentheUnitedStatesandtheUnitedKingdom.

ASTMvsPAS68VehicleWeights
ASTMTestVehicle
Weight

PAS68VehicleWeights

1,100kg

1,500kg

2,300kg(5,070lbm)

2.500kg
3,500kg

6,800kg(15,000lbm)

7,500kg

29,500kg(65,000lbm)

32,000kg

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