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Inequalities
ERHS Math Club
1. Squares are positive x20, Factoring, Quadratics
a. Prove the Arithmetic Mean- Geometric Mean inequality for two variables:
ab
ab for all a,b0.
2
b. Prove a 2 b 2 c 2 ab bc ca by multiplying by 2 and factoring as squares.
c. Prove that a 3 b 3 c 3 3abc by factoring. Conclude the AM-GM inequality
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
for 3 variables.
Find all values of k such that x2+y2kxy for all real numbers x and y.
Find the largest value of k such that x4+4x2y2+y4k(x3y+xy3) for all real
numbers x and y.
Prove that x4+24x2y2+16y48x3y+32xy3 for all real x,y.
Prove that if a>b>c>d and a+d=b+c then bc >ad. (Hint: let s=a+b. Factor bcad)
2
2
2
Prove Aczels Inequality: if a1 a 2 ...a n then
2
i. [Romanian Olympiad 1983] Let a1,a5 and x,y be real numbers such that
2
2
2
2
2
(a1 a 2 a3 a 4 a5 ) 2 3(a1 a 2 a3 a 4 a5 ) . Prove that
2
(a1 a 2 a3 a 4 a5 x y ) 2 a1 a 2 a3 a 4 a5 x 2 y 2
j. [IMO 2008/2] Prove that if , and are three real numbers, all different from
, such that
, then
.
k. Problem 38 on Olympiad Inequalities
2. Power-Mean
a. Prove the Quadratic Mean- Arithmetic Mean Inequality for two variables:
ab
a2 b2
for a, b0.
2
b. Prove the Harmonic Mean- Arithmetic Mean Inequality for two variables:
2
ab
1 1
2 for a,b>0.
a b
a b
c. Prove that 2 for a,b >0
b a
d. Prove that for a,b>0, 2 a 33 b 5 ab
am bm
an bn
i. Prove that for a,b,c,d>0,
1
1
1
1
1 1 1 1 1
( )
abc abd acd bcd 3 a b c d
j. A die has 6 sides. Each number has a fixed probability of coming up (not
necessarily 1/6). Find the minimum possible probability of getting the same
number after rolling it twice.
k. Problem 15 on Olympiad Inequalities
l. Problem 20 on Olympiad Inequalities
3. Rearrangement
a. Four boxes contain $10, $20, $50, $100 bills, respectively. You may take 3
bills from one box, 4 bills from another, 5 bills from another, and 6 bills from
the remaining box. What is the maximum amount of money you can get?
b. Prove 1(b) by rearrangement.
c. Prove 2(f) by rearrangement.
d. Prove that for a,b>0,
a2 b2
ab
b
a
y2 z2 x2 y z x
f.
...
1 ...
2
2
2
2
n
1 2
n
4. Cauchy-Schwarz
a. Prove that for a,b>0, (a b)(a 3 b 3 ) (a 2 b 2 ) 2
b. Prove that for a,b,c,d0, (a c)(b d ) ab cd
c. Prove that for a,b,c,d>0,
1 1 4 16
64
a b c d abcd
ab bc cd d a 2
one side lying on AB. Also, the two squares each have an edge lying on a
common line perpendicular to AB, and P has one vertex on AC and Q has one
vertex on BC. Determine the minimum value of the sum of the areas of the
two squares.
j. [IMO 2004/4] Let
be an integer. Let , , ..., be positive real
numbers such that
.
Show that ,
. Prove
that
l. [IMO 2004/5] Let be a positive integer and let
numbers.
Prove that
be real
is an arithmetic