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Base quantities
Derived
quantities
Scalar quantity
Vector quantity
Consistency
Accuracy
Sensitivity
Error
Zero error
ERROR that arises when the measuring instrument does not start from exactly
zero.
Systematic
errors
Random errors
The TOTAL PATH travelled by an object from one point to the other.
Displacement
Speed
Velocity
Acceleration
Inertia
Mass
Momentum
Elastic collision
The collision where the kinetic energy is conserved after the collision.
Inelastic collision
The collision where the kinetic energy is not conserved after the
collision
Force
Frictional force
Impulse
Impulsive force
Force of Gravity/
Gravitational force
FORCE originated from centre of Earth that pulls objects towards the
ground.
Free fall
Weight
Resultant force
Force in equilibrium/
Balanced forces
Work
Energy
ABILITY to do work.
Kinetic energy
Gravitational
potential energy
ENERGY STORED in the object because of its height above the earth
surface.
Elastic potential
energy
Power
Elasticity
Spring constant
Elastic limit
Principle of
conservation of
energy
A body will either remain at rest or continue with constant velocity unless
it is acted by an external force.
To every ACTION, there is a reaction with the same magnitude but in the
opposite direction.
Hookes law
Density
Gas pressure
Force per unit area exerted by the gas particles as they collide with the
walls of the container.
Atmospheric pressure
The force per unit area exerted against a surface by the weight of the
air molecules above that surface.
Buoyant force/
Upthrust
Pascals Principle
Archimedes Principle
Bernoullis Principle
CHAPTER 4 HEAT
Temperature
Heat
Thermal equilibrium
Heat capacity
Latent heat
LAW
Boyles Law
Charles Law
Pressure Law
CHAPTER 5 LIGHT
Real image
Virtual image
Focal point(mirror)
The POINT to which all rays parallel to principal axis converge or from
which they appear to diverge.
Focal length(mirror)
The DISTANCE between the focal point and the pole of mirror.
Refraction
Refractive index
c
v
Critical angle
Focal point(lens)
The POINT to which all rays parallel to the principle axis converge/
diverge after refraction by the lens
Focal length(lens)
Linear magnification
Power of lens
Power
1
, where f is focal length(measured in meter).
f
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection (i = r), and the
incident ray, normal and reflected ray lie in the same plane.
Snells Law
sin i
(a constant)
sin r
where i is the angle of incidence and r is the angle of refraction.
Lens formula
1 1 1
, u is object distance, v is image distance, f is focal length
u v f
CHAPTER 6 WAVES
Waves
Wavefront
An imaginary LINE that join all the points on the crest of a wave.
Transverse wave
Longitudinal wave
Amplitude, a
Period, T
Frequency, f
Wavelength,
Wave speed, v
Damping
Resonance
Natural frequency
Reflection of waves
PHENOMENON where the return of all or part of the waves when they
strikes on an obstacle.
[direction ; v =; =; f =]
Refraction of waves
Diffraction of waves
Interference of
waves
Coherent source
Constructive
interference
Destructive
interference
Occurs when the crest of one wave coincides with the trough of the other
wave, thus canceling each other with the result that the resultant
amplitude is zero.
Antinode
Node
Monochromatic light
Electromagnetic
waves
PRINCIPLE
Principle of
superposition
CHAPTER 7 ELECTRICITY
Electric current, I
Electric field
Potential difference,
V
Ohmic conductor
Non-ohmic
conductor
Resistance, R
Superconductor
Electromotive force
(e.m.f.)
Internal resistance, r
The resistance against the moving charge due to the electrolyte in the
source.
Electrical energy
Electric power, P
Power rating
LAW
Ohms Law
CHAPTER 8 ELECTROMAGNETISM
Electromagnet
Magnetic field
Electromagnetic
induction
Induced current
Transformer
LAW
Lenzs Law
Faradays Law
RULE
Right Hand Grip Rule
Flemings Right
Hand Rule
CHAPTER 9 ELECTRONICS
Thermionic
emission
Cathode ray
Cathode ray
oscilloscope(CRO)
Conductor
Semiconductor
Insulator
Doping
Diode
Rectification
Logic gates
CHAPTER 10 RADIOACTIVITY
Atom
Proton number
Nucleon number
Isotopes
Atoms of an element which have the same proton number but different
nucleon number.
Radioactivity
Radioactive decay
Alpha particles ( )
Beta particles ( )
Gamma rays ( )
Radioisotope
Half-life
TIME TAKEN for the number of undecayed nuclei to reduce to half of its
original number.
1
of the mass of the carbon-12 atom.
12
Nuclear fission
The splitting of a heavy nucleus into two lighter nuclei with release large
amount of energy.
Nuclear fusion
The combining of two lighter nuclei to form a heavier nucleus with release
large amount of energy.
PRINCIPLE
Einsteins Principle
of Mass-Energy
Conservation
The relationship between the mass and the energy is given by equation:
E = mc2
where E = energy released(J);
m = loss of mass or mass defect(kg);
c = speed of light = 3.00 108 ms-1.