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WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Wewilldiscussabout;
Mukasurat 2
WhatisWireless
Devicescommonlyuse
Practicalpurposes
Typesofwireless
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Todays Internet
Terminals:
PCs
Applications : Best effort, email, FTP, surfing etc
Mukasurat 3
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
wirelesstechnology isgenerallyusedformobileIT
equipment.Itencompassescellulartelephones,
personaldigitalassistants(PDA's),andwireless
networking.
Mukasurat 4
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Otherexamplesofwirelesstechnology
includeGPSunits,garagedooropenersand
orgaragedoors,wirelesscomputermiceand
keyboards,satellitetelevisionandcordless
telephones.
Mukasurat 5
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
WhatisWireless?
Wirelessnetworkingtechnologiesrangefrom
global voiceanddatanetworks,whichallowusers
toestablishwirelessconnectionsacrosslong
distances,toinfraredlight andradiofrequency
technologies thatareoptimizedforshortrange
wirelessconnections.
Mukasurat 6
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Wirelessnetwork mostcommonlyusetorefertoa
telecommunicationsnetworkwhose
interconnectionsbetweennodes isimplemented
withouttheuseofwires,suchasacomputer
network.
Wirelesstelecommunicationsnetworksaregenerally
implementedwithsometypeofinformation
transmissionsystemthatuseselectromagnetic
waves,suchasradiowaves,forthecarrier
Mukasurat 7
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Wireless communicationinvolves
radio frequencycommunication
microwave communication,forexamplelongrange
lineofsightviahighlydirectionalantennas,orshort
rangecommunication
infrared(IR)shortrangecommunication,for
examplefromremotecontrols orviaIRDA
Applicationsmayinvolvepointtopointcommunication,
pointtomultipointcommunication,broadcasting ,
cellularnetworks andotherwirelessnetworks.
Mukasurat 8
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Devicescommonlyusewirelessnetworking
technologies:
portablecomputers,
desktopcomputers,
handheldcomputers,
personaldigitalassistants(PDAs),
cellularphones,
penbasedcomputers,
pagers,GPSetc.
Mukasurat 9
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Thepracticalpurposes
mobileuserscanusetheircellularphoneto
accessemail.
Travelerswithportablecomputerscanconnectto
theInternetthroughbasestationsinstalledin
airports,railwaystations,andotherpublic
locations.
Athome,userscanconnectdevicesontheir
desktoptosynchronizedataandtransferfiles.
Mukasurat 10
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Type of Wireless Network
Wirelesswideareanetworks(WWANs)
Wirelessmetropolitanareanetworks(WMANs)
Wirelesslocalareanetworks(WLANs)
Wirelesspersonalareanetworks(WPANs)
Mukasurat 11
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Type of Wireless Network : WWAN
WWANtechnologiesenableuserstoestablish
wirelessconnectionsoverremotepublicorprivate
networks.Theseconnectionscanbemaintained
overlargegeographicalareas,suchascitiesor
countries,throughtheuseofmultipleantenna
sitesorsatellitesystemsmaintainedbywireless
serviceproviders.
Mukasurat 12
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Type of Wireless Network : WMAN
WMANtechnologiesenableuserstoestablish
wirelessconnectionsbetweenmultiplelocations
withinametropolitanarea(forexample,between
multipleofficebuildingsinacityoronauniversity
campus),withoutthehighcostoflayingfiberor
coppercablingandleasinglines
Mukasurat 13
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Type of Wireless Network : WLAN
WirelessLocalAreaNetworks(WLAN)are
implementedasanextensiontowiredLANswithin
abuildingandcanprovidethefinalfewmetersof
connectivitybetweenawirednetworkandthe
mobileuser.
Mukasurat 14
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Type of Wireless Network : WLAN
WirelessLocalAreaNetworks(WLAN)are
implementedasanextensiontowiredLANswithin
abuildingandcanprovidethefinalfewmetersof
connectivitybetweenawirednetworkandthe
mobileuser.
Mukasurat 15
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Type of Wireless Network : WLAN
WLANtechnologiesenableuserstoestablishwireless
connectionswithinalocalarea(forexample,withina
corporateorcampusbuilding,orinapublicspace,suchas
anairport).WLANscanbeusedintemporaryofficesor
otherspaceswheretheinstallationofextensivecabling
wouldbeprohibitive,ortosupplementanexistingLANso
thatuserscanworkatdifferentlocationswithinabuilding
atdifferenttimes.
Mukasurat 16
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Type of Wireless Network : WPAN
WPANtechnologiesenableuserstoestablishadhoc,
wirelesscommunicationsfordevices(suchasPDAs,
cellularphones,orlaptops)thatareusedwithina
personaloperatingspace(POS).
APOSisthespacesurroundingaperson,uptoa
distanceof10meters.
Mukasurat 17
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Application
Voiceandmessaging,
HandheldandotherInternetenabled
devices,and
DataNetworking.
Mukasurat 18
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Voiceandmessaging,
Cellphones,pagers.
analogordigitalstandards
TheanalogstandardistheAdvanced
MobilePhoneService(AMPS).
DigitalstandardsareGlobalSystemfor
MobileCommunications(GSM),
TimeDivisionMultipleAccess(TDMA),or
CodeDivisionMultipleAccess(CDMA).
Mukasurat 19
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
HandheldandotherInternetenableddevices
InternetenabledcellphonesandPersonalDigitalAssistants
(PDAs)canconnecttotheInternetacrossadigitalwireless
network.
UsesWirelessApplicationProtocol(WAP),andWML(Wireless
MarkupLanguage)
Mukasurat 20
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
HandheldandotherInternetenableddevices
themajorityofcurrentInternetcontentisnotoptimizedfor
thesedevices;presently,onlyemail,stockquotes,news,
messages,andsimpletransactionorientedservicesare
available.
Otherlimitationsincludelowbandwidth(lessthan14Kbps),
lowqualityofservice,highcost,theneedforadditional
equipment,andhighutilizationofdevices'batterypower.
Nevertheless,thistypeofwirelesstechnologyisgrowing
rapidlywithbetterandmoreinteroperableproducts.
Mukasurat 21
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Application:DataNetworking.
InfraRed
wirelesslocalareanetworks(WLANs)
broadbandwireless.
Bluetooth,
WiMax
Mukasurat 22
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
InfraredDataTransmission
IrDA(InfraredDataAssociation)isanindustrystandardfor
wirelesscommunicationwithinfraredlight.(NonRF)
ManylaptopssoldtodayareequippedwithanIrDA
compatibletransceiverthatenablescommunicationwith
otherdevices,suchasprinters,modems,LANs,orother
laptops.Thetransferspeedrangesfrom2400 bpsto4 Mbps.
Requireslineofsighttransmission
Mukasurat 23
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Bluetooth isanindustrialspecificationforwireless
personalareanetworks (PANs).
Designedforveryshortrange<10m
connectandexchangeinformationbetweendevices
suchasmobilephones,laptops,PCs,printers,digital
cameras andvideogameconsoles overasecure,
globallyunlicensedshortrangeradiofrequency.
Frequency2.4GHz,
Dataspeedupto3Mbps
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2QawYoignHI
Mukasurat 24
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
WiFi theunderlyingtechnologyofwireless localarea
networks (WLAN)
basedontheIEEE802.11 specifications.
usedformobilecomputingdevices,suchaslaptops,
inLANs,increasinglyusedformoreservices,including
Internet andVoIP phoneaccess,gaming,andbasic
connectivityofconsumerelectronics suchas
televisions andDVDplayers,ordigitalcameras
Frequency2.4GHz
Range100300feet(indoor)300900feet(outdoor)
Mukasurat 25
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
WiMax
Toextendtherangeofwirelessnetwork
Speeduptto70Mbps
Range30miles
Providesaccesstointernetaccesstofixedlocation
withlargercoverage
Mukasurat 26
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Broadbandwirelessaccess isatechnologyaimedat
providinghighspeedwireless accessoverawide
areafromdevicessuchaspersonalcomputersto
datanetworks.Accordingtothe802.162004
standard,broadbandmeans'havinginstantaneous
bandwidth greaterthanaround1MHz and
supportingdataratesgreaterthanabout1.5Mbit/s'.
Itisplannedtobeusedinthenextfewyearsandis
estimatedtohavearangeof50km(30miles).
Mukasurat 27
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Mukasurat 28
Cellularsystems
0G
1G
2G
3G
4G
Mobilephones:1G2G3G4G
1G
1Gisshortforfirstgenerationwirelesstelephone
technology.Thisgenerationofphonesandnetworksis
representedbythebricksizedanalogphones
introducedinthe1980s.Subsequentnumbersrefer
tonewerandupcomingtechnology.
Mobilephones:1G2G3G4G
2G
2Gphonesusedigitalnetworks.Goingalldigitalallowedfor
theintroductionofdigitaldataservices,suchasSMSand
email.2Gnetworksandtheirdigitalnaturealsomadeitmore
difficulttoeavesdroponmobilephonecalls.
Mobilephones:1G2G3G4G
3G
3Gnetworksareaninbetweenstandard.3Gisseenmoreas
pre4Ginsteadofastandardofitsown.Theadvantage3G
networkshaveover2Gnetworksisspeed.3Gnetworksare
builttohandletheneedsoftodayswirelessusers.This
standardofwirelessnetworksincreasesthespeedofinternet
browsing,pictureandvideomessaging,andhandheldGPS
use.
Mobilephones:1G2G3G4G
4G
4G(AKABeyond3G)isliketheothergenerationsinthatits
advantageliesinpromisedincreasedspeedsindata
transmission.Thereiscurrentlynoformaldefinitionfor4G,
butthereareobjectives.Oneoftheseobjectivesisfor4Gto
becomeafullyIPbasedsystem,muchlikemoderncomputer
networks.Thesupposedspeedsfor4Gwillbebetween100
Mbit/sand1Gbit/s.
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Application:DataNetworking.
wirelesslocalareanetworks(WLANs)
WLANsarebasedontheIEEE802.11standard.
TherearethreephysicallayersforWLANs:tworadiofrequencyspecifications(RF
directsequenceandfrequencyhoppingspreadspectrum)andoneinfrared
(IR).
MostWLANsoperateinthe2.4GHzlicensefreefrequencybandandhave
throughputratesupto2Mbps.
Thenew802.11bstandardisdirectsequenceonly,andprovidesthroughput
ratesupto11Mbps.
Currentlythepredominantstandard,itiswidelysupportedbyvendorssuchas
Cisco,Lucent,Apple,etc.
Bythemiddleof2002,anewstandard,802.11a,willoperateinthe5GHz
licensefreefrequencybandandisexpectedtoprovidethroughputratesup
to54Mbps.
Mukasurat 33
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Application:DataNetworking.
wirelesslocalareanetworks(WLANs)
WLANconfigurationsvaryfromsimple,independent,peertopeer
connectionsbetweenasetofPCs,tomorecomplex,intrabuilding
infrastructurenetworks.
Wirelesssolutions:
1
Apointtopointsolutionisusedtobridgebetweentwolocal
areanetworks,andtoprovideanalternativetocablebetweentwo
geographicallydistantlocations(upto30miles).
2.
Pointtomultipointsolutionsconnectseveral,separatelocations
toonesinglelocationorbuilding.
Bothpointtopointandpointtomultipointcanbebasedonthe
802.11bstandardoronmorecostlyinfraredbasedsolutionsthatcan
providethroughputratesupto622Mbps
Mukasurat 34
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Application:DataNetworking.
wirelesslocalareanetworks(WLANs)
TwobasiccomponentsforWLANinfrastructureconfiguration:
1.AccessPoints Anaccesspoint/basestationconnectstoaLANbymeansof
Ethernetcable.Usuallyinstalledintheceiling,accesspointsreceive,buffer,
andtransmitdatabetweentheWLANandthewirednetworkinfrastructure.A
singleaccesspointsupportsonaveragetwentyusersandhasacoverage
varyingfrom20metersinareaswithobstacles(walls,stairways,elevators)
andupto100metersinareaswithclearlineofsight.Abuildingmayrequire
severalaccesspointstoprovidecompletecoverageandallowuserstoroam
seamlesslybetweenaccesspoints.
2.WirelessClientAdapter Awirelessadapterconnectsusersviaanaccess
pointtotherestoftheLAN.AwirelessadaptercanbeaPCcardinalaptop,
anISAorPCIadapterinadesktopcomputer,orcanbefullyintegratedwithin
ahandhelddevice.
Mukasurat 35
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Application:DataNetworking.
wirelesslocalareanetworks(WLANs)
broadbandwireless.
Bluetooth,
Mukasurat 36
WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY
Application:DataNetworking.
wirelesslocalareanetworks(WLANs)
broadbandwireless.
Bluetooth,
Mukasurat 37