FINAL MISSILE ELIMINATION

LONGHORN ARMY AffiiUNITION PLANT

' 6 MAY 1991
1030

1035

Welcome Remarks
LTC Jeffrey w. Russell, Commander
Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant
PERSHING II motor burn

1035

1040

Introduction of Maj oz'

General Parker, Director of the
On-Site Inspection Agency
Gen. Parker Remarks

1040

1045

Introduction of General
Lieutenant Vladimir Medvedev,
Director of Soviet Nuclear Risk
Reduction center
Gen. Medvedev Remarks

1045

1050

Introduction of Mr. Michael W.

Owen, Principal Deputy Assistant
Secretary of the Army (ILE)
Mr. Owen Remarks

1050

1053

Introduction of Ambassador Ronald

F. Lehman II, Director of the
United States Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency
Mr. Lehman fires last motor.

1053

1055

Honor Guard Marches into Position

1055

1110

Ambassador Ronald F. Lehman II

Remarks

1110

1113

1113

1115

Honor Guard Dismissed

1115

1120

Ambassador Lehman Departs

PERSHING

Units Honored

RONALD F. LEHMAN II
Director, U. S. Arms Control and Disarmament

Agency

Ambassador Ronald F. Lehman II, has been Director of the United

States Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), since 1989. In
this capacity he serves as principal advisor to the President, the
Secretary of State and the National Security Council on arms control
issues; is a member of the National Space Council and the Export
Administration Review Board; attends summits and meetings between
U.S. and Soviet Foreign Ministers; testifies before the U.S. Congress;
addresses the United Nations First Committee and the Geneva
Conference on Disarmament; is on the Advisory Board of the United
States Institute of Peace; and headed the U.S. Delegation to the Fourth
Review Conference of the Nuclear Proliferation Treaty.
Ron Lehman came to ACDA from the Department of Defense where
he served as the Assistant Secretary for International Security Policy
with responsibility for NATO and European defense policy; military
cooperation and security assistance; U.S. nuclear, arms control, and
space policies; and technology transfer controls including supervision of
the Defense Technology Security Administration. He chaired the NATO
High Level Group (HLG) on NATO nuclear forces policy, was a member of
the Defense Resources Board (ORB), the Defense Acquisition Board
(DAB), the Executive Committee overseeing the On-Site Inspection
Agency (OSIA), and served as Executive Branch Commissioner-Observer
on the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE).
From 1986 to 1988, Dr Lehman was the U.S. Chief Negotiator on
Strategic Nuclear Arms (START) at the U.S./Soviet Nuclear and Space
Arms Talks in Geneva.
He served in the White House from 1983 to 1986 as Deputy
Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (Defense Policy),
Deputy U.S. Negotiator on Strategic Nuclear Arms,. Special Assistant to
the President for National Security Affairs, and Senior Director for
Defense Programs and Arms Control on the National Security Council
Staff.
Before going to the NSC Staff, he served as Deputy Assistant
Secretary of Defense and was a senior advisor to U.S. delegation to the
United Nations Special Session on Disarmament, a delegation member
at the U.SJU.S.S.R. bilateral discussions on nuclear proliferation, and a
representative to the U.SJSovlet talks on Direct Communications Links.
Previously, he was a member of the Professional Staff of the United
States Senate Armed Services Committee where he prepared legislation,
conducted Investigations and reviewed the defense budget, weapons

procurement, manpower, research and development, arms control, and

Asian and Pacific security.
Ron Lehman came to Washington In 1974 as a Public Affairs Fellow
of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution and Peace at Stanford,
California.
Born In California's Napa Valley In 1946, he graduated from
Claremont Men's College In 1968 and received his Ph.D. In Government
from the Claremont Graduate School In 1975. He has taught graduate
level courses In Georgetown University's National Security Studies
Program. Ron Lehman and his wife, Susan, reside In Arlington, Virginia.

MICHAEL W. OWEN
Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army
(Installations, Logistics and Environment)
Michael W. Owen assumed the responsibilities of the Principal
Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Army (installations, Logistics and
Environment) on July 1, 1985. He was originally appointed in the
Reagan Administration and was subsequently reappointed in the Bush
Administration.
In his position he helps carry out the Army Secretariat
responsibilities of executive oversight, policy development, and
management in the areas of installations management, military family
housing and facilities construction, logistics, transportation, environment,
safety, occupational health, and commercial activities.
He also serves as the Deputy for Chemical Demilitarization where
he directs the highly sensitive program to dispose of this nation's
chemical munitions stockpile as mandated by law and the U. SJSoviet
bilateral accord on chemical weapons.
He is a graduate of Towson State University in Baltimore,
Maryland, where he received a Bachelor's degree in Political Science
and History. He worked from 1972 until 1973 as a Staff Assistant for the
Baltimore City Council.
In 1973, he joined the staff of United States Congresswoman
Marjorie S. Holt (A, 4th-MD). He functioned as a Legislative Assistant for
the Congresswoman and was responsible for liaison with the
Congresswoman's primary Committee - the House Armed Services
Committee.
In 1979, he became Chief of Staff to Congresswoman Holt. In this
position, he was responsible for the management of her Congressional
staff, formulation of legislative policy and strategy, and was the
Congresswoman's chief political advisor.
Throughout his service on Capitol Hill he also served as a White
House advance representative for countless Presidential and Vice
Presidential official, State and political visits throughout the world.
Michael Owen resides with his wife Anne and their three children in
Annapolis, Maryland.

Fact Sheet
(703) 742-4326

OSIA Office of Public Affairs

Dulles International Airport
Washington, DC 20041-0498

MAJOR GENERAL ROBERT W. PARKER, USAF

Director, On-Site Inspection Agency
Major General Robert W. Parker, U.S. Air
Force, is Director of the On-Site Inspection
Agency (OSIA), in Washington, D.C. The
Agency is responsible for carrying out inspection and escort requirements under the verification provisions of U.S. international arms control treaties.
General Parker was born Dec. 30, 1941, in
White Plains, N.Y. He was raised in Cadyville,
N.Y., and graduated from St. John's Academy,
Plattsburgh, N.Y., in June 1959. He earned a
bachelor's degree in business administration
from St. Michael's College in June 1963 and a
master'sdegree in business administrationfrom
Ohio State University in September 1967. The
general completed Squadron Officer School in
1968, Air Command and Staff College in 1974,
Industrial College of the Armed Forces in 1975
and the Air War College as a distinguished
graduate in 1981.
A distinguished graduate of the Air Force
Reserve Officer Training Corps program,
General Parker entered the Air Force in July
1963 as an executive officer with the 741st
Strategic Missile Squadron. Minot Air Force
Base, N.D. Later that year he entered the
missile career field as a missile combat crew
memberwith the 68th Strategic Missile SquadCurrent: 6 March 1991

ron, Ellsworth Air Force Base, S.D. He served

as an instructor and evaluator in the Minuteman
weapon system. In July 1967 he was certified
combat ready on the first airborne launch control system missile crew.
From January 1969 to August 1970 he
served as an airborne launch control system
instructor in the 431Sth Combat Crew Training
Squadron. Vandenberg Air Force Base, Calif.
He then returnedto EllsworthAir Force Base as
chief. airborne launch control system. opera-

General Parker

tional readiness training, with the 4th Airborne

Command Control Squadron. His next assignment in February 1972 was to Headquarters
Strategic Air Command, Offutt Air Force Base.
Neb . where he served successively as a missile operations staff officer, as executive officer
to both the director of command control, and the
deputy chief of staff for operations.

vember 1985 to June 1987 he served as commander of the 321 st Strategic Missile Wing,
Grand Forks Air Force Base, N.D. He then
served as Air Force member, Chairman's Staff
Group, Office of the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of
Staff. In June 1988 he became the senior
military advisor to the Director, U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency. General Parker
assumed his current office at OSIA on January
25, 1991.

General Parker was assigned to the Directorate of Plans, Headquarters, U.S. Air Force,
Washington, D.C. in June 1976. During his tour
in the Air Staff, he served as a nuclear weapons
plans officer, as special assistant to the deputy
director for forces and as executive officer,
Directorate of Plans. He was assigned to the
321st Strategic Missile Wing, Grand Forks Air
Force Base, N.D., in June 1981 as assistant
deputy commander for operations.
In May
1983 the general assumed the duties of deputy
commander for operations. He was assigned
as vice commander of the 341 st Strategic Missile Wing, Malmstrom Air Force Base, Mont.,
from January 1984 to August 1984, when he
assumed command of the wing.
From No-

The general's military decorations and

awards include the Defense Distinguished
Service Medal, the Legion of Merit, Airman's
Medal, Meritorious Service Medal with one oak
leaf cluster, and Air Force Commendation medal
with one oak leaf cluster. He has nearly eight
years of missile combat crew experience and
has accrued more than 800 flying hours as a
missile crew member-airborne.
General Parker is married to the former Ann
Ward of Spearfish, S.D. They have fourchildren:
Ward, Christine, Michelle and Barbara.

LIEUTENANT COLONEL JEFFREY W. RUSSELL, USA

Commander, Longhorn Army Ammunition
Plant

Lieutenant Colonel Jeffrey W.

Russell, Is Commanding Officer at
Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant, in
Karnack, TX. A native of Winchester,
MA, he was commissioned from
ROTC at Middlebury College,
Middlebury, VT, where he majored in
Biology. He entered active duty in
January 1972.
He has served in a variety of
ammunition troop and depot
assignments In Germany, Japan and
Korea in addition to stateside
assignments at Seneca Army Depot,
N-Y. The U.S. Army Ordnance
Missile and Munition Center and
School (USAOMMCS), Redstone
Arsenal, AL, and the U.S. Army
Military Personnel Center (Ordnance
Branch}, Alexandria, VA.
He commanded companies at
Seneca and the USAOMMC and served
as the Executive Officer, 6th
Ordnance Battalion, Camp Ames,
Korea.

Prior to assuming command of

Longhorn on 12July1989, LTC Russell
was assigned to Headquarters, U.S.
Army Materiel Command,
Alexandria, VA.

He Is a Graduate of the
Ordnance Officer Basic and
Advanced Courses, the Armed
Forces Staff College , and the
Program Manager's Course, Defense
Systems Management College. He
has a Master's Degree in Education
from Elmira College.

L TC Russell and his wife, Nancy,

live In Marshall, TX. Their son, Robert,
attends the College of William and
Mary, Williamsburg, VA, and their
daughter Beckee is a Senior at
Marshall High School.

UNITED STATES ARMY MISSILE COMMAND

REDSTONE ARSENAL, ALABAMA

The U.S. Army Missile Command (MICOM), a major commodity command

of the U.S. Army Materiel Command, has its headquarters at Redstone Arsenal
and also runs the installation.
MICOM is responsible for missiles and rockets and the supporting
equipment required to field them as weapon systems. The command's mission
includes: research, development, engineering, testing, procurement, production
and logistics support of operational missile and rocket systems.
MICOM combines the facilities, personnel and missions of several
predecessor Army organizations which, at the same location, have directed the
Army's expanding missile and rocket activities at Redstone Arsenal for more
than 35 years.
Its predecessors fielded the army's first generation missile and rocket
systems and made major contributions in the late 1950's to early American space
exploration efforts, including the launching of the United States' first scientific
earth satellite. NASA's major space vehicle development organization, the
Marshall Space Flight Center, also located at Redstone, was activated in 1960
from a nucleus of former Army civilian employees at Redstone. Efforts to
develop a ballistic missile defense system also began as a research and
development program managed by one of MICOM's predecessors.
MICOM's programs today include a full spectrum of weapon systems
ranging from manportable, ground-to-air and anti-tank missiles to longer-range
missiles that can deliver nuclear warheads with great accuracy. Its research and
development team pioneered the emerging technology of "smart" or
precision-guided munitions, artillery shells, bombs, rockets and missiles that
home on laser beams.
Although the command's responsibilities are world wide, most of its team
of about 8,500 soldiers and civilians are at Redstone Arsenal. The command's
test ranges, laboratories, buildings, and highly-specialized equipment comprise a
total investment of about $800 million. Its annual budget averages more than $7
billion, including funds to buy and support missiles and rockets for the U. S.
Army missiles and rockets.
Missiles and rockets are not manufactured at Redstone Arsenal.
Traditionally, the Army has turned to American industry and business for their
manufacture, a task managed by MICOM.

LONGHORN ARMY AMMUNITION PLANT

INTRODUCTION
Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant (AAP) is a government-owned,
contractor-operated military industrial installation under the
jurisdiction of the U.S. Army Armament, Munitions and Chemical
Command (AMCCOM).
It is located in Harrison County, Texas, near
the town of Marshall. The installation was established in 1941
to support the mobilization requirements for World War II.
Employment has ranged from a low near 100 in the late 1950s to a
high near 3,000 for the Vietnam Conflict. With a current
employment near 900, Longhorn's current workload includes load,
assemble and packout (LAP) of illuminating munitions, infrared
flares, signals, projectile base burner assemblies, and
simulators. Longhorn is also eliminating PERSHING Rocket Motors
under the requirements of the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces
(INF) Treaty between the U.S. and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics.
Longhorn AAP is located in Central "East Texas" in the northeast
corner of Harrison County with 8,493 acres of land.
Longhorn's
eastern fence line is just three and one-half miles west of the
Louisiana-Texas boundary line.
Longhorn is located 15 miles
northeast of Marshall, Texas via Texas Highway 43.
The
population of Marshall is approximately 25,000.
southeast of
Lon9h?rn, 35 miles, is Shreveport, the second largest city in
Lou1s1ana.
The surrounding area is known as "Pine_y Woods" with a forest area
consisting of shortleaf and loblolly pine, gum, ash, and oak.
Caddo Lake, the largest natural freshwater lake in Texas
(approximately 128,758 total acres of navigable water,
approximately 58,000 acres in Texas), borders the plant for
several miles on the north and east boundaries. Although the
surrounding terrain is gently rolling, Longhorn is situated in a
relatively flat basin adjacent to the lake.
HISTORY
The Karnack, Texas, site for the ammunition plant (designated as
Longhorn Ordnance Works until 1 July 1963) was selected
15 December 1941 by the Ordnance Department for construction and
operation as a TNT six line special plant. The War Department
approved a Cost Plus Fixed Fee Contract on 22 December 1941 with
Monsanto Chemical Company, St. Louis, Missouri to operate the
plant.
The first TNT flake was produced 19 October 1942. From that date
to 15 August 1945, when production ceased, 396,963,000 pounds of
TNT were produced. An additional facility designed to produce
JB-2 solid propellant rocket fuel was under construction in
1945. Final settlement agreement with Monsanto Chemical Company
was executed 31 May 1946.
The TNT plant was determined excess to
DA requirements in 1959. Final disposition of the plant was
completed 14 January 1960. Longhorn AAP was classified a standby
installation 15 August 1945 and changed to government-owned,
government-operated status from 19 November 1945 to 31 December
1952.
In 1951 another portion of Longhorn AAP was selected as a
production site for pyrotechnic ammunition. Universal Match
Corporation, St. Louis, Missouri, operated these facilities with
actual production operations from 18 June 1952 to 18 April 1956.
Items produced were Photoflash Bombs, Simulators, Hand Signals,
and Tracers for 40mm. Final settlement agreement was executed
18 February 1957.

on 9 June 1988, Longhorn was selected as the first elimination

site for elimination of the PERSHING Rocket Motors under the

terms of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty
between the U.S. and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
As is the case at all government-owned, contractor-operated
plants, Longhorn is managed under a dual structure - the plant is
actually managed by the operating contractor, Thiokol
Corporation, but it is under the command of an officer of the
U.S. Army who is also the Administrative Contracting Officer at
the plant. The Commander's staff of government employees are
responsible for overseeing the contractor's performance under the
terms

of

the

applica.ble

contract(s)

and

regulations.

THIOKOL CORPORATION
Thiokol Corporation is or9anized into four basic 9roups:
Ordnance Operations, Tactical Operations, Strategic Operations
and Space Operations.
Within the Aerospace Group the resources of six divisions are
combined. Valued at over a billion and a half dollars and
located on 45,000 acres of land with seven million square feet of
floor space, facilities are located at Elkton, Maryland;
Huntsville, Alabama; Wasatch, near Brigham City, Utah; Ogden,
Utah; Marshall, Texas, and Shreveport, Louisiana. The latter two
are government-owned", contractor-operated ordnance plants.
In four decades of rocket and missile technological achievement,
Thiokol Corporation is the nation's largest producer of solid
propulsion systems and is a major developer and supplier of
ordnance products and services. Thiokol Corporation is managed
from its headquarters in Ogden, Utah. Subordinate divisions
include:
Elkton (space motors for orbital injection and
retrograde applications, gas generators, and underwater and
tactical propulsion systems), Huntsville (tactical propulsion
systems, ducted rocket propulsion, and booster propulsion
systems), Longhorn (illuminating devices, related ordnance, solid
propellant motors), Louisiana (ordnance), and Utah division
(development and production of solid propellant rocket motors,
large composite cases and nozzles, missile ordnance, large motor
testing).
ENVIRONMENT
Longhorn AAP and its operating contractor, Thiokol Corporation,
are fully committed to preserving the East Texas environment.
Longhorn is fully and properly permitted with the EPA and Texas
State agencies for all current operations. The plant complies
with all provisions of these permits.
The plant has taken and will continue to proactively take all
prudent measures necessary to fully comply with, or exceed,
environmental regulations. Longhorn AAP does not endan9er people
or our environment. In no instance has Longhorn been cited for
any specific hazard to employees on the plant, or any specific or
general hazard to any off plant residents, business, or public
facilities.
Longhorn has been fully permitted for the entire INF elimination
process. Actual burns of rocket motors are conducted under
strict environmental limits including wind speed, direction,
cloud cover and precipitation at the site. These limits have
ensured effective protection of the environment at Longhorn,
including unique and picturesque Caddo Lake adjacent to the
plant.
CONGRESSIONAL
Longhorn AAP is located in the 1st Congressional District of
Texas and is represented by Senators Phil Gramm (R) and Lloyd
Bentsen (D) and by Congressman Jim Chapman (D-lst Dist).

Fact Sheet
(703) 742-4326

OSIA Office of Public Affairs

Dulles International Airport
Washington DC 20041-0498

On-Site InspectionAgency
The On-Site Inspection Agency (OSIA), a
separate Agency of the Departmentof Defense, was
originally established in February 1988 to implement the 13-year inspection regime of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty.
The Agency's INF mission includes both
inspection and escort responsibilities. The Agency
recruits, trains, equips and manages U.S. teams
inspecting Treaty-related facilities in the Soviet
Union, Czechoslovakia and East Germany. It coordinates all activities associated with INF inspections by the Soviet Union on U.S. territory or at U.S.
Forces locations in Belgium, Federal Republic of
Germany, Italy, Netherlands and United Kingdom.
OSIA is also responsible for continuous
monitoring of one Soviet INF portal at the former
SS-20 assembly facility located in Votkinsk, 600
miles east of Moscow. The Agency manages, coordinates and provides escorts for Soviet inspectors
who reciprocally monitor the former Pershing II
rocket motor production facility at Hercules Aerospace in Magna, Utah.
In May 1990, OSIA was tasked to plan for
on-site inspection and escort activities and logistics
support for several new proposed agreements:
Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE), Chemical

Current: 3 December 1990

Weapons (CW), Strategic Arms Reduction Talks

(START), and two Nuclear Testing Talks (NTI")
agreements.
Managementof future inspection and escort
operations under the NTr agreements was tasked to
OSIA in July 1990. The two agreements, now
ratified, are the Threshold Test Ban and Peaceful
Nuclear Explosion treaties.
OSIA is comprised of personnel from all
branchesof the armed services and includes civilian
technical experts and support staff from various
government agencies. The organization draws its
three Deputy Directors from the Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency, Federal Bureauof Investigation andDepartmentof State. A representativeof the
Department of Energy serves as senior advisor for
implementationof the two nuclear testing treaties.
Headquarters for OSIA is located at Dulles
International Airport near Washington, D.C.. The
Agency maintains field offices at Magna, Utah;
Travis Air Force Base, near San Francisco, Calif.;
Rhein-Main Air Base, near Frankfurt, Germany;
and Washington-Dullesairport. It also has forward
deployed personnel at YokotaAir Base near Tokyo,
Japan, and at the AmericanEmbassy in Moscow in
the USSR.

Fact Sheet
(703) 742-4326

OSIA Office of Public Affairs

Dulles International Airport
Washington DC 20041-0498

A Glossary of INF Terms

Ballistic Missile: A missile whose light is area. Deployedstatus in terms of the INF
rocket propelled and whole trajectory is Treaty is dependent on the location of a
primarilydeterminedby gravitationalforces missile launcher, not its operational capaafter termination of powered flight.
bility.
BasingCountry:A country other than the
U.S. and USSRwhere Treaty llmited missiles and related support equipment are
located. NATO Basing Countries are the
United Kingdom. the Federal Republic of
Germany, Italy, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Warsaw Pact Basing Countries are
the German Democratic Republic and
Czechoslovakia
CruiseMissile A missile that. like an airplane, sustains flight aerodynamic means
over most of its flight path.
Deployment Area: A geographic area in
which intermediate-range missiles and
their launchers. which are to be eliminated
under the INFTreaty. are permitted to be
operated and moved about freely without
notification to the other party until they
are eliminatedAdeploymentarea contains
one or more Missile Operating Bases
(MOBs).
- Deployed Missile/Launcher:A missile
or launcher located inside a deployment
Current: 15 May 1989

- NondeployedMissile/Launcher:A missile or launcher not located at a deployment area or MOB,but rather at a missile
support facility (MSF)or in transit.
-AggregateNumberof Missiles:The total
number of deployed and nondeployed intermediate-range (IRM) and shorter-range
(SRM) missiles for each side, listed in the
Memorandum of Understanding.
EliminationProcedures: Procedures for
destroying missiles, launchers, support
equipment and facilitiescoveredin the INF
Treaty.
Entry into Force: A date, agreed to by
both Parties to the Treaty. when the provisions of the Treaty go into effect This date
was 1 June 1988, after ratification by the
Congressand the exchange ofinstruments
at the MoscowSummit
Intermediate
-Range Missile (IRM): A
ground-launched cruise or ballistic missile
with a range equal to or greater than 1000

INF

Glossary

km but not more than 5500 km (roughly

300 to 3400 miles), previously referred to

Treaty or unW there is a Strategic Arms

ReductionTreaty (STARI1. This procedure
as longer-range INF (LRINF)missiles.
in conjunction Withother measures is intended to help deter the Soviets from hidMemorandumof Understanding(MOU): ing illegal INF missiles at those SS-25
The section of the INFTreatywhich identi- bases not subject to inspection. (TheSS-25
fies by number, type.location and techni- missile ls an intercontinental missile, and
cal characteristics the items to be elimi- therefore not covered by the Treaty on
nated by the INF Treaty. Photographs of Intermediate and Shorter-RangeMissiles.)
Treaty-limited systems and site diagrams
which define the boundaries of Missile NuclearRisk Reduction Center(NRRC)~
Operating Bases and Missile Support Fa- Established by a U.S./Soviet agreement
cilities and identify buildings used to signed in September 1987, the Centers
contain Treaty-limited Items at these loca- were instituted to reduce the risk of war
tions are attached to the MOU.
between the U.S. and USSR that might
result from accidents. misunderstandings
Missile OperatingBase (MOB):The mili- or miscalculations. Under that agreement.
tary installation inside a deployment area the U.S. and USSRcreated a new commuwhich actively supports the operation of nications channel linking Washington,
deployed INF missiles.
D.C., and Moscow. Under the INFTreaty,
the sides Will use the Centers to transmit
Missile Support \Facilities (MSF):Fa- all the notificationsrequired by the Treaty.
cilities, not in a deployment area, connected With production, repair, training, On-Site Inspection (OSI): Procedures, in
storage. testing or elimination of !RMand the Treaty involvingthe dispatch of perSRMmissiles and launchers.
sonnel to specificsites to help a Party to the
Treaty verify the compliance of the other
National Technical Means (NTM):Tech- Party With INF Treaty obligations. These
niques, such as taking pictures fromphoto- include:
reconnaissancesatellites, which are strictly
under national control and are used to - Baseline Inspections to help verify the
monitor compliance Withthe provisions of initial numberofTreaty-llmiteditems. e.g ..
missiles and launchers. at each Missile
an agreement.
Operating Base or Military Support Facil- NTMEnhancement: Under this provi- ity;
sion one side may request the other to
remove its land-mobile ground-launched - CloseoutInspections to help verifythat
ballisticmissileswhichhave a range greater Treaty-limited items no longer exist at a
than 5500 km (greater than roughly 3400 designated MissileOperating Base or Mismiles) from their shelters and to open the sile Support Facility:
shelter roofs for at least six hours for
observation by NIM. Each side may make - ContinuousPortalMonitoringSystem
such a request up to six times annually is a formof on-site inspection (established
during the first three years of the INF for the special case of the Soviet SS-25
2

INF Glossary

intercontinental ballistic missile which has

a first stage outwardly similar to but not
interchangeable with the first stage of the
SS-20 missile, which is limited by the
Treaty)in which a resident inspection team
inspects vehicles/rail cars that exist the
main gate of a designated missile facilityto
determine whether or not treaty-limited
items are leaving the facility. This system
can remain in place for up to 13years. The
U.S. will inspect the Soviet facility at
Votkinsk, while the USSR will inspect a
facility at West Valley City (Magna).Utah.
Short-notice (or Quota) Inspection: to
help verify the accuracy of the number of
Treaty-limited items that a party declares
to be at a Missile Operating Base or Missile
Support Facility.

Shorter-RangeMissile (SRM):A ground

launched cruise or ballistic missile with a
range equal to or greater than 500 but not
more than 1,000 km (roughly from 300 to
600 miles). previouslyreferredto as shorterrange (SRINF)missiles.
SpecialVerificationCommission (SVC):
Special forum established by the Treaty
which the U.S. and USSR can use to resolve INFTreaty compliance Issues.

Source: Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Washington,D.C.

20451, February 23, 1988

Fact Sheet
(703) 742-4326

OSIA Office of Public Affairs

Dulles International Airport
Washington DC 20041-0498

INF Treaty Overview

TheTreaty betweenthe UnitedStates
of Americaand the Union of SovietSocialist Republics on the Elimination of their
Intermediate-Range and Shorter-Range
Missiles, corrunonly known as the INF
Treaty, was signed between President
Reagan and General Secretary Gorbachev
on December8, 1987, inWashlngton,D.C.
Following Senate ratification, the President exchanged instruments with the
General Secretary at the MoscowSummit
on June l, 1988, and the Treaty formally
entered into force on that date.
The INF Treaty covers U.S. and
Soviet land-based missiles with ranges
from approximately 300 to 3.400 miles
(500to 5.500 kilometers). Underthe terms
of the Treaty. the United States and the
Soviet Union will eliminate their shorterrange missileswithinl8 months and longerrange missiles within three years. Production or flight testing of INF-missiles is
banned under the provisionsof the Treaty.
The Treaty has four integral parts:
The Treaty. with 12 articles: a detailed
Memorandum of Understanding establishing a data base on missiles. launchers.
equipment and facilities: an Inspections
Protocol: and an Eliminations Protocol.
Current: 1 May 1989

President Reagan and General Secretary

Gorbachev exchange pens after signing the
INF Treaty on December 8, 1987.

Although the INF Treaty is solely

between the United States and the Soviet
Union, it also involves basing countries
where Treaty-limited missiles and related
support equipment are located. NATO
basing countries include the Federal Republic of Germany, Belgium. the Netherlands, Italy, and the United Kingdom.The
WarsawPact basing countries include East
Germany and Czechoslovakia. The Treaty
acknowledges the respective rights and
obligationsof the basing countries and the
United States to facilitate and manage inspection activities in western Europe. All

INF Overview

INF-relatedactivitiesconducted within the

territory of a basing country will occur in
full cooperation With the government of
that country.
A unique provision of the Treaty
insures each party the right to implement
on-site inspections. The U.S. agent forthis

implementation is the Department of

Defense's On-SiteInspectionAgency.The
European Command Headquarters at
Stuttgart serves as the major military organization coordinating the INF Treaty
implementation efforts in the five West
European basing countries.

Fact Sheet
(703) 742-4326

OSIA Office of Public Affairs

Dulles International Airport
Washington, DC 20041-0498

INF Eliminations
The INFTreatyrequires that the U.S. and
the Soviet Union conduct inspections at
each other's sites during eliminations of
items covered by the pact. The inspecting
party may employ a maximum of 20 in
specters to observe the eliminations at
each site. A 30-day notification by the
eliminating party is required: and the inspectors must give 72-hour notice before
arrival in country.

tested but never-deployedsystem. the SSCX-4 and its launchers must be destroyed
within the first six months of the treaty.
METHODS OF ELIMINATION

By July, 1991, all intermediate-range

and shorter-range missiles, launchers,
related support equipment. and support
structures will have been eliminated. The
methods to be employed include:

SYSTEMS SUBJECT TO ELIMINATION

The United States systems covered under the INF treaty include the Pershing II
missile, launcher and launch pad shelter:
Pershing IA missile and launcher; Pershing 1B missile; and BGM-109GGround
Launched Cruise Missile {GLCM) missile,
launch canister and launcher.
Soviet systems include SS-20 missile,
launch canister. launcher, missile transporter vehicle and fixed structure for the
launcher: SS-4 missile, missile transporter
vehicle, missile erector, launch stand and
propellant tanks; SS-5 missile; SS-12
missile, launcher and missile transporter
vehicle; SS-23 missile. launcher and mis
slle transporter vehicle: and SSC-X-4
missile, launch canister and launcher. A
Current: 1 May 1989

The first INF missile eliminated by the

U.S. was a Pershing IA, static fired and
crushed at Longhom Army Ammunition
Plant, Marshall, Tez:as,on Sept. 8, 1988.

 Explosive demolition or bunting of missiles, in or out of the canister. Nozzles and

cases may be burned. crushed, flattened,
or destroyed by explosion (e.g., Pershing).

by rendering them inoperative

placing them on display.

prior .to

Loss or accidental destruction.

When
accidental elimination occurs. a 48-hour
notice is required and the right of inspection included.

Missile cut longitudinally, with wings and

tail section severed and front section
crushed or flattened (e.g., GLCM).

Launchers, canisters and support equipment eliminations by cutting or removal of

mechanisms as specified in Protocol.

Launch to destruction. Up to 100 missiles on each side may be launched to

existing impact areas (e.g . Soviet SS-20s).

In situ (in place) eliminations of related

support facilities. structures and shelters.

Static display. Each side may eliminate

up to 15 missiles. canisters and launchers

Fact Sheet
On-Site Inspection Agency
Office of Public Affairs
Dulles International Airport
Washington, DC 20041-0498

(703) 7 42-4326

INF Treaty On-Site Inspections

A Status Report
Since July 1, 1988, inspectors from the OnSite InspectionAgency (OSIA) have conducted
406 inspections in the Soviet Union under the
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF)
Treaty. In the same period, OSIA coordinated
183 Soviet inspections to U.S. sites in this
country and Western Europe.
The INF Treaty between the U.S. and Soviet
Union entered into force on June 1, 1988, when
President Reagan and Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev exchanged the articles of implementation at the Moscow Summit. The
Treaty calls for elimination of all U.S. and Soviet
ground-launchedmissilesystemswiththe range
ot 500 to 5,500 kilometers (about 300 to 3,400
miles) within three years after entry into force.
In the Treaty's Memorandum of Understanding, the Soviet's declared 1,846 missiles for
elimination and the U.S. declared 846.
The On-Site Inspection Agency is responsible for conducting and coordinating the
Treaty's inspection provisions. For the first
time in U.S. and Soviet history, on-site inspections were included in the verification process
of an arms control agreement between these
nations.
The period since entry into force of the Treaty
has been marked by almost continuous elimination of missiles, launchers and related equipment. Beginning with the first Soviet SS-12
missile destruction at Saryozek in August 1988,
Current: 25 March 1991

U.S. inspectors have witnessed elimination of

1,804 Soviet missiles through March 25, 1991.
Since the initial elimination at Longhorn Army
Ammunition Plant near Marshall, Texas on
September 8, 1988, Soviet inspectors have
viewed the destruction of 769 U.S. missiles.
All declaredShorter-RangeINFsystems, those
with ranges from 500 to 1,000 km., were eliminated one month in advance of the Treaty
deadline of November 30, 1989. The U.S.
Pershing I-A was the first Shorter-Range system to be completely eliminated, with the final
missile eliminated on July 6, 1989; the Soviet
Unioneliminated the last of its declared ShorterRange missiles, the SS-12 on July 26 and SS23 on October 27, 1989.
The Soviet Union destroyed the last of 80
SSC-X-4 non-deployed cruise missile on October 5, 1988 and the last of six SS-5s on August
16, 1989. With the destruction of the last
declared SS-4 on May 22, 1990, the only
remaining Soviet Intermediate-Range system
enumerated in the Treaty is the SS-20.
Continuous portal monitoring operations began in both countries in July 1988. At Magna,
Utah, and Votkinsk, USSR. permanent communities of up to 30 inspectors each are located
outside the gates of former INF missile production and .final assembly plants to check exiting
vehicles for Treaty-limited items.

U.S. and Soviet INF Inspections and Eliminations

(Figures Current:

1 June 1988 - 25 March 1991}

Inspections
Soviet Inspections
at U.S. Sites
Elimination:
Quota:
Closeout:
Baseline:
Total:

U.S. Inspections
at Soviet Sites
122
54
113

86
55
11

.uz

.ai

406

183

Completed Eliminations
Missiles
Eliminated

Missiles Subject
to Elimination
Soviet Systems
SS20
SS12
SS23
SS4
SSS
SSC-X-4
Total

654
718
239
149
6

ELIMINATED
ELIMINATED
ELIMINATED
ELIMINATED
ELIMINATED

1,846

612
718
239
149
6

_oo
1,804

U.S. Systems
Pershing IA
Pershing II
GLCM
Total

Source:

169
234

ELIMINATED

169
221

aza

Ma
846

769

INF Treaty Memorandum of Understanding, 1 June 1988 Update

2

Fact Sheet
OSIA Office of Public Affairs
Dulles International Airport
Washington DC 20041-0498

(703) 742-4326

United States INF Sites and Locations

The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty included a Memorandum of Understanding
identifying 31 U.S. sites at 18 locations that were subject to Baseline, Closeout and Quota (Short Notice)
inspections. The sites are operational and support facilities for the Pershing IA.Pershing II and BGM-1090
Ground Launched Cruise Missile (GLCM) in the continental United States and in the five basing countries
of Belgium, Italy,the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Each of these
sites is subject to quota inspections throughout the 13-year inspection period.
Sites include Missile Operating Bases (MOB) all located in Europe and various support establishments
(I'F), launcher and missile elimination facilities
(LEF, MEF. M/LEF), launcher production facilities (LPF), launcher and missile support facilities {LSF,
MSF), and launcher and missile repair facilities (LRF, MRF).

as designated below: Test ranges (TR), training facilities

Continental United States

Location

System

Sites

Dugway Proving Grounds, UT

Davis-Monthan AFB, Tucson AZ
Ft Huachuca. AZ
AF Plant 19, San Diego CA
Martin Marietta, Middle River MD
Pueblo Depoe Activity, Pueblo CO
Redstone Arsenal. Huntsville AL
Ft Sill, OK
Complex 16, Cape Canaveral FL
Longhorn AAP, Kamaclc TX

(GLCM)
(GLCM)
(GLCM)
(GLCM)

TR
TF,M/LEF
TF

Current: 1 August 1989

<Pm
(PIA/Pm

<Pm

LPF
LPF
MSF, MRF, LRF, MEF. LEF
MSF, LSF. LRF

<Pm

LRF. TF

(Pm
(PIA/Pm

TR

MEF

Western Europe
Location

System

Sites

Weilerbach FRO
EMC Hausen, Frankfun FRO
Schwaebisch-Gmuend FRO
Neu Ulm FRO
Waldhcide-Ncclwsulm FRO
RAF Greenham Common UK
RAF Molesworth UK
Comiso IT
Florennes BE
SABCA, Gossclics BE
Wucschcim FRO
Wocnsdiccht NL

<Pm
<Pm

LRF.LEF

(Pm
(Pm

<Pm
(GLCM)
(GLCM)
(GLCM)
(GLCM)
(GLCM)

(GLCM)
(GJ..CM)

MSF
MOB
MOB
MOB
MOB
MOB
MOB
MOB
MRF
MOB
MOB