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Semester 6
161906
Semester 6
161906
Specifications:
Diameter of tube, d= 38mm
Total length of tube, l = 500mm
Capacity of heater = 300W
No. of Thermocouples = 7
Duct Size = 200 mm x 200mm x 760 mm
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Observation table:
Sr No
Heat Input
V
I
T1
T2
Thermocouple Reading
T3
T4
T5
T6
T7
Ta
1
2
3
4
5
Calculations:
1. Heat Transfer Coefficient , h = Q / As (Ts Ta)
Where, Q =W, watts
As = Surface area of Brass tube = d L
h = Heat transfer coefficient
Ts = Average Surface Temperature
Ambient Temperature.
Semester 6
161906
3. Gr = Grashof Number
Results:
Value of h in Natural Convection is = ___________ W/ m2. K
Conclusion:
The heat transfer coefficient in natural convection is much lower, because, the heat is
transferred due to density gradient only, thus the value of heat transfer coefficient as also
small. The phenomenon of natural convection also depends upon viscosity, thermal
conductivity, volumetric expansion coefficient, 8 etc.
Result and Discussions
Practical readings are based on the assumption that current supplied to heater is converted
totally into heat energy. This is not possible and generally the losses are as high as 50%.
Commonly used heaters also have a band of insulation over the heating element which further
reduces the amount of heat transfer to the test section.
Semester 6
161906
Also the heat generated in heating element is lost in radiation and convection losses due to
surrounding air breeze. Due to this cumulative effect there is big difference in heat transfer
coefficient values calculated using different methods.
Hence theoretical reading based on temperature values should be considered the correct
values
Semester 6
161906
Properties Of Air
Temp
0
C
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
140
160
180
200
250
300
350
400
500
600
700
800
Density
Kg/m3
Kinematic
Viscosity
Prandil
Number
Thermal
Diffusivity
Specific
Heat Cp
Pr
m 2 /nr
1.584
1.515
1.453
1.395
1.342
1.293
1.247
1.205
1.165
1.128
1.093
1.060
1.029
1.000
0.972
0.946
0.898
0.854
0.815
0.779
0.746
0.674
0.615
0.566
0.524
0.456
0.404
0.362
0.329
V x 106
m2
/s
9.23
10.04
10.80
11.61
12.43
13.28
14.16
15.06
16.00
16.69
17.95
18.97
20.02
21.09
22.10
23.13
25.45
27.80
30.09
32.49
34.85
40.61
48.20
55.46
63.09
79.38
96.99
115.40
1347.80
0.728
0.728
0.723
0.716
0.712
0.707
0.705
0.703
0.701
0.699
0.698
0.696
0.694
0.692
0.690
0.688
0.686
0.684
0.682
0.681
0.680
0.677
0.674
0.676
0.678
0.687
0.699
0.706
0.713
45.7
49.6
53.7
68.3
52.8
67.7
72.2
77.1
82.3
87.5
92.6
97.9
102.8
108.7
114.8
121.1
132.6
145.2
158.0
171.0
184.9
210.6
257.6
294.7
335.2
415.1
499.0
588.2
682.0
Semester 6
J/Kg K
Thermal
Conduct
i
vity K x
Coefficient
of Viscosity
x 106 Ns/m2
1013
1013
1013
1009
1009
1005
1005
1005
1005
1005
1005
1005
1009
1009
1009
1009
1009
1013
1017
1022
1026
1038
1047
1059
1067
1093
1114
1135
1156
103
20.35
21.17
21.98
22.79
23.61
24.42
25.12
25.93
26.75
27.56
28.26
28.96
29.66
30.47
31.28
32.10
33.38
34.89
36.40
37.80
39.31
42.68
46.05
49.08
52.10
57.45
62.22
66.87
71.76
or Kg/m
14.61
15.20
15.69
16.18
16.67
17.16
17.65
18.14
18.63
19.12
19.61
20.10
20.59
21.08
21.48
21.87
22.85
23.73
24.52
25.30
25.99
27.36
29.71
31.38
33.05
36.19
39.13
41.78
44.33
161906