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Set No. 1
Set No. 1
(b) Derive an expression for power coupling from a large surface emitting LED
into a smaller step-index fiber.
[8+8]
6. (a) Derive an expression for sensitivity of a PIN diode based digital fiber optic
receiver including all the types of noise sources in the receiver.
(b) A silicon PIN diode with a responsivity of 0.5 A/W is operated at a binary
signaling rate of 35 Mbps and working at 850 nm wavelength. Determine the
minimum optical power required to be incident in order to maintain a BER
[8+8]
of 108 .
7. (a) Discuss all the criteria to select the set of components sufficing design of a
fiber optic link.
(b) Describe the types of dispersion predominant in single mode and multimode
fiber optic links.
(c) Estimate the effect of such dispersion on system rise-time for above types of
fibers.
[6+5+5]
8. (a) List the conditions under which cut-back method of measurement of fiber
attenuation yields more accurate values.
(b) Suggest a non-destructive method for measurement of fiber attenuation. Mention the principle behind this method.
(c) Output of a PIN detector preamplifier of an optical receiver for 1.6Km fiber
is 2.26 Volts at 820nm wavelength. The output of PIN preamplifier increases
to 9.06 Volts when this fiber is cutback to 4m length at the same wavelength.
Compute the total attenuation and attenuation per unit length (dB/Km) of
the cut-off fiber.
[5+5+6]
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Set No. 2
[8+8]
3. (a) The zero dispersion wavelength for a single mode fiber is 1.3 m with a dispersion slope 0.1 ps m2 km1 . Compare the total first order dispersion for the
fiber at the wavelengths 1.25 m and 1.55 m. When the material dispersion
and profile dispersion of the wavelength 1.55 m are 12 ps nm1 km1 and
0.3 ps nm1 km1 respectively. Determine the wave guide dispersion at this
wavelength.
(b) The polarization mode dispersion in an uniformly birefringent single mode
fiber is 250 ps km1 . Calculate the bandwidth and maximum bit rate that
may be obtained on a 10 Km repeaterless link assuming that there is only
polarization mode dispersion.
[8+8]
4. (a) What are desired features of an optical source.
(b) Describe the structure and principle of operation of a typical laser diode.
Define the parameters involved.
[8+8]
5. (a) Describe all the factors giving rise to losses while coupling optical power between any two devices of a fiber optic link.
(b) What is a pig-tailed device? List out the advantages and disadvantages of
pig-tailing either a fiber optic source or a fiber optic detector.
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Set No. 2
(c) Write expressions for power coupling from an LED into a step index fiber for
larger and smaller active area relative to the area of the fiber.
[5+5+6]
6. (a) Define responsivity of an APD. List out the drawbacks of a Germanium APD
for use in digital fiber optic links.
(b) An APD with a multiplication factor of 20 operates at a wavelength of 1550
nm. Calculate the quantum efficiency and the output photo current from the
device if the responsivity due to primary photo detection is 0.6 A/W when
1011 photons per second are incident on the device. Use the necessary physical
constants listed.
[8+8]
Speed of light in vacuum =3 108 m/s
Electron charge
=1.602 1019 C
Plancks constant
=6.6256 1034 J-S.
7. (a) Describe a method to carryout rise time budget analysis for a fiber optic link
(b) Explain the procedure to determine the maximum allowable RZ and NRZ data
rates from rise time budget analysis.
(c) Explain the effect of mode mixing factor, q, on modal dispersion induced rise
time.
[8+4+4]
8. Describe any TWO of the following:
(a) Estimates made from Eye pattern analysis.
(b) Necessity of line coding in optical communication.
(c) Uni-directional and Bi-directional WDM for optical links.
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[8+8]
Set No. 3
[8+8]
2. (a) Differentiate between bound modes and cut off modes in an optical fiber.
(b) Derive the cut off condition for mode bounded in an optical fiber. Also specify
the range of for bound solution.
[8+8]
3. (a) The zero dispersion wavelength for a single mode fiber is 1.3 m with a dispersion slope 0.1 ps m2 km1 . Compare the total first order dispersion for the
fiber at the wavelengths 1.25 m and 1.55 m. When the material dispersion
and profile dispersion of the wavelength 1.55 m are 12 ps nm1 km1 and
0.3 ps nm1 km1 respectively. Determine the wave guide dispersion at this
wavelength.
(b) The polarization mode dispersion in an uniformly birefringent single mode
fiber is 250 ps km1 . Calculate the bandwidth and maximum bit rate that
may be obtained on a 10 Km repeaterless link assuming that there is only
polarization mode dispersion.
[8+8]
4. (a) What are desired features of an optical source.
(b) Describe the structure and principle of operation of a typical laser diode.
Define the parameters involved.
[8+8]
5. (a) With the help of neat diagrams describe lens coupling mechanisms to improve
coupling efficiency from a fiber optic source.
(b) Differentiate between Lambertian and monochromatic optical sources in terms
of power coupling into a single mode fiber.
(c) What is equilibrium numerical aperture? Explain the significance of equilibrium numerical aperture on source to fiber power coupling.
[6+5+5]
6. (a) Establish a relation between responsivity and quantum efficiency of a photo
detector starting from definition of these two parameters.
(b) Determine the quantum efficiency and responsivity of a PIN photodiode operating at 850 nm wavelength if 6.2 1012 photons incident at 850 nm generate
1.2 1012 electrons from the device.
(c) Discuss the factors on which the response time of a photo detector depends.
[8+8]
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Set No. 3
7. (a) Explain various factors contributing to overall optical system rise time.
(b) Calculate the system rise time for a 6 Km fiber optic link of following specifications.
[10+6]
Rise time of the LED and its drive electronics
= 14ns
Material dispersion related rise time degradation = 21ns
Bandwidth of the optical receiver
= 25MHz
Bandwidth-distance product of the fiber
=400 MHz-Km
Mode mixing factor, q
= 0.7
8. (a) List the conditions under which cut-back method of measurement of fiber
attenuation yields more accurate values.
(b) Suggest a non-destructive method for measurement of fiber attenuation. Mention the principle behind this method.
(c) Output of a PIN detector preamplifier of an optical receiver for 1.6Km fiber
is 2.26 Volts at 820nm wavelength. The output of PIN preamplifier increases
to 9.06 Volts when this fiber is cutback to 4m length at the same wavelength.
Compute the total attenuation and attenuation per unit length (dB/Km) of
the cut-off fiber.
[5+5+6]
?????
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Set No. 4
[8+8]
2. (a) Determine the cut off wavelength for a step index fiber to exhibit single mode
operation when the core refractive index and radius are 1.50 and 25 m respectively with the relative index difference being 0.3%.
(b) Distinguish between intrinsic absorption and extrinsic absorption with a neat
figures.
[8+8]
3. (a) Compare the optical parameters of free space with dispersive and non dispersive mediums.
(b) A butt jointed fiber convector used on multimode step index fiber with a core
refractive index of 1.42 and a relative refractive index difference of 1% has an
angular misalignment of 90 . There is no longitudinal or lateral misalignment
but there is a small air gap between the fibers in the convectors. Estimate the
insertion loss of the convector.
[8+8]
4. (a) Draw the schematic of an edge emitting LED and explain the reasons for such
construction.
(b) Discuss the major requirements of an optical fiber emitter.
[8+8]
Set No. 4
7. (a) Discuss all the criteria to select the set of components sufficing design of a
fiber optic link.
(b) Describe the types of dispersion predominant in single mode and multimode
fiber optic links.
(c) Estimate the effect of such dispersion on system rise-time for above types of
fibers.
[6+5+5]
8. (a) List separately, the assumptions made for measurement of dispersion in optical
fibers in time and frequency domains.
(b) How is the 3-dB electrical bandwidth of an optical fiber measured? Explain
with the help of suitable test set-up.
(c) If the output response of an optical fiber is Gaussian in shape, estimate the
3dB electrical bandwidth of the fiber for an RMS output pulse width of 0.5
ns.
[4+8+4]
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