2.

Examples of soil pollution Laws of soil pollution Preventions of soil pollution Effects of soil
pollution Cause of soil pollution Definition of soil pollution

3. Soil pollution is the contamination of soil withharmful substances that can adversely affectthe
quality of the soil and the health of thoseliving on it.

4. USE OF CHEMICALS

5. When the soil is eroded, thecrops grown are affectedresulting in an indirect effect onthe
environment Leads to decrease in the soilscapacity to retain water. It occurs when top soil
movesfrom one place to another as aresult of various natural andman-made factors.SOIL
EROSION

6. This salty water present in thesoil becomes a cause forstudded growth of the crops. Salts
present in the wateraccumulates at the top layer ofthe soil. Use of water with high salinitycauses
soil pollution.SALTY WATER

7. As this rain water runs from top of the this uncovered garbage this causessoil pollution It
contains garbage and rubbish material like papers , fibers ,plastics,glasses , bottles and dried
sludge of sewage Both domestic and commercial waste are known as urban wasteURBAN
WASTE

8. This causes toxicity of soil This industrial waste are all dumped over the soil surface byalmost
all industries Most of the industrial waste rejected materials like calciumcarbonate , magnesium ,
sulphate.INDUSTRIAL WASTE

9. Living of earthworms ,centipede,millipede ,frogs and ratsunderground has greatly disturbedthe

ecological equilibrium is badlyaffected Deposition of many agriculturalchemicals in the
underground layershas disturbed the normal activities.POLLUTION OFUNDERGROUND
WASTE

10. Examples : strontium 90, iodine 131, barium 140Radioactive waste They gets deposited on
the top soil and emits continuously gammaradiations. Storage and disposal of radioactive waste
from nuclear power plantscauses soil pollutionRADIOACTIVE WASTE

11. Soil looses its nutrient due to high solubility in acidic water The acidic water falls on the soil
and pollutes it by making the soilacidic. It is caused by air pollution.ACID RAIN

12. Waste obtained from mining left on site in the f Huge holes are dug in the ground.WASTE
FROM MINING This waste contain toxic and poisonous substances which then leach intothe soil
due to rainfall.Waste obtained fromcoal miningorm of spoil heaps.

13. Seepage from faulty sewagesystems Bursting of underground bins. Faulty

landfills.LEAKAGE OF TOXINS

14. Discarded solid material fromcommercial, industry Solid waste includesgarbage, domestic
refuse.DUMPING OF SOLID WASTE & These degrades the appearanceof an area and pollute
the soil.agricultural operation.

15. OIL & Oil spills cause poor grow ofplants. Such as Benzene, Toluene, andXylene.
Petroleum spills from gasstations, fuel tanks or otheractivities can result in elevatedlevels of
contaminants in the soil.PETROLEUM SPILLS

16. Imbalance in food chain.EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTION Loss of supply of food chain.
Certain animals die. Change in genetic make-up of the soil.EFFECT ON MICROORGANISMSLoss of variety of micro-organisms due to :

17. It results in loss of nutrients present in the soil Decrease in soil yield. It leads to soil
fertility.EFFECT ON SOIL:-

18. By eating such plants or animals largeamount of pollutants may cause poison inhuman
body.EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTION HUMANS : By eating these polluted plants,
animalstake on all the pollution. ANIMALS : Pollutants accumulate in the plants. Grown in
polluted soil absorbs moleculesof the pollutants. PLANTS :EFFECT ON BIO-ACCUMULATION

19. May also suffer kidney or liver damage.EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTION Leads to
neurological problems. Causes damage to the developingbrains of young children. Leads to
irreversible developmentaldamage in children. High concentrations of lead andmercury.
Presence of heavy metals in the soil.ORGAN DAMAGE

20. Farmers are hence in a great loss.EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTION Grains are often
polluted which grow in this soil which cannot beconsumed. Polluted soil with heavy metals is not
used to grow grains. Soil pollution can cause economic damage.ECONOMIC LOSS

21. Reduces plants ability to take upnutrients and undergoesphotosynthesis.EFFECTS OF SOIL

POLLUTION Disrupts the soil chemistry. Soil polluted by acid rain have animpact on
plants.EFFECT ON PHOTOSYNTHESIS

22. Produces hazards pollutants to water High dose of Pesticide increases zinc, copper, such
metals in soil.EFFECT ON AGRICULTUREWASTE & Pollutants added by burning of any fuel
reduces soil fertility.EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTIONsoil.

23. Destroy bacteriaEFFECT ON INDUSTRIAL WASTE & Product such as syntheticfiber,

plastic produce toxicvapourEFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTION Compound accumulated in
thesoil for long time destroy theliving organism.beneficialmicroorganisms present in thesoil.

24. It decreases nutritive values ofsoil as well as crops.EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTION 30%
of irrigated land of world isaffected by salinity of the soil. Soil pollution reduces crop
yields.EFFECT ON CROP

25. Reduce use ofpesticides, insecticides & Manures Overuse of these chemicalsleads to soil
pollution.fungicides. & biofertilizers likerhizobium can be used toincrease fertility of soil.

26. Acidic Waste should be disposed off properlyto avoid pollution. & Biodegradable waste
should be brokendown before disposing it off.alkaline waste should beneutralized before they
are disposedof so they dont contaminate the soil.

27. This may not work in some typesof soil as it requires plenty ofsoil, moisture Its cheaper than
pollution clean upmethods which involve physicallymoving the soil. Bioaugmentation is the

practice ofinoculating contaminated soil withlarge numbers of appropriatemicroorganisms. &

oxygen to workeffectively.

28. BIO-REMEDIATION.

29. Recycling.Waste reductiontechniques.Proper disposal ofindustrial waste.

30. Keep clear. Renovation of drains. Large holes. Proper drainage system.

31. Animal waste to be used as manure. Reforestation, i.e. planting more trees.

32. Reduce toxic wastes. Reuse plastic wastes. Recycling of paper : waste paper can be
recycled instead ofthrowing it. 3Rs should be implemented i.e.

33. E.g. Segregate wet and dry waste.Proper waste disposal at home.

34. There is no specific legislation which deals withregulation of soil pollution or gives it a
definitescope and meaning.

35. Unlike air pollution & water pollution there is no perfect direct lawwhich deals with soil
pollution. Unlike, EPA (EnvironmentProtection Act) which deals with all aspects of environment.

36. IN GENERALThe Environment Protection Act 1986.The Municipal Solid Waste,

Management and HandlingAct 2000.

37. Technologies. Bio-composting : a major source. Incapable treating plants. 60 %

untreated water.

38. Bio-composting.Biological remedial process.Greener technologies.Laws.

39. pH level, bulk density, alkalinity and chlorinity is recorded highduring dry season. Heavy
metal pollution and physiochemical characteristic is detected. Due to the depositions by ThaneBelapur Industrial Complex inSouth Bombay. Soil pollution has been reported along the wetland
of thane creek.

40. Wet waste thatdecomposes &releases bad odor.Poisonous gasesleak like

Ch4(toxic).Depletion ofmangroves.Attractsinsects, rats & fliesthat
spreaddiseases.PROBLEMSStagnant water inrainy is breedingground
fordiseases.Pollution/damage ofroad/property.Plastic problem.Effects plants &animals.

41. Waste workers areaffectedHospital & industrialwaste create majorhealth hazardsDecrease in

oxygenlevel causingbreathing problemMosquitoes cancarry life threateningdiseases likedengue ,
yellowfever , malariaBirds/small animalsdie after ingestingwasteIMPACTS

42. PREVENTIVEMEASURESPropermethod ofwastedisposalAthouseholdlevel

propersegregationof wastePlasticshould notbe usedWheelcleaningfacility

43. 600 metric tonnes of silts and 25 tons of bio-medical waste daily.Recieves 5500 metric
tonnes of garbage.Extend over 132 hectre.Largest and oldest dumping ground in Mumbai.

44. Discarded solid material. Agriculture waste. Chemicals and biological properties.Include:

45. Smoke affecting the asthma patients. E.g. residents of Chembur ,Govandi ,Mankhurd and
ShivajiNager. Hazard 90% of soil pollution and health on human being whichliving on it.

46. The polluted soil stops the proper growth of plants and trees in thatparticular area. This kind
of garbage disposal has increased the number of mosquitoesand other insects which causes
malaria, dengue. It may be fatal. All sorts of waste are dumped there. For example: plastic bags
andbottles, paper plates, glass bottles and etc. Recently, it has been noticed that Juhu has
become a place for disposalof waste. Most of the celebrities live there, it is also a home to a
significant portionof Mumbais Business Elite. Juhu is an affluent neighborhood of west
Mumbai.

47. Polluted soil which leads to various problems. Clean up session held by dominos.The dirt that
is beyond ones ability to getwiped out completely.

48. The vendors can keep dustbins outside theirshops for the waste to be discarded.STOP
WAITING FOR THINGS TOHAPPEN,GO OUT AND MAKE THEM HAPPEN!GREEN INDIA,
CLEAN INDIA Reduce the use of plastics. We can create awareness by holdingmarathons,
beach clean ups and also byraising posters. The Government of India should implementcertain
laws to be followed strictly.