Steo - Full Energy Us Markets Summary

December2014
Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO)
Highlights
NorthSeaBrentcrudeoilspotpricesfellbymorethan15%inNovember,decliningfrom
$85/barrel(bbl)onNovember3to$72/bblonNovember28.MonthlyaverageBrentcrude
oilpriceshavedeclined29%fromtheir2014highof$112/bblinJunetoanaverageof
$79/bblinNovember,thelowestmonthlyaveragesinceSeptember2010.TheNovember
pricedeclinereflectscontinuedgrowthinU.S.tightoilproductionalongwithweakening
outlooksfortheglobaleconomyandoildemandgrowth.TheOrganizationofthePetroleum
ExportingCountries(OPEC)decisioninlateNovembertomaintainitscurrentcrudeoil
productiontarget,despiteloweroilprices,putadditionaldownwardpressureonprice
expectations.
Thecurrentvaluesoffuturesandoptionscontractssuggesthighuncertaintyintheprice
outlook(MarketPricesandUncertaintyReport).WTIfuturescontractsforMarch2015
delivery,tradedduringthefivedayperiodendingDecember4,averaged$67/bbl.Implied
volatilityaveraged32%,establishingthelowerandupperlimitsofthe95%confidence
intervalforthemarket'sexpectationsofmonthlyaverageWTIpricesinMarch2015at
$51/bbland$89/bbl,respectively.Lastyearatthistime,WTIforMarch2014delivery
averaged$96/bblandimpliedvolatilityaveraged19%.Thecorrespondinglowerandupper
limitsofthe95%confidenceintervalwere$82/bbland$112/bbl.
TotalU.S.crudeoilproductionaveragedanestimated9.0millionbarrelsperday(bbl/d)in
November.Projectedtotalcrudeoilproductionaverages9.3millionbbl/din2015,a
reductionof0.1millionbbl/dfromlastmonth'sSTEO.
Drivenlargelybyfallingcrudeoilprices,U.S.weeklyregulargasolineretailpricesaveraged
$2.78/gallon(gal)onDecember1,thelowestsinceOctober4,2010.U.S.regulargasoline
retailpricesareprojectedtocontinuedecliningfortheremainderoftheyear,averaging
$2.61/galinDecember.EIAexpectsU.S.regulargasolineretailprices,whichaveraged
$3.51/galin2013,toaverage$3.37/galin2014and$2.60/galin2015.Forecastretail
gasolinepricesfor2015are$0.35/gallowerthaninlastmonthsSTEO.
U.S.populationweightedheatingdegreedays(HDD)wereanestimated18%higherthan
theprevious10yearaverageforNovember.Despiteacoldstarttothewinter,lowerfuel
pricesandtheNationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministrations(NOAA)projectionof
nearnormaltemperaturesfortheremainderofthewinterareexpectedtohelplessen
U.S.EnergyInformationAdministration|ShortTermEnergyOutlookDecember2014
consumerexpendituresonhomeheatingcomparedwithlastwinter.Lowercrudeoilprices
areexpectedtohelpreducehouseholdheatingoilexpendituresby27%($632)compared
withlastwinter,withU.S.heatingoilpricesaveraging20%lowerat$3.09/gal.Propane
pricesareexpectedtobe13%lowerintheNortheastand26%lowerintheMidwest,
resultinginhouseholdsspending20%and34%lessonpropaneinthoseregions,
respectively.
NaturalgasworkinginventoriesonNovember28totaled3.41trillioncubicfeet(Tcf),0.23
Tcf(6%)belowthelevelatthesametimeayearagoand0.37Tcf(10%)belowtheprevious
fiveyearaverage(200913).Despitethelowerstocksatthestartofthiswinter'sheating
season,EIAexpectstheHenryHubnaturalgasspotpricetoaverage$3.98/millionBritish
thermalunits(MMBtu)thiswintercomparedwith$4.53/MMBtulastwinter,reflectingboth
lowerexpectedheatingdemandandhighernaturalgasproductionthiswinter.
GlobalPetroleumandOtherLiquids
AttheconclusionofitsmeetinginlateNovember,OPECannouncedthatitwouldmaintainits
currentcrudeoilproductiontargetof30millionbbl/d.EIAexpectsthatgloballiquidfuelssupply
willcontinuetooutpaceconsumption,resultinginanaveragestockbuildof0.4millionbbl/din
2015.Stockbuildsareexpectedtobeconcentratedinthefirsthalfoftheyear,averaging0.7
millionbbl/dduringthisperiod.EIAforecastsgloballiquidfuelssupplytoaverage92.8million
bbl/din2015,0.2millionbbl/dlowerthaninlastmonth'sSTEO.The2015globaldemand
forecastwasalsoreviseddownwardby0.2millionbbl/dtoanaverageof92.3millionbbl/d,
basedonweakerglobaleconomicgrowthprospectsfornextyear.
ConsistentwithOPECsannouncement,SaudiArabiahasindicateditsintentiontomaintainits
exportmarketshareratherthancutproductiontokeeppriceshigher.Inthepast,SaudiArabia
oftenplayedtheroleoftheswingproducer,temporarilycuttingitsproductiontoaccommodate
supplygrowthelsewhereorweakerglobaldemand,orincreasingitsoutputleveltomakeupfor
asupplyshortfall.SaudiArabia'sproductionisstillprojectedtodeclinein2015comparedwith
thisyear,butbyasmalleramountthanpreviouslyexpected.EIAprojectsthatSaudiArabiawill
cutproductionbelowitscurrentlevelof9.6millionbbl/damidhighnonOPECsupplygrowth,
butmaintainoutputabove9.0millionbbl/dthrough2015.
GlobalPetroleumandOtherLiquidsConsumption.EIAestimatesthatglobalconsumptiongrew
by1.3millionbbl/din2013,averaging90.5millionbbl/dfortheyear.EIAexpectsglobal
consumptiontogrowby1.0millionbbl/din2014and0.9millionbbl/din2015.Projectedglobal
oilconsumptionweightedrealgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),whichincreasedbyanestimated
2.7%in2013,isprojectedtogrowby2.7%and2.9%in2014and2015,respectively.Compared
withlastmonthsforecast,globalconsumptionwasreviseddownwardby0.2millionbbl/din
2015,basedona0.3%reductiontoforecastglobaloilconsumptionweightedrealGDPgrowth.
Intheshortterm,theincomeelasticityofglobaldemandisgreaterthanthepriceelasticityof
globaldemand.Thus,thenegativeimpactoflowerforecasteconomicgrowthondemand
outweighsthepositiveimpactofloweroilprices.
ConsumptionoutsideoftheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)is
projectedtogrowby1.2millionbbl/din2014and0.9millionbbl/din2015.Chinaistheleading
contributortoprojectedglobalconsumptiongrowth,withconsumptionincreasingbyanannual
averageof0.36millionbbl/din2014and2015.
EIAexpectsa0.2millionbbl/ddeclineinOECDconsumptionin2014.JapanandEuropeare
expectedtoaccountformuchoftheprojectedOECDconsumptiondecline.EIAexpectsJapan's
consumption,whichfellby0.16millionbbl/din2013,todeclinebyanadditional0.16million
bbl/din2014and0.14millionbbl/din2015.Japanisexpectedtouselessfueloilinthe
electricitysectorasthecountryreturnssomenuclearpowerplantstoservicein2015and
increasestheuseofnaturalgasandcoaltogenerateelectricity.EIAforecaststhatOECD
Europe'sconsumption,whichfellby0.15millionbbl/din2013,declinesbyanadditional0.12
millionbbl/din2014and0.14millionbbl/din2015.U.S.consumption,whichincreasedby0.47
millionbbl/din2013,isexpectedtoremainflatin2014andthenincreaseby0.14millionbbl/d
in2015.
NonOPECPetroleumandOtherLiquidsSupply.EIAestimatesthatnonOPECproductiongrew
by1.4millionbbl/din2013,averaging54.1millionbbl/dfortheyear.EIAexpectsnonOPEC
productiontogrowby1.9millionbbl/din2014and0.8millionbbl/din2015,withtheUnited
Statesastheleadingcontributor.NonOPECsupplyisforecasttoincreaseby1.6millionbbl/din
2014and1.0millionbbl/din2015.EIAestimatesthatEurasia'sproductionwillrisebyanannual
averageof0.05millionbbl/din2014anddeclineby0.09millionbbl/din2015,reflecting
declinesinRussiaandAzerbaijan.
UnplannedsupplydisruptionsamongnonOPECproducersaveragedslightlylowerthan0.6
millionbbl/dinNovember,virtuallyunchangedfromthepreviousmonth.SouthSudan,Syria,
andYemenaccountedformorethan90%oftotalnonOPECsupplydisruptions.
OPECPetroleumandOtherLiquidsSupply.EIAestimatesthatOPECcrudeoilproduction
averaged29.9millionbbl/din2013,adeclineofalmost1.0millionbbl/dfromthepreviousyear,
primarilyreflectingincreasedoutagesinLibya,Nigeria,Iran,andIraq,alongwithstrongnon
OPECsupplygrowth.EIAexpectsOPECcrudeoilproductiontofallby0.1millionbbl/din2014
andby0.2millionbbl/din2015.PreviouslyprojectedOPECcrudeoilproductiondeclineswere
reducedbasedonareassessmentofSaudiArabia'swillingnesstocutproduction.
TheIraqigovernmentinBaghdadreachedadealonoilexportsandrevenuewiththeKurdistan
RegionalGovernment(KRG)inearlyDecember2014,whichcouldfacilitateincreasedproduction
andexportsfromnorthernfieldscontrolledbytheKRGandbyBaghdad.Notwithstandingthis
agreement,thethreatoftheIslamicStateofIraqandtheLevant(ISIL)onnorthernproduction
andexportsstilllooms.Asaresult,Iraqisamajorwildcardtothe2015worldoilproduction
forecast.EIAprojectsthatIraqsproductionwillgrowby0.2millionbbl/dnextyear.Actual
productiongrowthhasthepotentialtoexceedthisforecastifBaghdadandKRGfollowthrough
onthedeal,andifISILdoesnotsubstantiallyaffectproduction.
UnplannedcrudeoilsupplydisruptionsamongOPECproducersaveraged2.7millionbbl/din
November2014,anincreaseofnearly0.6millionbbl/dbecauseofnewproductionoutagesin
LibyaandcontinuedoutagesintheNeutralZonesharedbyKuwaitandSaudiArabia.
IntermittentsupplyoutagesinLibyawillmostlikelypersistasthecountryfacespolitical
instabilityandadeterioratedsecurityenvironment.Asaresult,EIAdoesnotexpectLibya'soil
productiontorecovertoitspreblockadelevelof1.4millionbbl/dovertheforecastperiod.
EIAexpectsOPECsurpluscrudeoilproductioncapacity,whichisconcentratedinSaudiArabia,
toaverage2.1millionbbl/din2014and2.5millionbbl/din2015.Theestimatesdonotinclude
additionalcapacitythatmaybeavailableinIranbutisofflinebecauseoftheeffectsofU.S.and
EuropeanUnionsanctionsonIran'sabilitytosellitsoil.
OECDPetroleumInventories.EIAestimatesthatOECDcommercialoilinventoriestotaled2.55
billionbarrelsattheendof2013,equivalenttoroughly55daysofconsumption.ProjectedOECD
oilinventoriesriseto2.64billionbarrelsattheendof2014and2.71billionbarrelsattheendof
2015.
CrudeOilPrices.NorthSeaBrentcrudeoilspotpricesaveraged$79/bblinNovember,down
$8/bblfromtheOctoberaverageandthefirstmonthBrentcrudeoilpriceshaveaveraged
below$80/bblsinceSeptember2010.Thecombinationofrobustworldcrudeoilsupplygrowth
andweakglobaldemandhascontributedtorisingglobalinventoriesandfallingcrudeoilprices
(EIA,ThisWeekinPetroleum,November13,2014).OnNovember27,followingOPECsdecision
toleaveitscrudeoilproductiontargetunchanged,Brentcrudeoilspotpricesfellbymorethan
10%,andhavesincefallento$68/bblasofDecember4,thelowestdailypricesinceMay25,
2010.
EIAexpectsglobaloilinventoriestocontinuetobuildoverthenextyear,keepingdownward
pressureonoilprices.TheforecastBrentcrudeoilpriceaverages$68/bblin2015,$15/bbl
lowerthanprojectedinlastmonth'sSTEO.Basedoncurrentmarketbalances,EIAexpects
downwardpricepressurestobeconcentratedinthefirsthalfof2015whenglobalinventory
buildsareexpectedtobeparticularlystrong.EIAprojectsthatBrentpriceswillreacha2015
monthlyaveragelowof$63/bblforeachmonthfromMarchthroughMay,andthenincrease
throughtheremainderoftheyeartoaverage$73/bblduringthefourthquarter.
ThemonthlyaverageWTIcrudeoilspotpricefellfromanaverageof$84/bblinOctoberto
$76/bblinNovember.LikeBrentcrudeoilprices,WTIpriceshavedecreasedconsiderably,
fallingbymorethan28%sincereachingtheir2014peakatanaverageof$106/bblinJune.EIA
nowexpectsWTIcrudeoilpricestoaverage$75/bblinthefourthquarterof2014and$63/bbl
in2015,$5/bbland$15/bbllowerthanprojectedinlastmonth'sSTEO,respectively.The
discountofWTItoBrentcrudeoilisforecasttowidenslightlyfromcurrentlevels,averaging
$5/bblin2015.
However,thecurrentvaluesoffuturesandoptionscontractssuggesthighuncertaintyinthe
priceoutlook(MarketPricesandUncertaintyReport).WTIfuturescontractsforMarch2015
delivery,tradedduringthefivedayperiodendingDecember4,averaged$67/bbl.Implied
volatilityaveraged32%,establishingthelowerandupperlimitsofthe95%confidenceinterval
forthemarket'sexpectationsofmonthlyaverageWTIpricesinMarch2015at$51/bbland
$89/bbl,respectively.Lastyearatthistime,WTIforMarch2014deliveryaveraged$96/bbland
impliedvolatilityaveraged19%.Thecorrespondinglowerandupperlimitsofthe95%
confidenceintervalwere$82/bbland$112/bbl.
Therecentdeclinesinoilpriceandassociatedincreasesinoilpricevolatilityhavecreateda
particularlyuncertainforecastingenvironment,andseveralfactorscouldcauseoilpricesto
deviatesignificantlyfromcurrentprojections.Amongtheseistheresponsivenessofsupplyto
thelowerpriceenvironment.DespiteOPECsrecentdecisiontoleaveitscrudeoilproduction
targetat30millionbbl/d,ifcrudeoilpricescontinuetofall,SaudiArabiaandotherscould
choosetocutproduction,tighteningmarketbalances.Thelevelofcrudeoilproductionoutages
couldalsovaryfromforecastlevelsforawiderangeofproducers,includingOPECmembers
Libya,Iraq,Iran,Nigeria,andVenezuela.Additionally,thepriceandlagtimerequiredtocausea
reductioninforecastnonOPECsupplygrowth,particularlyU.S.tightoil,isnotknown.The
degreetowhichnonOPECsupplygrowthisaffectedbyloweroilpriceswillalsoaffectmarket
balancesandprices.
SeveralOPECandnonOPECoilproducersrelyheavilyonoilrevenuestofinancetheirfiscal
budgets.Someproducershavealreadystartedadjustingtheirupcomingbudgetstoreflectthe
crudeoilpricedecline.Ifcrudeoilpricescontinuetofalloraresustainedatalowerlevel,then
oildependentproducerswillhavetomaketoughpolicydecisions.Thiscouldpotentiallyleadto
austerityprogramsandfuelsubsidycutsthatcouldsparksocialunrest,leavingsomecountries
vulnerabletosupplydisruptionsifprotestorstargetoilinfrastructure.Potentialnewsupply
disruptionsarearealpossibilityinalowerthanexpectedpriceclimateandpresentan
uncertaintyintheworldoilsupplyforecast.
U.S.PetroleumandOtherLiquids
U.S.weeklyregulargasolineretailpricesaveraged$2.78/galonDecember1,whichmarkeda
decreaseof$0.21/galsincethebeginningofNovemberandthelowestweeklypriceaverage
sinceOctober4,2010.U.S.averageregulargasolineretailpriceshavefallenfornine
consecutiveweeksandaredownby25%sincetheirsummerpeakinlateJune.FallingBrent
crudeoilpriceshavebeenlargelyresponsibleforfallingretailgasolineprices.EIAexpectsthat
thecurrentlowcrudeoilpriceswillcontributetofurtherdeclinesingasolineprices,withthe
Decemberpriceexpectedtoaverage$2.61/gal.
LiquidFuelsConsumption.TotalU.S.liquidfuelsconsumptionroseby470,000bbl/d(2.5%)in
2013,thelargestincreasesince2004.Consumptionofhydrocarbongasliquids(HGL)registered
thelargestgain,increasingby190,000bbl/d(8.5%).In2014,totalliquidfuelsconsumptionis
expectedtoremainunchanged,withdeclinesintheconsumptionofHGL,residualfueloil,and
otheroilsoffsettingincreasesindistillatefuelandjetfuel.Totalconsumptionisforecastto
growby140,000bbl/din2015,withHGLanddistillateconsumptionaccountingformostofthe
growth.
Motorgasolineconsumptiongrewby160,000bbl/d(1.9%)in2013,thelargestincreasesince
2004.EIAexpectsgasolineconsumptiontoremainmostlyunchangedduringtheforecast
period,asmodestincreasesprojectedfor2014areoffsetbysmalldeclinesin2015.This
projectionshowsthatcontinuedimprovementsinnewvehiclefueleconomyoffsethighway
travelgrowth.
Distillatefuelconsumptionincreasesby120,000bbl/d(3.1%)in2014,reflectingcolderthan
averagefirstquarterweatherandeconomicgrowth.Distillateconsumptionrisesbyan
additional90,000bbl/d(2.2%)in2015.Someofthegrowthindistillatefuelconsumptionin
2015comesfromAnnexVItotheInternationalConventionforthePreventionofPollutionfrom
Ships(MARPOLAnnexVI),whichisaninternationalagreementthatgenerallyrequirestheuseof
fuelsbelow1,000partspermillionsulfurbymarinevesselsinmostU.S.waters,unless
alternativedevices,procedures,orcompliancemethodsareusedtoachieveequivalent
emissionsreductions.
Residualfueloilconsumption,whichfallstoanestimated240,000bbl/din2014,isprojectedto
declinefurtherto210,000bbl/din2015,whichwouldbethelowestlevelonrecord.
LiquidFuelsSupply.ForecastU.S.crudeoilproductionincreasesfromanaverageof7.4million
bbl/din2013to8.6millionbbl/din2014and9.3millionbbl/din2015.RecentonshoreLower
48statesoilproductionhasbeenhigherthanexpected,causinganupwardrevisionof155,000
bbl/dfromthepreviousforecastinthefourthquarterof2014.However,giventhereductionin
the2015crudeoilpriceforecast,withWTIcrudeoilpricesexpectedtoaverage$58/bblinthe
secondquarterof2015,EIAexpects2015drillingactivitytodeclineduetounattractive
economicreturnsinsomeareasofbothemergingandmatureoilproductionregions.Many
companieswillredirectinvestmentawayfrommarginalexplorationandresearchdrillingand
intocoreareasofmajortightoilplays.Oilpricesremainhighenoughtosupportdevelopment
drillingactivityintheBakken,EagleFord,Niobrara,andPermianBasin,whichcontributethe
majorityofU.S.oilproductiongrowth.TheGulfofMexicooilproductionforecasthasbeen
reviseddownwardthismonthby95,000bbl/din2015,assomeprojectswhichstarted
producingin2014arerampingupproductionslowerthaninitiallyexpected,whileother
projectsstartdateshavebeenpushedbackintolate2014andearly2015.
HGLproductionatnaturalgasliquidsplants,whichreachedarecordhighof3.1millionbbl/din
September,isprojectedtoincreaseto3.3millionbbl/dbytheendof2015.Ethaneandpropane
areexpectedtocontributemosttotheprojectedgrowth,withthemajorityofproduction
directedtowardsdomesticpetrochemicaluseorexports.EIAexpectshigherratesofethane
recoveriesasaresultofplannedincreasesinpetrochemicalfacilityfeedstockdemand,while
exportterminalexpansionswillallowhigherquantitiesofdomesticallyproducedpropaneand
butanestoreachtheinternationalmarket.
Thegrowthindomesticproductionhascontributedtoasignificantdeclineinpetroleum
imports.TheshareoftotalU.S.liquidfuelsconsumptionmetbynetimportsfellfrom60%in
2005toanaverageof33%in2013.EIAexpectsthenetimportsharetodeclineto21%in2015,
whichwouldbethelowestlevelsince1969.
PetroleumProductPrices.U.S.averageregulargasolineretailpricesfellfromamonthly
averageof$3.69/galinJuneto$2.91/galinNovember,thefirstmonthinwhichpriceshave
averagedbelow$3.00/galsinceDecember2010.EIAexpectsthatU.S.regulargasolineretail
priceswillfalltoanaverageof$2.61/galinDecember2014.TheU.S.regulargasolineretail
price,whichaveraged$3.51/galin2013,isprojectedtoaverage$3.37/galin2014and$2.60/gal
in2015.Forecastretailgasolinepricesfor2015are$0.35/gallowerthaninlastmonthsSTEO.
Dieselfuelprices,whichaveraged$3.92/galin2013,areprojectedtofalltoanaverageof
$3.82/galin2014and$3.07/galin2015.Forecastdieselfuelpricesfor2015are$0.31/gallower
thaninlastmonthsSTEO.
TheFebruary2015NewYorkHarborreformulatedblendstockforoxygenateblending(RBOB)
futurescontractaveraged$1.85/galforthefivetradingdaysendingDecember4,2014.An
RBOBfuturescontractpriceof$1.85/galisconsistentwithamonthlyaverageregulargrade
gasolineretailpricelessthan$2.50/galinMarch2015.Thereisa4%probabilitythattheRBOB
futurescontractpriceatexpirationmayexceed$2.35/gal,consistentwitharetailpriceof
$3.00/galorhigher.Dailyandweeklynationalaveragepricescandiffersignificantlyfrom
monthlyandseasonalaverages,andtherearealsosignificantdifferencesacrossregions,with
monthlyaveragepricesinsomeareasfallingaboveorbelowthenationalaveragepriceby
$0.30/galormore.
Lowerprojectedcrudeoilpricesalsocontributetoareductionintheforecastresidentialheating
oilpriceandaveragehouseholdheatingoilexpendituresthiswintercomparedtolastwinter.
Theaveragehouseholdthatusesheatingoilasitsprimaryspaceheatingfuelisexpectedtopay
anaverageof$3.09/galthiswinter,$0.79/gallowerthanlastwinter.Theaveragehouseholdis
nowexpectedtospend$1,722forheatingoilthiswinter,$57lowerthaninlastmonth'sSTEO.
NaturalGas
Afterarecordinjectionseason,the162BcfstoragewithdrawalfortheweekendingNovember
21tiedtherecordsetlastyearforthelargestNovemberwithdrawal.Thelargewithdrawal
reflectedunseasonablycoldweathereastoftheRockyMountains.Asaresult,thismonths
STEOrevisesdownwardendofMarch2015inventoriesto1,431Bcf,basedonNOAA
expectationsthattemperaturesfortherestofthewinterwillbeclosetonormal.EIAexpects
theHenryHubnaturalgasspotpricetoaverage$3.98/MMBtuthiswinter,closetolastmonths
forecast.
NaturalGasConsumption.EIAexpectstotalnaturalgasconsumptiontoaverage73.9Bcf/din
2014,anincreaseof3.2%from2013and1%higherthaninlastmonthsSTEO.Thisupward
revisionlargelyreflectscolderthanforecasttemperaturesinNovember.In2015,totalnatural
gasconsumptionisexpectedtodeclineaslowerresidentialandcommercialconsumptionoffset
increasesintheelectricpowerandindustrialsectors.Naturalgasconsumptioninthepower
sectorisexpectedtoaverage22.1Bcf/din2014,a0.8%declinecomparedtolastyear,reflecting
highernaturalgaspricesthisyear.EIAexpectsnaturalgasconsumptioninthepowersectorto
increaseto22.7Bcf/din2015.
NaturalGasProductionandTrade.EIAexpectsnaturalgasmarketedproductiontogrowbyan
annualrateof5.5%in2014and3.1%in2015.EIAprojectsthatthestrongincreasesalready
seenintheLower48statesformostofthisyearwillcontinuethrough2015,morethan
offsettingthelongtermtrendofdecliningproductionintheGulfofMexico.AsofSeptember,
themostrecentmonthforwhichEIAdataareavailable,drynaturalgasproductionwas4.6
Bcf/dgreaterthanitwasinSeptember2013.ProductionusuallydeclinesinSeptemberdueto
seasonalmaintenance;however,productionthisyearincreasedslightlyfromAugustto
September.
Growingdomesticnaturalgasproductionisexpectedtoreducedemandforimportsfrom
CanadaandspurexportstoMexico.EIAexpectsexportstoMexico,particularlyfromtheEagle
FordShaleinSouthTexas,toincreasebecauseofgrowingdemandfromMexico'selectricpower
sectorandflatMexicanproduction.
Liquefiednaturalgas(LNG)importshavefallenoverthepastfouryearsbecausehigherpricesin
EuropeandAsiaaremoreattractivetoLNGexportersthantherelativelylowpricesinthe
UnitedStates.EIAprojectsthattheUnitedStateswillbecomeanetLNGexporterwhen
ChenieresLNGliquefactionplantbeginsservice.
NaturalGasInventories.Naturalgasworkinginventoriestotaled3,410BcfasofNovember28,
whichwas227Bcflowerthanatthesametimelastyearand372Bcflowerthantheprevious
fiveyear(200913)average.Followinglastyearsextremelycoldwinter,inventoriesfelltoabout
1,000BcfbelowthefiveyearaverageinmidApril.Afterastronginjectionseason,inventories
were237BcfbelowthefiveyearaverageonNovember7.EIAprojectsthatendofMarch2015
inventorieswilltotal1,431Bcf,whichis225Bcfbelowthefiveyear(201014)average.
NaturalGasPrices.TheHenryHubnaturalgasspotpriceaveraged$4.12/MMBtuinNovember,
anincreaseof34centsfromOctober.EIAexpectsspotpricestoremainabove$4/MMBtu
throughJanuary.ProjectedHenryHubnaturalgaspricesaverage$4.44/MMBtuin2014and
$3.83/MMBtuin2015.
NaturalgasfuturespricesforMarch2015delivery(forthefivedayperiodendingDecember4)
averaged$3.84/MMBtu.Currentoptionsandfuturespricesimplythatmarketparticipants
placethelowerandupperboundsforthe95%confidenceintervalforMarch2015contractsat
$2.40/MMBtuand$6.13/MMBtu,respectively.Atthistimelastyear,thenaturalgasfutures
contractforMarch2014averaged$3.98/MMBtuandthecorrespondinglowerandupperlimits
ofthe95%confidenceintervalwere$3.01/MMBtuand$5.26/MMBtu.
Coal
Totalelectricpowersectorcoalstocksincreasedby3.1millionshorttons(MMst)inSeptember
comparedwiththepreviousmonth.Thisincreaseinstocksfollowsthetypicalseasonalpattern
wherecoalplantsbuildstocksduringtheautumnmonthsinpreparationforincreasedcoal
consumptioninthewinter.Despitetheincrease,endofSeptemberstocksare28MMst(18%)
lowerthanlastyearand23%lowerthanthepreviousfouryearaverageforthemonth.The
largeyearoveryeardecreaseinstocksreflectsincreasedcoalfiredelectricitygenerationduring
thewinterof201314acrossalargeportionofthecountryandsubsequentdecreasedcoal
deliveriesbecauseoflingeringrailtransportationissues.
CoalSupply.EIAestimatesthatcoalproductionforthefirst11monthsofthisyearwas909
MMst,almostunchangedfromthesameperiodlastyear.EIAexpectsthatannualproduction
willgrowby1.2%in2014andremainflatin2015.
CoalConsumption.Higherelectricitydemandandhigherpowersectornaturalgaspricesare
contributingtoanincreaseinelectricpowersectorcoalconsumptionthisyear.EIAprojects
electricpowercoalconsumptionof868MMstin2014,anincreaseof1.2%fromlastyear.
Powersectorcoalconsumptionisprojectedtofallby0.4%in2015,asretirementsofcoalpower
plantsriseinresponsetotheimplementationoftheMercuryandAirToxicsStandards,and
electricityandnaturalgaspricesfallrelativetocoalprices.
CoalTrade.Exportsofcoalareprojectedtodeclineto96MMstin2014from118MMstin
2013,primarilybecauseofslowingworldcoaldemandgrowth,lowerinternationalcoalprices,
andincreasingcoaloutputinothercoalexportingcountries.Withnoimprovementinglobal
marketconditions,EIAprojectscoalexportstofallto83MMstin2015,whichwouldbethe
lowestsince2010.
EIAexpectscoalimports,whichaccountforabout1%ofU.S.coalconsumption,tototal12.2
MMstin2014andfallto10.8MMstin2015.
CoalPrices.Theannualaveragecoalpricetotheelectricpowerindustryfellfromahistorically
high$2.39/MMBtuin2011to$2.35/MMBtuin2013.EIAexpectstheaveragedeliveredcoal
pricetobe$2.36/MMBtuin2014andremainatthatlevelin2015.
Electricity
Theelectricityindustryhasclosedanumberofcoalfiredpowerplantsoverthepasttwoyears.
During2013,anestimated5,700megawatts(MW)ofcoalcapacitywasretiredintheUnited
States.FromJanuarythroughSeptemberof2014,theindustryshutdownanadditional2,265
MWofcoalcapacity,withanother895MWofretirementsplannedthroughtheendoftheyear.
Theseretirementsaccountfor2.9%ofexistingcoalfiredcapacityattheendof2012.Coalfired
powerplantretirementspickupsignificantlynextyear,whenmorethan12,800MWofcapacity
isexpectedtobeshutdown.
ElectricityConsumption.TemperaturesthroughouttheUnitedStatesweresignificantlybelow
normallastmonth,withtheexceptionofthePacificCoast.U.S.HDDinNovemberwere18%
higherthantheprevious10yearaverage.However,HDDfortheremainderofthewinterare
expectedtobeabout1%lowerthanthe10yearaverageand10%lowerthanthesameperiod
lastwinter.EIAforecaststhatU.S.residentialelectricitysalesduringthe201415winter
(OctoberMarch)willaverageabout1.8%lessthanthepreviouswinter.EIAforecaststhatsales
ofelectricitytothecommercialsectorthiswinterwillgrowby0.8%,whileindustrialelectricity
saleswillgrowby1.2%fromlastwinter.
ElectricityGeneration.EIAestimatesthatU.S.electricitygenerationin2014willaverage11.2
terawatthoursperday,whichwouldbe1.1%higherthanaveragegenerationlastyear.Rising
naturalgaspricesthisyearhaveencouragedtheindustrytouseexistingcoalcapacityathigher
utilizationratesthanlastyear,leadingtoanexpectedincreaseincoal'sshareoftotalgeneration
from39.1%in2013to39.4%in2014,whilethesharesuppliedbynaturalgasfallsfrom27.4%to
27.1%.In2015,EIAexpectsthatnaturalgas'sfuelsharewillriseto27.6%andcoal'sfuelshare
willdeclineto38.9%inresponsetolowernaturalgaspricesandretirementsofcoalfiredpower
plants.
ElectricityRetailPrices.EIAexpectstheU.S.residentialpricetoaverage12.5centsper
kilowatthourin2014,whichis3.0%higherthantheaveragelastyear.Pricesincreaseinall
regionsofthecountryexceptalongthePacificCoast.AverageU.S.residentialelectricityprices
growataslowerrateof1.7%in2015.
RenewablesandCarbonDioxideEmissions
ElectricityandHeatGenerationfromRenewables.EIAprojectsthattotalrenewablesusedfor
electricityandheatgenerationwillgrowby1.8%in2014.Conventionalhydropowergeneration
isprojectedtofallby4.4%,whilenonhydropowerrenewablesriseby5.1%.Nonhydropower
renewablesgenerationsurpasseshydropoweronanannualbasisforthefirsttimein2014.In
2015,totalrenewablesconsumptionforelectricpowerandheatgenerationincreasesby4.3%
asaresultofsimilarincreasesinbothhydropowerandnonhydropowerrenewables.Electricity
generationfromwindisprojectedtocontribute4.7%oftotalelectricitygenerationin2015.
10
EIAexpectscontinuedgrowthinutilityscalesolarpowergeneration,whichisprojectedto
averagemorethan60gigawatthoursperdayin2015.Despitethegrowth,thisremainsjust0.6%
oftotalU.S.generation.Whilesolargrowthhashistoricallybeenconcentratedincustomersited
distributedgenerationinstallations,utilityscalesolarcapacityslightlymorethandoubledin
2013.EIAexpectsthatutilityscalesolarcapacitywillnearlydoubleagainbetweentheendof
2013andtheendof2015,withabouttwothirdsofthisnewcapacitybeingbuiltinCalifornia.
LiquidBiofuels.Ethanolproductionreachedaweeklyrecordof982,000bbl/dduringtheweek
endingNovember21,exceedingthepreviousrecordof972,000bbl/dsetduringtheweek
endingJune13,2014.EthanolproductioninNovemberalsoreachedamonthlyaveragerecord
of963,000bbl/d,exceedingthepreviousrecordof959,000bbl/dsetinDecember2011.EIA
expectsethanolproductiontoaverage931,000bbl/din2014and948,000bbl/din
2015.Biodieselproductionaveraged89,000bbl/din2013andisforecasttoaverage80,000
bbl/din2014and84,000bbl/din2015.
EnergyRelatedCarbonDioxideEmissions.EIAestimatesthatcarbondioxideemissionsfrom
fossilfuelsincreasedby2.5%in2013fromthepreviousyear.Emissionsareforecasttoriseby
1.3%in2014,primarilybecauseofcoldweatherearlyintheyear,andthentoremainflatin
2015.
U.S.EconomicAssumptions
RecentEconomicIndicators.TheBureauofEconomicAnalysis(BEA)reportedthatrealgross
domesticproduct(GDP)grewatanannualizedrateof3.9%fromthesecondtothirdquarters.
Thiswasanupwardrevisionfromtheirearlierestimateof3.5%growthbecauseprivate
inventoryinvestmentdecreasedlessthanpreviouslyestimated,andbothpersonalconsumption
expendituresandnonresidentialfixedinvestmentincreasedmore.Resultsfromothereconomic
datahavebeenrelativelypositiveaswell.TheCensusBureaureportedthatnewhomesalesin
Octoberrose0.7%overSeptember2014levels,and1.8%overOctober2013levels.Censusalso
reportedthatnewordersfordurablegoodsrose0.4%fromAugusttoSeptember,butfell0.9%
excludingtransportation.Realpersonalconsumptionexpendituresrose0.2%fromSeptember
toOctoberaccordingtotheBEA,andrealpersonaldisposableincomerose0.1%duringthis
time.
EIAusedtheNovember2014versionoftheIHS/GlobalInsightmacroeconomicmodelwithEIA's
energypriceforecastsasmodelinputstodeveloptheeconomicprojectionsintheSTEO.
ProductionandIncome.RealGDPgrowthreaches2.2%in2014andrisesto2.4%in2015,
belowthe2.3%and2.7%forecastfor2014and2015lastmonth.Expectedgrowthin2014is
lowerinthismonthsforecastbecauseoflessinvestmentspending.RealGDPgrowthislowerin
2015asaresultofreducedexportsduetoastrongerdollarandlessdemandfromslower
growingeconomies.Realdisposableincomegrows2.7%in2014,justabovethe2.6%forecast
11
lastmonth,andtotalindustrialproductiongrowsat4%in2014.In2015realdisposableincome
growsat2.4%andindustrialproductiongrowsat2.3%.
Expenditures.Privaterealfixedinvestmentgrowthaverages4.9%and5.3%in2014and2015,
respectively,ledbyindustrialandtransportationequipmentin2014andbyabroadarrayof
equipmentcategoriesin2015.Realconsumptionexpendituresgrowat2.2%in2014,thesame
rateasrealGDP,butriseabovetherealGDPgrowthratein2015to2.5%.Durablegoods
expendituresdriveconsumptionspendinginbothyears.Exportgrowthis3.2%and2.9%over
2014and2015,respectively,whileimportgrowthis3.4%and2.6%overthesametwoyears.
Totalgovernmentexpendituresfallby0.2%in2014,butincreaseby0.2%in2015.
U.S.Employment,Housing,andPrices.Projectedgrowthinnonfarmemploymentaverages
1.8%inboth2014and2015.Thisisaccompaniedbyagraduallydecliningunemploymentrate
thatreaches5.7%attheendof2015.Theemploymentgrowthin2014and2015isthesameas
projectedlastmonth,whilethedeclineintheunemploymentratehasslowed.Housingstarts
growatanaverageof7.4%and16.6%in2014and2015,respectively.Bothconsumerand
producerpriceindexesincreaseatamoderatepace,andwagescontinuetoshowmodestgains.
ThisreportwaspreparedbytheU.S.EnergyInformationAdministration(EIA),thestatistical
andanalyticalagencywithintheU.S.DepartmentofEnergy.Bylaw,EIA'sdata,analyses,and
forecastsareindependentofapprovalbyanyotherofficeroremployeeoftheUnitedStates
Government.Theviewsinthisreportthereforeshouldnotbeconstruedasrepresenting
thoseoftheU.S.DepartmentofEnergyorotherfederalagencies.
12
U.S. Energy Information Administration

Independent Statistics & Analysis
Short-Term Energy Outlook

Chart Gallery for December 2014
West Texas Intermediate (WTI) Crude Oil Price

dollars per barrel
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Jan 2013
Historical spot price

STEO price forecast
NYMEX futures price
95% NYMEX futures upper confidence interval
95% NYMEX futures lower confidence interval
Jul 2013
Jan 2014
Jul 2014
Jan 2015
Jul 2015
Note: Confidence interval derived from options market information for the 5 trading days ending Dec. 4,
2014. Intervals not calculated for months with sparse trading in near-the-money options contracts.
Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.
U.S. Gasoline and Crude Oil Prices

dollars per gallon
5.00
Price difference
4.50
Retail regular gasoline
4.00
Crude oil
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Jan 2010
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Forecast
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
Crude oil price is composite refiner acquisition cost. Retail prices include state and federal taxes.
U.S. Diesel Fuel and Crude Oil Prices

dollars per gallon
5.00
Price difference
4.50
Retail diesel fuel
4.00
Crude oil
3.50
3.00
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
Jan 2010
Jan 2011
Forecast
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
Crude oil price is composite refiner acquisition cost. Retail prices include state and federal taxes.
Henry Hub Natural Gas Price

dollars per million Btu
12
10
8
Historical spot price

STEO forecast price
NYMEX futures price
95% NYMEX futures upper confidence interval
95% NYMEX futures lower confidence interval
6
4
2
0
Jan 2013
Jul 2013
Jan 2014
Jul 2014
Jan 2015
Jul 2015
Note: Confidence interval derived from options market information for the 5 trading days ending Dec. 4,
2014. Intervals not calculated for months with sparse trading in near-the-money options contracts.
U.S. Natural Gas Prices

dollars per thousand cubic feet
20
18
Residential price
Henry Hub spot price
Forecast
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Jan 2010
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
World Liquid Fuels Production and

Consumption Balance
MMbbl/d
million barrels per day (MMbbl/d)

96
Forecast
Implied stock change and balance (right axis)
94
World production (left axis)
92
5
4
World consumption (left axis)
90
88
86
84
82
-1
80
-2
78
2009-Q1
-3
2010-Q1
2011-Q1
2012-Q1
2013-Q1
2014-Q1
2015-Q1
Estimated Historical Unplanned OPEC

Crude Oil Production Outages
million barrels per day
3.0
Saudi Arabia
Kuwait
Iraq
Nigeria
Libya
Iran
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
Jan 2011 Jul 2011 Jan 2012 Jul 2012 Jan 2013 Jul 2013 Jan 2014 Jul 2014
Estimated Historical Unplanned Non-OPEC

Liquid Fuels Production Outages
Indonesia
1.4
Gabon
1.2
United States
Mexico
1.0
Colombia
Argentina
0.8
Australia
0.6
Brazil
Canada
0.4
North Sea
0.2
0.0
Jan 2011
Yemen
China
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Syria
Sudan / S. Sudan
World Liquid Fuels Consumption

annual change (MMbbl/d)
94
Change in U.S. consumption (right axis)
92
Change in China consumption (right axis)
90
Change in other consumption (right axis)
88
Total world consumption (left axis)
86
84
82
80
78
-1
-2
76
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
World Liquid Fuels Consumption Growth

1.0
Forecast
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
2013
OECD*
2014
Non-OECD Asia
2015
Former Soviet Union
Other
* Countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
World Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels Production Growth

2.0
Forecast
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
-1.5
2013
OPEC countries
2014
North America
2015
Russia and Caspian Sea
Latin America
North Sea
Other Non-OPEC
Non-OPEC Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels Production Growth

4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
-0.5
-1.0
United Kingdom
Syria
Azerbaijan
Mexico
Egypt
Norway
Australia
Other North Sea
Gabon
Vietnam
India
Malaysia
Colombia
Kazakhstan
Oman
Russia
Sudan/S. Sudan
Brazil
China
Canada
United States
2015
2014
2013
World Consumption and Non-OPEC Production Growth

dollars per barrel

8
80
World oil consumption growth (left axis)
Forecast
Non-OPEC production growth (left axis)
60
Change in WTI price (right axis)
40
20
-20
-40
-60
-80
-1
2011-Q1
-100
2012-Q1
2013-Q1
2014-Q1
2015-Q1
OPEC surplus crude oil production capacity

6
Forecast
5
4
3
2
1
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Note: Shaded area represents 2003-2013 average (2.2 million barrels per day).
OECD Commercial Crude Oil Stocks

days of supply
70
Forecast
65
60
55
50
45
40
Jan 2009
Jan 2010
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
Note: Colored band around crude oil stocks days of supply represents the range between the
minimum and maximum from Jan. 2009 - Dec. 2013.
U.S. Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels Production

15
14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2
2012
2013
Crude oil (right axis)
Fuel ethanol (right axis)
Total production (left axis)
2014
2015
Natural gas plant liquids (right axis)
Biodiesel (right axis)
Production forecast (left axis)
U.S. Commercial Crude Oil Stocks

million barrels
425
Forecast
400
375
350
325
300
275
250
Jan 2009
Jan 2010
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
Note: Colored band around storage levels represents the range between the minimum and
maximum from Jan. 2009 - Dec. 2013.
U.S. Liquid Fuels Product Supplied

20.0
0.75
19.5
0.60
19.0
0.45
18.5
0.30
18.0
0.15
17.5
0.00
17.0
-0.15
-0.30
16.5
2012
2013
Motor gasoline (right axis)
Distillate fuel (right axis)
Total product supplied (left axis)
2014
2015
Jet fuel (right axis)
Other fuels (right axis)
Product supplied forecast (left axis)
U.S. Gasoline and Distillate Inventories

million barrels
260
Total motor gasoline inventory
240
220
200
180
160
140
120
100
Total distillate fuel inventory
80
60
Jan 2009
Jan 2010
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Forecast
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
Note: Colored bands around storage levels represent the range between the minimum and
maximum from Jan. 2009 - Dec. 2013.
U.S. Natural Gas Consumption

billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d)
annual change (Bcf/d)

8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2012
2013
Electric power (right axis)
Industrial (right axis)
Total consumption (left axis)
2014
2015
Residential and comm. (right axis)
Other (right axis)
Consumption forecast (left axis)
U.S. Natural Gas Production and Imports

billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d)
annual change (Bcf/d)
80
78
76
74
72
70
68
66
64
62
60
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
-1
-2
2012
2013
2014
2015
Federal Gulf of Mexico production (right axis)
U.S. non-Gulf of Mexico production (right axis)
U.S. net imports (right axis)
Total marketed production (left axis)
Marketed production forecast (left axis)
U.S. Working Natural Gas in Storage

billion cubic feet
deviation from average
5,000
Forecast
4,000
120%
100%
3,000
80%
2,000
60%
1,000
40%
20%
0%
-1,000
-2,000
-20%
Deviation from average
-40%
Storage level
-60%
-4,000
Jan 2010
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
Note: Colored band around storage levels represents the range between the minimum
and maximum from Jan. 2009 - Dec. 2013.
-3,000
U.S. Coal Consumption

million short tons (MMst)
annual change (MMst)
180
150
120
90
60
30
0
-30
-60
-90
-120
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2012
2013
Electric power (right axis)

Coke plants (right axis)
2014
2015
Retail and general industry (right axis)

U.S. Coal Production

million short tons (MMst)
annual change (MMst)
100
120
80
80
60
40
40
20
-40
-80
2012
2013
Western region (right axis)
Interior region (right axis)
Production forecast (left axis)
2014
2015
Appalachian region (right axis)
Total production (left axis)
U.S. Electric Power Coal Stocks

million short tons
250
Forecast
225
200
175
150
125
100
75
50
25
0
Jan 2006
Jan 2008
Jan 2010
Jan 2012
Jan 2014
Note: Colored band around stock levels represents the range between the minimum
and maximum from Jan. 2006 - Dec. 2013.
U.S. Electricity Consumption

million kilowatthours per day (kWh/d)
annual change (million kWh/d)
14,000
200
12,000
150
10,000
100
8,000
50
6,000
4,000
-50
2,000
-100
-150
0
2012
2013
2014
2015
Residential (right axis)
Commercial and transportation (right axis)
Industrial (right axis)
Direct use (right axis)
U.S. Residential Electricity Price

cents per kilowatthour
14
24%
12
20%
10
16%
10.3%
8
6
12%
3.2% 2.6%
8%
5.7%
5.4%
2.4%
2.2%
0.3%
3.0%
1.7%
1.6% 1.4% 2.0%
4%
0%
-4%
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Annual growth (right axis)
Residential electricity price
Price forecast
U.S. Electricity Generation by Fuel, All Sectors

thousand megawatthours per day
14,000
Forecast
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
42.3% 37.4% 39.1% 39.4% 38.9%

49.0% 48.5% 48.2% 44.4% 44.8%
24.7% 30.3% 27.4% 27.1% 27.6%

20.1% 21.6% 21.4% 23.3% 23.9%
Coal
Natural gas
Petroleum
Nuclear
Hydropower
Renewables
Other sources
2,000
0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Note: Labels show percentage share of total generation provided by coal and natural gas.
U.S. Renewable Energy Supply

quadrillion British thermal units (Btu)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Forecast
Solar
Geothermal
Other biomass
Wind power
Liquid biofuels
Wood biomass
Hydropower
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Note: Hydropower excludes pumped storage generation. Liquid biofuels include ethanol and biodiesel. Other
biomass includes municipal waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, and other non-wood waste.
U.S. Annual Energy Expenditures

share of gross domestic product
Forecast
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
2009
2012
2015
U.S. Energy-Related Carbon Dioxide Emissions

annual growth
15%
12%
9%
6%
3%
0%
-3%
-6%
-9%
-12%
-15%
Forecast
2012
2013
All fossil fuels
2014
Coal
Petroleum
2015
Natural gas
U.S. Total Industrial Production Index

index (2007 = 100)
change
115
110
105
35%
Change from prior year (right axis)
30%
Industrial production index (left axis)
25%
100
20%
95
15%
90
10%
85
5%
80
0%
75
-5%
70
Jan 2010
-10%
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
U.S. Disposable Income

billion 2009 dollars, seasonally adjusted
change
12,800
15%
Change from prior year (right axis)
12,400
12%
Real disposable income (left axis)
12,000
9%
11,600
6%
11,200
3%
10,800
0%
10,400
-3%
10,000
Jan 2010
-6%
Jan 2011
Jan 2012
Jan 2013
Jan 2014
Jan 2015
U.S. Summer Cooling Degree Days

population-weighted
450
400
350
300
250
2012
2013
2014
2015
200
150
100
50
0
April
May
June
July
August
September
Note: EIA calculations based on from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration data. Horizontal lines
indicate each month's prior 10-year average (2005-2014). Projections reflect NOAA's 14-16 month outlook.
U.S. Winter Heating Degree Days

population-weighted
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
2011/12
2012/13
2013/14
2014/15
October
November
December
January
February
March
Note: EIA calculations based on National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) data. Horizontal lines
indicate each month's prior 10-year average (Oct 2004 - Mar 2014). Projections reflect NOAA's 14-16 month outlook.
U.S. Census Regions and Divisions
Table WF01. Average Consumer Prices and Expenditures for Heating Fuels During the Winter
U.S. Energy Information Administration | Short-Term Energy Outlook - December 2014
Winter of
07-08
08-09
09-10
10-11
11-12
12-13
Fuel / Region
Natural Gas
Northeast
Consumption (Mcf**)
Price ($/mcf)
Expenditures ($)
Midwest
Consumption (Mcf)
Price ($/mcf)
Expenditures ($)
South
Consumption (Mcf)
Price ($/mcf)
Expenditures ($)
West
Consumption (Mcf)
Price ($/mcf)
Expenditures ($)
U.S. Average
Consumption (Mcf)
Price ($/mcf)
Expenditures ($)
Heating Oil
U.S. Average
Consumption (gallons)
Price ($/gallon)
Expenditures ($)
Electricity
Northeast
Consumption (kWh***)
Price ($/kwh)
Expenditures ($)
Midwest
Consumption (kWh)
Price ($/kwh)
Expenditures ($)
South
Consumption (kWh)
Price ($/kwh)
Expenditures ($)
West
Consumption (kWh)
Price ($/kwh)
Expenditures ($)
U.S. Average
Consumption (kWh)
Price ($/kwh)
Expenditures ($)
13-14
Forecast
14-15
% Change
75.2
15.18
1,141
80.3
15.83
1,272
75.7
13.31
1,007
80.7
12.66
1,022
66.4
12.21
812
76.0
11.74
893
84.1
11.57
973
77.3
12.12
936
-8.1
4.7
-3.7
78.2
11.40
892
80.7
11.47
926
78.6
9.44
742
80.2
9.23
740
65.4
8.99
587
77.6
8.36
648
88.1
8.70
766
79.1
8.83
698
-10.2
1.5
-8.9
44.6
14.18
632
47.3
14.07
665
53.3
11.52
614
49.3
11.02
544
40.9
11.45
468
46.5
10.71
498
52.2
10.79
563
49.4
11.12
550
-5.3
3.1
-2.3
48.6
11.31
550
46.3
10.86
502
48.0
9.92
476
47.7
9.67
461
47.3
9.35
442
46.9
9.13
428
44.9
9.96
448
43.8
10.01
439
-2.4
0.5
-2.0
62.0
12.72
789
63.7
12.87
820
63.9
10.83
692
64.5
10.46
675
55.2
10.25
566
62.0
9.73
603
67.6
9.99
675
62.6
10.26
642
-7.5
2.7
-5.0
537.7
3.33
1,789
576.5
2.65
1,530
544.5
2.85
1,551
580.5
3.38
1,965
471.0
3.73
1,756
545.3
3.87
2,113
607.3
3.88
2,354
556.5
3.09
1,722
-8.4
-20.2
-26.8
6,835
0.145
988
7,063
0.152
1,071
6,847
0.152
1,040
7,076
0.154
1,091
6,436
0.154
993
6,862
0.152
1,046
7,222
0.163
1,179
6,917
0.168
1,160
-4.2
2.7
-1.6
8,631
0.090
774
8,751
0.097
851
8,660
0.099
856
8,733
0.105
914
7,897
0.111
875
8,588
0.111
955
9,168
0.112
1,024
8,669
0.116
1,004
-5.5
3.6
-2.0
7,778
0.098
765
8,057
0.109
878
8,486
0.103
874
8,224
0.104
856
7,471
0.107
798
7,978
0.107
851
8,389
0.109
912
8,186
0.112
917
-2.4
3.0
0.5
7,153
0.104
742
6,968
0.107
743
7,101
0.110
784
7,083
0.112
794
7,054
0.115
809
7,017
0.119
836
6,870
0.124
849
6,793
0.125
852
-1.1
1.5
0.4
7,557
0.104
787
7,701
0.112
864
7,909
0.110
870
7,817
0.113
881
7,225
0.116
839
7,645
0.117
892
7,965
0.120
952
7,726
0.123
949
-3.0
2.8
-0.3
Table WF01. Average Consumer Prices and Expenditures for Heating Fuels During the Winter
Winter of
07-08
08-09
09-10
10-11
11-12
12-13
Fuel / Region
Propane
Northeast
Price* ($/gallon)
Expenditures ($)
Midwest
Price* ($/gallon)
Expenditures ($)
Forecast
14-15
% Change
648.0
2.93
1,897
690.1
2.84
1,961
648.1
2.98
1,933
692.7
3.24
2,241
573.3
3.34
1,916
651.9
3.00
1,959
745.4
3.56
2,654
688.0
3.08
2,119
-7.7
-13.5
-20.1
774.6
2.25
1,744
795.0
2.11
1,678
779.6
1.99
1,548
791.8
2.11
1,674
644.3
2.23
1,437
766.4
1.74
1,333
868.6
2.61
2,267
780.4
1.93
1,506
-10.2
-26.1
-33.6
11,236
5,701
761
2,894
548
11,369
5,466
816
3,012
579
11,511
5,248
836
3,070
605
11,632
5,055
827
3,134
646
1.0
-3.7
-1.1
2.1
6.9
18,019
393
2,037
5,119
631
18,047
360
2,065
5,316
635
17,960
334
2,062
5,489
655
17,891
311
2,003
5,626
696
-0.4
-6.8
-2.9
2.5
6.2
13,636
790
2,024
27,283
609
13,702
741
1,990
27,832
611
13,622
693
1,893
28,406
625
13,450
648
1,772
29,058
635
-1.3
-6.5
-6.4
2.3
1.7
15,021
261
885
8,439
736
14,998
246
911
8,650
730
15,018
237
915
8,831
726
15,084
229
878
9,043
734
0.4
-3.1
-4.1
2.4
1.1
57,912
7,145
5,707
43,734
2,524
58,115
6,812
5,782
44,810
2,554
58,111
6,511
5,707
45,795
2,610
58,057
6,244
5,479
46,861
2,711
-0.1
-4.1
-4.0
2.3
3.9
4,217
4,484
2,023
3,087
3,191
4,964
5,544
2,431
3,041
3,689
5,596
6,452
2,790
2,871
4,085
5,065
5,675
2,614
2,772
3,732
-9.5
-12.0
-6.3
-3.5
-8.6
Number of households by primary space heating fuel (thousands)

Northeast
Natural gas
10,714 10,889 10,992 11,118
Heating oil
6,520
6,280
6,016
5,858
Propane
704
713
733
744
Electricity
2,550
2,563
2,645
2,776
Wood
414
474
501
512
Midwest
Natural gas
18,366 18,288 18,050 17,977
Heating oil
534
491
451
419
Propane
2,181
2,131
2,098
2,073
Electricity
4,469
4,570
4,715
4,922
Wood
528
584
616
618
South
Natural gas
14,061 13,958 13,731 13,657
Heating oil
1,051
956
906
853
Propane
2,356
2,220
2,165
2,098
Electricity
24,662 25,258 25,791 26,555
Wood
558
593
586
599
West
Natural gas
15,084 15,027 14,939 15,020
Heating oil
316
294
289
279
Propane
942
936
940
914
Electricity
7,651
7,768
7,877
8,126
Wood
679
703
721
725
U.S. Totals
Natural gas
58,226 58,162 57,713 57,771
Heating oil
8,422
8,021
7,662
7,408
Propane
6,184
5,999
5,936
5,829
Electricity
39,332 40,159 41,029 42,380
Wood
2,179
2,353
2,424
2,454
Heating degree days
Northeast
Midwest
South
West
U.S. Average
13-14
4,914
5,603
2,279
3,196
3,696
5,313
5,810
2,493
2,994
3,840
4,933
5,639
2,870
3,138
3,903
5,337
5,773
2,632
3,118
3,907
Note: Winter covers the period October 1 through March 31. Fuel prices are nominal prices. Fuel consumption per household is based only
on households that use that fuel as the primary space-heating fuel. Included in fuel consumption is consumption for water heating,
appliances, and lighting (electricity). Per-household consumption based on an average of EIA 2005 and 2009 Residential Energy
Consumption Surveys corrected for actual and projected heating degree days. Number of households using heating oil includes kerosene.
* Prices exclude taxes
** thousand cubic feet
*** kilowatthour
Table 1. U.S. Energy Markets Summary

2013
1st
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
Energy Supply
Crude Oil Production (a)
(million barrels per day) .........................
7.11
7.29
7.56
7.79
8.06
8.54
8.74
9.04
9.27
9.37
9.26
9.36
7.44
8.60
9.32
Dry Natural Gas Production

(billion cubic feet per day) .....................
65.58
66.07
67.43
67.57
67.83
69.33
71.12
71.70
71.94
71.94
72.07
72.47
66.67
70.01
72.11
Coal Production
(million short tons) ................................
245
243
257
239
245
246
252
253
254
237
255
250
984
996
995
Liquid Fuels
(million barrels per day) .........................
18.64
18.72
19.21
19.26
18.81
18.71
19.16
19.15
18.89
18.98
19.32
19.20
18.96
18.96
19.10
Natural Gas
(billion cubic feet per day) .....................
88.47
59.95
61.03
77.16
95.50
61.20
61.89
77.23
90.66
62.64
63.74
76.78
71.59
73.87
73.39
Coal (b)
(million short tons) ................................
229
216
253
226
249
213
247
226
239
210
255
226
925
934
931
Electricity
(billion kilowatt hours per day) ...............
10.39
10.03
11.55
10.00
10.91
10.03
11.45
10.09
10.80
10.10
11.74
10.14
10.50
10.62
10.70
Renewables (c)
(quadrillion Btu) .....................................
2.28
2.50
2.26
2.31
2.36
2.57
2.28
2.31
2.42
2.62
2.39
2.42
9.35
9.52
9.84
Total Energy Consumption (d)

(quadrillion Btu) .....................................
25.52
22.99
24.21
25.07
26.71
23.13
24.10
24.75
25.88
23.14
24.35
24.79
97.79
98.69
98.17
Crude Oil (e)

(dollars per barrel) .................................
101.14
99.45
105.24
95.97
97.56
101.02
96.33
74.30
59.33
57.34
63.97
66.33
100.46
92.30
61.78
Natural Gas Henry Hub Spot

(dollars per million Btu) ..........................
3.49
4.01
3.55
3.85
5.21
4.61
3.96
4.00
3.95
3.63
3.77
3.97
3.73
4.44
3.83
Coal
(dollars per million Btu) ..........................
2.35
2.37
2.33
2.34
2.33
2.39
2.37
2.35
2.36
2.36
2.35
2.36
2.35
2.36
2.36
Real Gross Domestic Product

(billion chained 2009 dollars - SAAR) .....
Percent change from prior year ..............
15,538
1.7
15,607
1.8
15,780
2.3
15,916
3.1
15,832
1.9
16,010
2.6
16,151
2.3
16,215
1.9
16,296
2.9
16,382
2.3
16,489
2.1
16,576
2.2
15,710
2.2
16,052
2.2
16,436
2.4
GDP Implicit Price Deflator

(Index, 2009=100) .................................
106.2
1.6
106.5
1.5
106.9
1.4
107.3
1.4
107.7
1.4
108.3
1.7
108.6
1.6
109.2
1.7
109.8
1.9
110.2
1.8
110.6
1.9
111.3
1.9
106.7
1.5
108.4
1.6
110.5
1.9
Real Disposable Personal Income

(billion chained 2009 dollars - SAAR) .....
11,539
-0.1
11,647
0.3
11,706
0.9
11,712
-1.9
11,810
2.4
11,937
2.5
12,016
2.6
12,084
3.2
12,147
2.9
12,206
2.3
12,284
2.2
12,360
2.3
11,651
-0.2
11,962
2.7
12,249
2.4
Manufacturing Production Index

(Index, 2007=100) .................................
97.1
3.2
97.5
2.7
97.9
2.7
99.0
3.2
99.4
2.4
101.1
3.8
102.1
4.4
102.8
3.8
102.9
3.5
103.4
2.2
104.2
2.0
105.1
2.3
97.9
2.9
101.4
3.6
103.9
2.5
2,200
37
509
378
76
803
1,646
87
2,439
34
479
392
80
773
1,600
97
2,132
38
475
391
76
846
1,540
94
4,431
1,304
4,598
1,297
4,223
1,368
Energy Consumption
Energy Prices
Macroeconomic
Weather
U.S. Heating Degree-Days ....................
U.S. Cooling Degree-Days ....................
- = no data available
Prices are not adjusted for inflation.
(a) Includes lease condensate.
(b) Total consumption includes Independent Power Producer (IPP) consumption.
(c) Renewable energy includes minor components of non-marketed renewable energy that is neither bought nor sold, either directly or indirectly, as inputs to marketed energy.
EIA does not estimate or project end-use consumption of non-marketed renewable energy.
(d) The conversion from physical units to Btu is calculated using a subset of conversion factors used in the calculations of gross energy consumption in EIAs Monthly Energy Review
Consequently, the historical data may not precisely match those published in the MER or the Annual Energy Review (AER).
(e) Refers to the refiner average acquisition cost (RAC) of crude oil.
Notes: The approximate break between historical and forecast values is shown with historical data printed in bold; estimates and forecasts in italics.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports: Petroleum Supply Monthly , DOE/EIA-0109;
Petroleum Supply Annual , DOE/EIA-0340/2; Weekly Petroleum Status Report , DOE/EIA-0208; Petroleum Marketing Monthly , DOE/EIA-0380; Natural Gas Monthly , DOE/EIA-0130;
Electric Power Monthly , DOE/EIA-0226; Quarterly Coal Report , DOE/EIA-0121; and International Petroleum Monthly , DOE/EIA-0520.
Minor discrepancies with published historical data are due to independent rounding.
Projections: EIA Regional Short-Term Energy Model. Macroeconomic projections are based on Global Insight Model of the U.S. Economy.
Weather projections from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.
Table 2. U.S. Energy Prices

2013
2014
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
94.34
112.49
98.71
101.14
94.10
102.58
97.39
99.45
105.84
110.27
103.07
105.24
97.34
109.21
92.95
95.97
98.75
108.17
94.10
97.56
103.35
109.70
98.59
101.02
289
312
308
290
295
276
288
306
295
259
299
296
272
303
303
316
252
287
244
298
247
294
250
357
363
403
389
360
367
388
365
357
364
391
366
Henry Hub Spot (dollars per thousand cubic feet) ..........

Henry Hub Spot (dollars per Million Btu) .........................
End-Use Prices (dollars per thousand cubic feet)
3.59
3.49
4.13
4.01
Industrial Sector ............................................................

Commercial Sector .......................................................
Residential Sector .........................................................
Electricity
Power Generation Fuel Costs (dollars per million Btu)
4.57
7.77
9.24
Coal ...............................................................................
Natural Gas ..................................................................
Residual Fuel Oil (c) .....................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil ...........................................................
End-Use Prices (cents per kilowatthour)
Industrial Sector ............................................................
Commercial Sector .......................................................
Residential Sector .........................................................
2015
3rd
Year
2014
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
2015
97.78
101.82
94.00
96.33
75.40
78.48
72.24
74.30
60.33
65.00
56.85
59.33
58.33
63.67
54.83
57.34
65.00
70.67
61.49
63.97
67.33
73.00
63.84
66.33
97.91
108.64
98.12
100.46
93.82
99.54
89.95
92.30
62.75
68.08
59.27
61.78
298
300
289
276
288
276
212
240
224
182
208
204
192
204
190
199
219
203
186
224
218
281
303
297
264
283
268
190
214
206
297
249
295
244
289
243
237
203
204
159
199
146
211
159
218
168
298
248
279
234
208
158
329
337
387
373
340
348
396
397
368
375
394
382
350
358
384
369
290
298
355
325
253
261
305
299
261
269
298
282
267
275
309
286
257
265
317
299
351
358
392
378
337
345
382
370
260
268
307
296
3.66
3.55
3.97
3.85
5.36
5.21
4.75
4.61
4.08
3.96
4.12
4.00
4.07
3.95
3.74
3.63
3.88
3.77
4.09
3.97
3.84
3.73
4.58
4.44
3.94
3.83
4.95
8.53
11.90
4.38
8.96
16.13
4.68
7.96
9.90
6.17
8.66
9.83
5.60
9.61
13.18
5.06
9.67
16.93
5.11
8.82
10.62
5.22
8.92
9.78
4.55
8.97
12.44
4.66
9.46
16.37
5.06
8.96
10.90
4.64
8.08
10.30
5.50
8.95
10.97
4.89
9.00
10.96
2.35
4.35
19.37
23.44
2.37
4.56
19.83
22.62
2.33
4.06
18.76
23.23
2.34
4.41
19.47
22.97
2.33
6.82
19.95
23.39
2.39
4.93
20.44
22.74
2.37
4.25
19.98
21.93
2.35
4.89
17.15
18.84
2.36
4.83
14.12
17.47
2.36
4.29
12.67
16.78
2.35
4.43
12.49
17.62
2.36
4.86
12.70
18.79
2.35
4.32
19.33
23.08
2.36
5.12
19.49
22.21
2.36
4.58
12.98
17.67
6.55
9.96
11.56
6.79
10.33
12.31
7.24
10.68
12.54
6.67
10.14
12.01
7.02
10.57
11.90
6.94
10.63
12.73
7.36
11.11
13.00
6.84
10.47
12.28
6.75
10.55
12.28
6.98
10.88
12.92
7.42
11.33
13.12
6.85
10.69
12.41
6.82
10.29
12.12
7.05
10.71
12.47
7.01
10.88
12.69
Crude Oil (dollars per barrel)

West Texas Intermediate Spot Average ...........................
Brent Spot Average ..........................................................
Imported Average .............................................................
Refiner Average Acquisition Cost ....................................
Liquid Fuels (cents per gallon)
Refiner Prices for Resale
Gasoline ........................................................................
Diesel Fuel ....................................................................
Heating Oil ....................................................................
Refiner Prices to End Users
Jet Fuel .........................................................................
No. 6 Residual Fuel Oil (a) ............................................
Retail Prices Including Taxes
Gasoline Regular Grade (b) ..........................................
Gasoline All Grades (b) .................................................
On-highway Diesel Fuel ................................................
Heating Oil ....................................................................
Natural Gas
(a) Average for all sulfur contents.
(b) Average self-service cash price.
(c) Includes fuel oils No. 4, No. 5, No. 6, and topped crude.
Prices exclude taxes unless otherwise noted.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports: Petroleum Marketing Monthly , DOE/EIA-0380;
Weekly Petroleum Status Report , DOE/EIA-0208; Natural Gas Monthly , DOE/EIA-0130; Electric Power Monthly , DOE/EIA-0226; and Monthly Energy Review , DOE/EIA-0035.
WTI and Brent crude oils, and Henry Hub natural gas spot prices from Reuter's News Service (http://www.reuters.com).
Projections: EIA Regional Short-Term Energy Model.
Table 3a. International Petroleum and Other Liquids Production, Consumption, and Inventories
2013
2014
2015
Year
2014
2015
23.70
12.34
4.10
2.90
2.83
1.52
66.46
36.03
29.92
6.11
13.55
4.46
12.43
90.16
25.49
13.90
4.36
2.87
2.80
1.56
66.47
35.96
29.84
6.13
13.61
4.46
12.44
91.96
26.33
14.89
4.47
2.82
2.60
1.55
66.42
35.92
29.67
6.24
13.52
4.50
12.48
92.75
57.19
54.13
56.00
56.84
45.83
19.32
0.36
2.39
13.52
3.98
6.26
47.22
4.67
0.74
11.47
11.42
18.91
93.05
46.27
19.20
0.36
2.37
13.48
4.35
6.50
46.65
4.66
0.74
11.43
11.72
18.11
92.92
46.07
18.96
0.32
2.42
13.62
4.53
6.21
44.41
4.64
0.71
10.61
11.17
17.29
90.48
45.83
18.96
0.34
2.38
13.50
4.37
6.28
45.60
4.68
0.72
10.98
11.42
17.80
91.44
45.80
19.10
0.36
2.34
13.36
4.24
6.39
46.52
4.56
0.73
11.34
11.66
18.23
92.32
-0.40
-0.16
-0.29
-0.84
-0.14
-0.05
-0.10
-0.29
0.48
-0.16
-0.27
0.05
0.13
0.13
0.07
0.33
-0.08
-0.15
-0.29
-0.52
-0.02
-0.15
-0.26
-0.43
1,142
2,718
1,155
2,735
1,110
2,705
1,065
2,551
1,101
2,642
1,110
2,705
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Supply (million barrels per day) (a)

OECD .................................................
U.S. (50 States) ...............................
Canada ............................................
Mexico .............................................
North Sea (b) ...................................
Other OECD ....................................
Non-OECD .........................................
OPEC ..............................................
Crude Oil Portion ..........................
Other Liquids ................................
Eurasia ............................................
China ...............................................
Other Non-OECD ............................
Total World Supply .............................
23.09
11.68
4.12
2.93
2.88
1.49
65.90
35.97
29.85
6.12
13.52
4.45
11.96
88.99
23.27
12.11
3.86
2.89
2.87
1.54
66.87
36.47
30.38
6.09
13.45
4.49
12.45
90.14
23.89
12.63
4.11
2.88
2.72
1.56
66.80
36.21
30.12
6.09
13.50
4.38
12.72
90.70
24.51
12.94
4.31
2.90
2.85
1.50
66.27
35.46
29.34
6.12
13.73
4.52
12.57
90.78
24.93
13.05
4.37
2.91
3.05
1.54
66.02
35.94
29.79
6.15
13.64
4.46
11.98
90.95
25.40
13.85
4.32
2.89
2.80
1.55
66.32
35.70
29.54
6.16
13.57
4.49
12.56
91.72
25.67
14.20
4.36
2.86
2.69
1.57
66.89
36.15
30.04
6.12
13.59
4.42
12.73
92.57
25.93
14.47
4.39
2.83
2.69
1.56
66.65
36.05
29.98
6.08
13.62
4.49
12.48
92.58
26.17
14.65
4.42
2.86
2.70
1.55
65.92
35.90
29.72
6.19
13.54
4.48
12.00
92.09
26.19
14.92
4.30
2.84
2.59
1.55
66.50
35.90
29.67
6.22
13.51
4.51
12.59
92.69
26.29
14.94
4.45
2.81
2.52
1.57
67.05
36.19
29.93
6.26
13.53
4.51
12.82
93.34
26.68
15.05
4.69
2.78
2.61
1.55
66.19
35.68
29.38
6.29
13.49
4.52
12.51
92.87
Non-OPEC Supply ..............................
53.02
53.66
54.49
55.32
55.00
56.02
56.41
56.53
56.19
56.79
57.15
Consumption (million barrels per day) (c)

OECD .................................................
45.87
U.S. (50 States) ...............................
18.64
U.S. Territories ................................
0.32
Canada ............................................
2.45
Europe .............................................
13.18
Japan ...............................................
5.05
Other OECD ....................................
6.22
Non-OECD .........................................
43.52
Eurasia ............................................
4.56
Europe .............................................
0.70
China ...............................................
10.50
Other Asia ........................................
11.14
Other Non-OECD ............................
16.63
Total World Consumption ...................
89.39
45.55
18.72
0.32
2.40
13.80
4.08
6.23
44.45
4.49
0.71
10.56
11.36
17.33
90.00
46.35
19.21
0.32
2.43
13.96
4.28
6.14
44.87
4.76
0.73
10.51
10.94
17.93
91.21
46.50
19.26
0.32
2.42
13.52
4.72
6.26
44.80
4.74
0.72
10.87
11.23
17.24
91.30
45.72
18.81
0.34
2.42
12.99
5.02
6.14
44.54
4.63
0.71
10.58
11.39
17.24
90.26
44.77
18.71
0.34
2.35
13.38
3.87
6.11
45.88
4.56
0.71
11.16
11.62
17.83
90.66
46.15
19.16
0.34
2.41
13.88
4.08
6.29
46.26
4.77
0.73
11.11
11.18
18.46
92.41
46.68
19.15
0.34
2.35
13.74
4.54
6.56
45.71
4.75
0.73
11.07
11.48
17.68
92.40
46.14
18.89
0.36
2.34
13.35
4.69
6.50
45.29
4.48
0.71
10.92
11.64
17.54
91.42
44.96
18.98
0.36
2.28
13.08
3.95
6.32
46.89
4.41
0.72
11.52
11.87
18.36
91.85
Inventory Net Withdrawals (million barrels per day)

U.S. (50 States) ..................................
0.16
-0.28
Other OECD .......................................
-0.23
0.35
Other Stock Draws and Balance ........
0.46
-0.20
Total Stock Draw .............................
0.40
-0.13
-0.16
-0.27
0.94
0.52
0.78
0.67
-0.93
0.52
0.09
-0.26
-0.52
-0.68
-0.67
-0.03
-0.37
-1.06
-0.17
-0.09
0.10
-0.16
0.41
-0.22
-0.37
-0.19
-0.05
-0.23
-0.38
-0.67
End-of-period Inventories (million barrels)

U.S. Commercial Inventory ................
1,097
OECD Commercial Inventory .............
2,651
1,137
2,685
1,065
2,551
1,057
2,567
1,123
2,635
1,139
2,658
1,101
2,642
1,106
2,667
1,123
2,646
2013
OECD = Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
OPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Venezuela.
(a) Supply includes production of crude oil (including lease condensates), natural gas plant liquids, biofuels, other liquids, and refinery processing gains.
(b) Includes offshore supply from Denmark, Germany, the Netherlands, Norway, and the United Kingdom.
(c) Consumption of petroleum by the OECD countries is synonymous with "petroleum product supplied," defined in the glossary of the EIAPetroleum Supply Monthly, DOE/EIA-0109.
Consumption of petroleum by the non-OECD countries is "apparent consumption," which includes internal consumption, refinery fuel and loss, and bunkering.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration international energy statistics.
Table 3b. Non-OPEC Petroleum and Other Liquids Supply (million barrels per day)
2013
2014
2015
Year
2014
2015
19.35
21.13
22.18
4.10
4.36
4.47
2.78
2.90
2.87
2.82
14.94
15.05
12.34
13.90
14.89
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
North America .....................................................
18.73
18.87
19.62
20.15
20.34
21.05
21.41
21.69
21.93
22.05
22.20
22.52
Canada ..................................................................
4.12
3.86
4.11
4.31
4.37
4.32
4.36
4.39
4.42
4.30
4.45
4.69
Mexico ...................................................................
2.93
2.89
2.88
2.90
2.91
2.89
2.86
2.83
2.86
2.84
2.81
United States .........................................................
11.68
12.11
12.63
12.94
13.05
13.85
14.20
14.47
14.65
14.92
2013
Central and South America ...............................
4.42
4.94
5.25
5.03
4.54
5.15
5.39
5.06
4.59
5.20
5.43
5.10
4.91
5.04
5.08
Argentina ...............................................................
0.69
0.70
0.72
0.72
0.70
0.71
0.71
0.73
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.71
0.71
0.72
Brazil .....................................................................
2.21
2.74
3.01
2.81
2.34
2.97
3.17
2.83
2.36
3.00
3.19
2.85
2.69
2.83
2.85
Colombia ...............................................................
1.03
1.02
1.04
1.03
1.02
0.99
1.02
1.03
1.02
0.99
1.02
1.02
1.03
1.02
1.01
Other Central and S. America ................................
0.49
0.48
0.48
0.47
0.49
0.49
0.48
0.48
0.50
0.50
0.49
0.49
0.48
0.48
0.49
Europe .................................................................
3.84
3.83
3.70
3.83
4.03
3.79
3.67
3.66
3.66
3.54
3.47
3.56
3.80
3.79
3.56
Norway ..................................................................
1.82
1.82
1.80
1.82
1.94
1.78
1.86
1.77
1.82
1.79
1.77
1.85
1.81
1.84
1.81
United Kingdom (offshore) .....................................
0.85
0.86
0.74
0.86
0.93
0.85
0.64
0.71
0.68
0.63
0.58
0.59
0.83
0.78
0.62
Other North Sea ....................................................
0.21
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.19
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.19
0.19
0.18
Eurasia .................................................................
13.54
13.47
13.51
13.74
13.65
13.59
13.60
13.64
13.55
13.52
13.54
13.51
13.56
13.62
13.53
Azerbaijan .............................................................
0.90
0.89
0.86
0.87
0.85
0.86
0.85
0.83
0.82
0.80
0.78
0.77
0.88
0.85
0.79
Kazakhstan ...........................................................
1.67
1.61
1.61
1.74
1.73
1.66
1.71
1.71
1.72
1.71
1.71
1.71
1.66
1.70
1.71
Russia ...................................................................
10.47
10.47
10.55
10.64
10.60
10.57
10.53
10.55
10.50
10.49
10.53
10.51
10.53
10.56
10.51
Turkmenistan .........................................................
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.26
0.28
0.29
Other Eurasia ........................................................
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.20
0.21
0.23
0.25
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.23
Middle East .........................................................
1.26
1.19
1.21
1.18
1.19
1.19
1.19
1.18
1.20
1.19
1.20
1.19
1.21
1.19
1.19
Oman ....................................................................
0.93
0.93
0.95
0.94
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.95
0.96
0.96
0.96
0.97
0.94
0.96
0.96
Syria ......................................................................
0.10
0.08
0.07
0.05
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.07
0.03
0.03
Yemen ...................................................................
0.17
0.11
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
Asia and Oceania ...............................................
9.02
9.05
8.82
8.94
8.94
8.96
8.86
9.01
9.05
9.09
9.12
9.10
8.95
8.94
9.09
Australia ................................................................
0.41
0.46
0.48
0.43
0.45
0.46
0.48
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.50
0.47
0.45
0.46
0.48
China .....................................................................
4.45
4.49
4.38
4.52
4.46
4.49
4.42
4.49
4.48
4.51
4.51
4.52
4.46
4.46
4.50
India ......................................................................
0.98
0.98
0.97
0.98
0.98
0.98
0.96
0.98
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.99
0.98
0.97
0.99
Indonesia ...............................................................
0.97
0.97
0.92
0.91
0.92
0.91
0.92
0.92
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.94
0.92
0.94
Malaysia ................................................................
0.70
0.66
0.65
0.66
0.69
0.69
0.66
0.70
0.71
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.67
0.68
0.70
Vietnam .................................................................
0.36
0.36
0.34
0.35
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.32
0.34
Africa ...................................................................
2.21
2.32
2.39
2.45
2.31
2.30
2.29
2.29
2.21
2.20
2.19
2.21
2.34
2.29
2.20
Egypt .....................................................................
0.71
0.70
0.69
0.68
0.67
0.67
0.66
0.65
0.64
0.63
0.62
0.61
0.69
0.66
0.63
Equatorial Guinea ..................................................
0.28
0.28
0.30
0.31
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.29
0.27
0.24
Gabon ...................................................................
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
Sudan ....................................................................
0.11
0.24
0.30
0.35
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.25
Total non-OPEC liquids ......................................
53.02
53.66
54.49
55.32
55.00
56.02
56.41
56.53
56.19
56.79
57.15
57.19
54.13
56.00
56.84
OPEC non-crude liquids ...................................
6.12
6.09
6.09
6.12
6.15
6.16
6.12
6.08
6.19
6.22
6.26
6.29
6.11
6.13
6.24
Non-OPEC + OPEC non-crude ..........................
59.14
59.75
60.58
61.44
61.16
62.18
62.53
62.61
62.38
63.02
63.41
63.49
60.24
62.12
63.08
Unplanned non-OPEC Production Outages .......
0.91
0.90
0.88
0.64
0.66
0.67
0.60
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
0.83
n/a
n/a
Sudan production represents total production from both north and south.
OPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: Algeria, Angola, Ecuador, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Venezuela.
Supply includes production of crude oil (including lease condensates), natural gas plant liquids, biofuels, other liquids, and refinery processing gains.
Not all countries are shown in each region and sum of reported country volumes may not equal regional volumes.
Table 3c. OPEC Crude Oil (excluding condensates) Supply (million barrels per day)
2013
2014
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
Crude Oil
Algeria ...........................................................
Angola ...........................................................
Ecudaor .........................................................
Iran ................................................................
Iraq ................................................................
Kuwait ...........................................................
Libya ..............................................................
Nigeria ...........................................................
Qatar .............................................................
Saudi Arabia ..................................................
United Arab Emirates ....................................
Venezuela .....................................................
OPEC Total ................................................
1.20
1.75
0.51
2.68
3.05
2.60
1.37
1.97
0.73
9.10
2.70
2.20
29.85
1.20
1.78
0.52
2.68
3.09
2.60
1.33
1.94
0.73
9.60
2.70
2.20
30.38
1.20
1.70
0.53
2.68
3.04
2.60
0.65
1.98
0.73
10.10
2.70
2.20
30.12
1.17
1.73
0.54
2.69
2.93
2.60
0.33
1.91
0.73
9.80
2.70
2.20
29.34
1.15
1.63
0.55
2.80
3.26
2.60
0.38
1.98
0.74
9.80
2.70
2.20
29.79
1.15
1.63
0.56
2.80
3.29
2.60
0.23
1.98
0.75
9.65
2.70
2.20
29.54
Other Liquids ..................................................
6.12
6.09
6.09
6.12
6.15
Total OPEC Supply ........................................
35.97
36.47
36.21
35.46
Crude Oil Production Capacity

Africa .............................................................
South America ...............................................
Middle East ...................................................
OPEC Total ................................................
6.28
2.71
23.56
32.55
6.26
2.72
23.62
32.60
5.52
2.73
23.53
31.78
Surplus Crude Oil Production Capacity

Africa .............................................................
South America ...............................................
Middle East ...................................................
OPEC Total ................................................
0.00
0.00
2.69
2.69
0.00
0.00
2.21
2.21
Unplanned OPEC Production Outages ........
1.34
1.43
2015
3rd
Year
2014
2015
1.19
1.74
0.53
2.68
3.03
2.60
0.92
1.95
0.73
9.65
2.70
2.20
29.92
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29.84
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29.67
6.29
6.11
6.13
6.24
36.19
35.68
36.03
35.96
35.92
5.33
2.76
24.11
32.21
5.34
2.76
24.15
32.26
5.35
2.76
24.05
32.16
5.80
2.72
23.53
32.05
5.26
2.75
23.90
31.91
5.34
2.76
24.09
32.20
0.00
0.00
2.44
2.44
0.00
0.00
2.53
2.53
0.00
0.00
2.33
2.33
0.00
0.00
2.78
2.78
0.00
0.00
2.13
2.13
0.00
0.00
2.07
2.07
0.00
0.00
2.52
2.52
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
1.87
n/a
n/a
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
30.04
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29.98
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29.72
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29.67
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29.93
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
29.38
6.16
6.12
6.08
6.19
6.22
6.26
35.94
35.70
36.15
36.05
35.90
35.90
5.14
2.74
23.42
31.29
5.13
2.75
23.86
31.74
4.98
2.75
23.90
31.63
5.43
2.75
23.89
32.08
5.49
2.75
23.94
32.18
5.33
2.76
24.07
32.15
0.00
0.00
1.67
1.67
0.00
0.00
1.96
1.96
0.00
0.00
1.95
1.95
0.00
0.00
2.09
2.09
0.00
0.00
2.04
2.04
0.00
0.00
2.20
2.20
2.16
2.52
2.34
2.66
2.32
n/a
2013
OPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries: Algeria, Angola, Libya, and Nigeria (Africa); Ecuador and Venezuela (South America); Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab
Emirates (Middle East).
Table 3d. World Petrioleum and Other Liquids Consumption (million barrels per day)
2013
2014
2015
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
2013
2014
2015
North America ............................................................

Canada ........................................................................
Mexico .........................................................................
United States ...............................................................
23.15
2.45
2.05
18.64
23.22
2.40
2.08
18.72
23.68
2.43
2.03
19.21
23.70
2.42
2.02
19.26
23.19
2.42
1.95
18.81
23.05
2.35
1.97
18.71
23.66
2.41
2.08
19.16
23.64
2.35
2.13
19.15
23.29
2.34
2.05
18.89
23.34
2.28
2.07
18.98
23.76
2.39
2.04
19.32
23.63
2.37
2.05
19.20
23.44
2.42
2.04
18.96
23.39
2.38
2.04
18.96
23.51
2.34
2.05
19.10
Central and South America .....................................

Brazil ............................................................................
6.71
2.83
6.97
2.94
6.99
3.00
6.97
2.99
6.89
2.97
7.13
3.08
7.20
3.15
7.18
3.14
7.00
3.03
7.26
3.15
7.30
3.21
7.27
3.20
6.91
2.94
7.10
3.09
7.21
3.15
Europe .......................................................................
13.88
14.51
14.69
14.25
13.70
14.10
14.61
14.47
14.07
13.80
14.26
14.22
14.33
14.22
14.09
Eurasia ........................................................................
Russia .........................................................................
4.58
3.24
4.52
3.19
4.79
3.38
4.77
3.37
4.66
3.30
4.59
3.25
4.80
3.44
4.78
3.43
4.51
3.19
4.44
3.15
4.70
3.34
4.69
3.32
4.67
3.30
4.71
3.36
4.59
3.25
Middle East ...............................................................
7.38
7.83
8.44
7.73
7.70
8.04
8.73
7.95
7.88
8.46
9.03
8.19
7.85
8.11
8.39
Asia and Oceania .....................................................

China ...........................................................................
Japan ...........................................................................
India .............................................................................
30.24
10.50
5.05
3.78
29.52
10.56
4.08
3.77
29.24
10.51
4.28
3.45
30.47
10.87
4.72
3.73
30.58
10.58
5.02
3.89
30.20
11.16
3.87
3.87
29.91
11.11
4.08
3.55
30.84
11.07
4.54
3.84
31.01
10.92
4.69
3.99
30.89
11.52
3.95
3.97
30.38
11.47
3.98
3.64
31.27
11.43
4.35
3.94
29.87
10.61
4.53
3.68
30.38
10.98
4.37
3.78
30.89
11.34
4.24
3.88
Africa .........................................................................
3.44
3.44
3.39
3.41
3.55
3.55
3.50
3.52
3.67
3.67
3.62
3.64
3.42
3.53
3.65
Total OECD Liquid Fuels Consumption ..................

Total non-OECD Liquid Fuels Consumption ..........
45.87
43.52
45.55
44.45
46.35
44.87
46.50
44.80
45.72
44.54
44.77
45.88
46.15
46.26
46.68
45.71
46.14
45.29
44.96
46.89
45.83
47.22
46.27
46.65
46.07
44.41
45.83
45.60
45.80
46.52
Total World Liquid Fuels Consumption ..................
89.39
90.00
91.21
91.30
90.26
90.66
92.41
92.40
91.42
91.85
93.05
92.92
90.48
91.44
92.32
Oil-weighted Real Gross Domestic Product (a)

World Index, 2010 Q1 = 100 .......................................
Percent change from prior year ................................
OECD Index, 2010 Q1 = 100 ......................................
Non-OECD Index, 2010 Q1 = 100 ..............................
109.9
2.2
105.3
0.9
115.9
3.9
110.8
2.5
105.8
1.1
117.3
4.2
111.8
2.8
106.5
1.7
118.5
4.2
112.8
3.2
107.2
2.3
119.9
4.4
113.1
2.9
107.4
2.0
120.5
4.0
113.9
2.7
107.8
2.0
121.6
3.7
114.8
2.7
108.5
1.8
122.9
3.8
115.5
2.5
109.0
1.7
124.0
3.4
116.2
2.8
109.6
2.1
124.8
3.6
117.1
2.9
110.2
2.2
126.2
3.7
118.2
2.9
110.9
2.2
127.7
3.9
119.1
3.1
111.4
2.2
129.2
4.2
111.3
2.7
106.2
1.5
117.9
4.2
114.3
2.7
108.2
1.9
122.3
3.7
117.7
2.9
110.5
2.2
127.0
3.8
Real U.S. Dollar Exchange Rate (a)

Index, January 2010 = 100 .......................................... 104.08
Percent change from prior year ...................................
3.8
105.59
3.6
106.88
4.1
106.37
3.0
107.93
3.7
107.71
2.0
108.82
1.8
112.53
5.8
113.65
5.3
114.28
6.1
114.86
5.5
115.23
2.4
105.73
3.6
109.25
3.3
114.50
4.8
OECD = Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal,
Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States.
(a) Weighted geometric mean of real indices for various countries with weights equal to each country's share of world oil consumption in the base period. Exchange rate is measured in foreign currency per
U.S. dollar.
Table 4a. U.S. Petroleum and Other Liquids Supply, Consumption, and Inventories
2013
1st
Supply (million barrels per day)
Crude Oil Supply
Domestic Production (a) .........................................
Alaska ..................................................................
Federal Gulf of Mexico (b) ...................................
Lower 48 States (excl GOM) ................................
Crude Oil Net Imports (c) ........................................
SPR Net Withdrawals .............................................
Commercial Inventory Net Withdrawals .................
Crude Oil Adjustment (d) ........................................
Total Crude Oil Input to Refineries .............................
Other Supply
Refinery Processing Gain .......................................
Natural Gas Plant Liquids Production ....................
Renewables and Oxygenate Production (e) ...........
Fuel Ethanol Production ......................................
Petroleum Products Adjustment (f) ........................
Product Net Imports (c) ...........................................
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids ....................................
Unfinished Oils ....................................................
Other HC/Oxygenates ..........................................
Motor Gasoline Blend Comp. ..............................
Finished Motor Gasoline ......................................
Jet Fuel ................................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil .................................................
Residual Fuel Oil .................................................
Other Oils (g) .......................................................
Product Inventory Net Withdrawals ........................
Total Supply ...............................................................
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
7.11
0.54
1.30
5.27
7.48
-0.01
-0.31
0.24
14.51
7.29
0.51
1.22
5.56
7.61
0.00
0.17
0.26
15.33
7.56
0.48
1.25
5.84
7.93
0.00
0.05
0.28
15.83
7.79
0.53
1.25
6.01
7.36
0.00
0.17
0.24
15.56
8.06
0.53
1.32
6.21
7.11
0.00
-0.30
0.31
15.18
8.54
0.52
1.42
6.61
6.94
0.05
0.00
0.35
15.88
8.74
0.43
1.42
6.88
7.15
0.00
0.25
0.21
16.35
9.04
0.49
1.45
7.10
6.62
0.00
-0.07
0.03
15.62
9.27
0.48
1.54
7.25
5.99
0.00
-0.31
0.18
15.13
9.37
0.45
1.58
7.35
6.21
0.00
0.02
0.19
15.80
9.26
0.40
1.49
7.37
6.47
0.00
0.14
0.21
16.09
9.36
0.47
1.57
7.33
5.94
0.00
0.12
0.08
15.49
7.44
0.51
1.25
5.67
7.60
0.00
0.02
0.25
15.31
8.60
0.49
1.40
6.70
6.95
0.01
-0.03
0.22
15.76
9.32
0.45
1.55
7.32
6.15
0.00
0.00
0.17
15.63
1.01
2.45
0.92
0.81
0.19
-0.91
-0.14
0.52
-0.06
0.41
-0.37
-0.07
-0.63
-0.09
-0.47
0.48
18.64
1.07
2.54
1.00
0.87
0.20
-0.97
-0.25
0.60
-0.06
0.63
-0.22
-0.04
-0.91
-0.22
-0.51
-0.46
18.72
1.13
2.71
1.01
0.86
0.22
-1.47
-0.36
0.64
-0.04
0.46
-0.29
-0.07
-1.22
-0.08
-0.53
-0.21
19.21
1.13
2.72
1.08
0.93
0.22
-2.06
-0.40
0.42
-0.05
0.36
-0.43
-0.11
-1.16
-0.15
-0.55
0.61
19.26
1.07
2.71
1.01
0.91
0.20
-1.73
-0.37
0.46
-0.09
0.29
-0.41
-0.07
-0.67
-0.24
-0.64
0.39
18.84
1.08
2.95
1.06
0.94
0.22
-1.76
-0.58
0.49
-0.09
0.58
-0.36
-0.02
-1.01
-0.18
-0.58
-0.72
18.71
1.09
3.09
1.06
0.93
0.22
-2.17
-0.66
0.32
-0.08
0.45
-0.34
-0.09
-1.08
-0.18
-0.51
-0.38
19.11
1.09
3.09
1.05
0.94
0.19
-2.44
-0.72
0.47
-0.10
0.33
-0.36
-0.11
-1.18
-0.20
-0.58
0.25
19.08
1.07
3.05
1.06
0.95
0.20
-1.87
-0.76
0.46
-0.10
0.42
-0.38
-0.08
-0.67
-0.25
-0.51
0.26
18.89
1.08
3.19
1.06
0.94
0.20
-1.94
-0.88
0.61
-0.10
0.53
-0.25
-0.03
-0.96
-0.27
-0.58
-0.42
18.98
1.12
3.29
1.06
0.95
0.20
-2.17
-0.92
0.64
-0.11
0.45
-0.27
-0.05
-1.08
-0.25
-0.59
-0.28
19.32
1.09
3.33
1.06
0.95
0.20
-2.35
-0.93
0.53
-0.10
0.40
-0.40
-0.07
-1.02
-0.21
-0.55
0.37
19.20
1.09
2.61
1.00
0.87
0.21
-1.36
-0.29
0.55
-0.05
0.46
-0.33
-0.07
-0.98
-0.14
-0.51
0.11
18.96
1.08
2.96
1.05
0.93
0.21
-2.03
-0.58
0.44
-0.09
0.41
-0.37
-0.07
-0.99
-0.20
-0.58
-0.12
18.94
1.09
3.22
1.06
0.95
0.20
-2.08
-0.87
0.56
-0.10
0.45
-0.32
-0.06
-0.93
-0.25
-0.56
-0.02
19.10
2.70
-0.03
8.46
0.81
1.35
3.94
0.36
1.87
18.64
2.22
-0.03
8.99
0.89
1.45
3.76
0.27
2.07
18.72
2.30
0.03
9.07
0.87
1.50
3.68
0.38
2.25
19.21
2.77
0.06
8.84
0.88
1.44
3.94
0.27
1.94
19.26
2.66
0.08
8.52
0.84
1.40
4.17
0.23
1.75
18.81
2.06
0.02
9.01
0.89
1.47
3.93
0.26
1.96
18.71
2.26
-0.06
9.10
0.89
1.51
3.86
0.24
2.25
19.16
2.67
0.07
8.90
0.89
1.48
3.83
0.24
1.96
19.15
2.68
0.00
8.56
0.86
1.39
4.15
0.21
1.89
18.89
2.20
0.03
9.04
0.89
1.49
3.96
0.21
2.05
18.98
2.34
0.03
9.07
0.88
1.53
3.94
0.20
2.21
19.32
2.69
0.04
8.78
0.87
1.44
4.07
0.21
1.96
19.20
2.50
0.01
8.84
0.86
1.43
3.83
0.32
2.03
18.96
2.41
0.03
8.89
0.88
1.46
3.95
0.24
1.98
18.96
2.48
0.03
8.86
0.88
1.46
4.03
0.21
2.03
19.10
....
6.56
6.64
6.46
5.30
5.38
5.18
4.98
4.18
4.11
4.27
4.30
3.59
6.24
4.93
4.07

Commercial Inventory
Crude Oil (excluding SPR) ......................................
Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids .......................................
Unfinished Oils .......................................................
Other HC/Oxygenates .............................................
Total Motor Gasoline ..............................................
Motor Gasoline Blend Comp. ..............................
Jet Fuel ...................................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil ....................................................
Residual Fuel Oil ....................................................
Other Oils (g) ..........................................................
Total Commercial Inventory .......................................
Crude Oil in SPR .......................................................
393.1
116.4
89.9
21.6
224.7
47.3
177.3
39.9
118.7
37.0
55.8
1,097
696
377.4
160.4
86.8
19.9
224.4
48.6
175.7
40.4
122.5
37.6
53.6
1,123
696
373.0
190.8
81.6
20.0
219.8
39.8
180.0
41.1
129.3
35.6
46.1
1,137
696
357.1
128.4
78.0
21.6
228.0
39.0
189.1
37.2
127.5
38.1
49.4
1,065
696
383.7
98.1
91.3
22.6
220.9
34.3
186.6
36.0
115.3
36.4
52.8
1,057
696
383.9
164.1
87.3
23.0
218.8
28.9
190.0
36.3
121.7
36.7
50.9
1,123
691
360.9
209.8
84.5
22.4
212.5
28.8
183.7
39.6
131.3
36.6
45.6
1,139
691
367.1
165.7
81.5
21.5
223.1
31.8
191.3
35.7
122.2
36.6
47.7
1,101
691
395.2
129.9
90.8
24.0
224.7
28.9
195.7
35.8
112.6
37.3
55.5
1,106
691
393.0
173.4
88.1
22.6
218.0
29.5
188.5
37.6
118.6
36.7
53.9
1,142
691
379.8
202.1
85.9
21.9
216.3
28.7
187.6
40.1
127.0
35.2
46.3
1,155
691
368.9
158.1
80.5
22.3
230.3
31.1
199.3
37.4
129.1
35.7
47.6
1,110
691
357.1
128.4
78.0
21.6
228.0
39.0
189.1
37.2
127.5
38.1
49.4
1,065
696
367.1
165.7
81.5
21.5
223.1
31.8
191.3
35.7
122.2
36.6
47.7
1,101
691
368.9
158.1
80.5
22.3
230.3
31.1
199.3
37.4
129.1
35.7
47.6
1,110
691
Consumption (million barrels per day)

Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids .......................................
Unfinished Oils .......................................................
Motor Gasoline .......................................................
Fuel Ethanol blended into Motor Gasoline ..........
Jet Fuel ...................................................................
Distillate Fuel Oil ....................................................
Residual Fuel Oil ....................................................
Other Oils (g) ..........................................................
Total Consumption ....................................................
Total Petroleum and Other Liquids Net Imports
(a) Includes lease condensate.
(b) Crude oil production from U.S. Federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM).
(c) Net imports equals gross imports minus gross exports.
(d) Crude oil adjustment balances supply and consumption and was previously referred to as "Unaccounted for Crude Oil."
(e) Renewables and oxygenate production includes pentanes plus, oxygenates (excluding fuel ethanol), and renewable fuels.
(f) Petroleum products adjustment includes hydrogen/oxygenates/renewables/other hydrocarbons, motor gasoline blend components, and finished motor gasoline.
(g) "Other Oils" inludes aviation gasoline blend components, finished aviation gasoline, kerosene, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt and road oil, still
gas, and miscellaneous products.
SPR: Strategic Petroleum Reserve
HC: Hydrocarbons
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports:
Petroleum Supply Annual , DOE/EIA-0340/2; and Weekly Petroleum Status Report , DOE/EIA-0208.
Petroleum Supply Monthly , DOE/EIA-0109;
Table 4b. U.S. Hydrocarbon Gas Liquids (HGL) and Petroleum Refinery Balances (million barrels per day, except inventories and utilization factor)
2013
1st
HGL Production
Natural Gas Processing Plants
Ethane .............................................................
0.94
Propane ...........................................................
0.76
Butanes ...........................................................
0.43
Natural Gasoline (Pentanes Plus) ...................
0.31
Refinery and Blender Net Production
Ethane/Ethylene ..............................................
0.01
Propane/Propylene .........................................
0.55
Butanes/Butylenes ..........................................
-0.04
Renewable Fuels and Oxygenate Plant Net Production
-0.02
Natural Gasoline (Pentanes Plus) ...................
HGL Net Imports
Ethane ................................................................
Propane/Propylene ............................................
Butanes/Butylenes .............................................
Natural Gasoline (Pentanes Plus) ......................
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
0.92
0.81
0.46
0.35
0.99
0.85
0.49
0.38
1.04
0.86
0.48
0.35
1.03
0.87
0.48
0.33
1.09
0.95
0.52
0.39
1.09
1.02
0.56
0.42
1.15
0.99
0.56
0.38
1.16
0.98
0.54
0.37
1.17
1.04
0.57
0.41
1.20
1.09
0.59
0.42
1.26
1.08
0.59
0.40
0.97
0.82
0.47
0.35
1.09
0.96
0.53
0.38
1.20
1.05
0.57
0.40
0.01
0.57
0.27
0.01
0.58
0.19
0.01
0.57
-0.21
0.01
0.57
-0.04
0.01
0.60
0.27
0.01
0.59
0.21
0.01
0.57
-0.17
0.01
0.56
-0.04
0.01
0.58
0.25
0.01
0.58
0.17
0.01
0.57
-0.16
0.01
0.56
0.05
0.01
0.58
0.07
0.01
0.57
0.05
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
-0.02
0.00
-0.05
-0.01
-0.09
0.00
-0.19
-0.01
-0.05
0.00
-0.21
-0.02
-0.13
0.00
-0.25
0.00
-0.15
-0.01
-0.17
-0.03
-0.15
-0.02
-0.34
-0.06
-0.16
-0.05
-0.36
-0.09
-0.16
-0.06
-0.38
-0.10
-0.17
-0.07
-0.41
-0.11
-0.17
-0.10
-0.48
-0.15
-0.16
-0.11
-0.47
-0.17
-0.17
-0.11
-0.49
-0.16
-0.17
0.00
-0.18
-0.01
-0.10
-0.04
-0.31
-0.07
-0.16
-0.10
-0.46
-0.14
-0.17
HGL Refinery and Blender Net Inputs

0.34
0.18
0.26
0.15
0.30
0.17
0.43
0.16
0.37
0.14
0.28
0.15
0.30
0.16
0.41
0.17
0.34
0.17
0.27
0.18
0.28
0.18
0.41
0.18
0.33
0.17
0.34
0.16
0.32
0.18
HGL Consumption
Ethane/Ethylene .................................................
0.96
1.56
0.15
0.03
0.92
1.03
0.18
0.08
1.00
1.08
0.17
0.05
1.09
1.43
0.19
0.06
1.01
1.46
0.16
0.03
0.97
0.89
0.17
0.03
1.08
0.97
0.16
0.05
1.11
1.35
0.17
0.04
1.08
1.41
0.16
0.03
1.05
0.94
0.18
0.03
1.12
1.03
0.15
0.05
1.16
1.32
0.16
0.05
0.99
1.28
0.17
0.06
1.04
1.17
0.17
0.04
1.10
1.17
0.16
0.04
HGL Inventories (million barrels)

Ethane/Ethylene .................................................
34.26
40.68
27.94
13.05
35.18
55.31
52.84
17.23
34.46
68.10
69.60
18.36
32.79
45.08
38.06
14.47
29.90
28.32
25.95
13.04
37.06
57.12
52.24
14.82
38.70
82.37
72.22
17.92
36.56
67.60
46.29
16.01
35.84
41.83
36.31
15.27
38.55
60.60
56.76
16.92
37.79
75.99
71.18
17.45
37.27
60.99
44.56
15.69
34.17
45.08
38.06
14.47
35.58
67.60
46.29
16.01
37.37
60.99
44.56
15.69
Refinery and Blender Net Inputs

Crude OIl ..............................................................
Other Hydrocarbons/Oxygenates ........................
Unfinished Oils .....................................................
Motor Gasoline Blend Components .....................
Aviation Gasoline Blend Components .................
Total Refinery and Blender Net Inputs ....................
14.51
0.51
1.04
0.47
0.52
0.00
17.05
15.33
0.41
1.12
0.66
0.72
0.00
18.24
15.83
0.48
1.15
0.67
0.46
0.00
18.58
15.56
0.58
1.15
0.40
0.50
0.00
18.19
15.18
0.52
1.08
0.24
0.71
0.00
17.73
15.88
0.43
1.16
0.51
1.06
0.00
19.04
16.35
0.46
1.16
0.41
0.83
0.00
19.21
15.62
0.58
1.11
0.44
0.42
0.00
18.16
15.13
0.51
1.10
0.35
0.56
0.00
17.64
15.80
0.45
1.14
0.61
0.79
0.00
18.77
16.09
0.46
1.12
0.63
0.63
0.00
18.93
15.49
0.59
1.12
0.55
0.45
0.00
18.20
15.31
0.50
1.12
0.55
0.55
0.00
18.02
15.76
0.50
1.13
0.40
0.75
0.00
18.54
15.63
0.50
1.12
0.53
0.60
0.00
18.39
Refinery Processing Gain ..................................
1.01
1.07
1.13
1.13
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.09
1.07
1.08
1.12
1.09
1.09
1.08
1.09
Refinery and Blender Net Production

Jet Fuel .................................................................
Distillate Fuel ........................................................
Residual Fuel .......................................................
Other Oils (a) ........................................................
Total Refinery and Blender Net Production ............
0.51
8.87
1.43
4.35
0.49
2.42
18.06
0.84
9.27
1.50
4.66
0.49
2.55
19.31
0.77
9.30
1.57
4.92
0.44
2.70
19.71
0.37
9.49
1.50
4.99
0.45
2.53
19.32
0.54
9.26
1.45
4.66
0.46
2.43
18.80
0.87
9.82
1.49
4.96
0.44
2.52
20.11
0.81
9.74
1.64
4.99
0.42
2.71
20.30
0.42
9.45
1.54
4.86
0.44
2.55
19.26
0.53
9.08
1.48
4.66
0.47
2.49
18.71
0.84
9.47
1.54
4.94
0.47
2.61
19.86
0.75
9.49
1.60
5.07
0.43
2.71
20.05
0.42
9.37
1.48
5.06
0.43
2.53
19.29
0.62
9.23
1.50
4.73
0.47
2.55
19.11
0.66
9.57
1.53
4.87
0.44
2.55
19.62
0.63
9.35
1.53
4.93
0.45
2.58
19.48
Refinery Distillation Inputs ................................

Refinery Operable Distillation Capacity ...........
Refinery Distillation Utilization Factor ..............
14.80
17.82
0.83
15.77
17.81
0.89
16.31
17.82
0.92
15.99
17.82
0.90
15.51
17.93
0.87
16.17
17.89
0.90
16.64
17.81
0.93
16.00
17.81
0.90
15.45
17.81
0.87
16.11
17.81
0.90
16.44
17.81
0.92
15.87
17.81
0.89
15.72
17.82
0.88
16.08
17.86
0.90
15.97
17.81
0.90
(a) "Other Oils" includes aviation gasoline blend components, finished aviation gasoline, kerosene, petrochemical feedstocks, special naphthas, lubricants, waxes, petroleum coke, asphalt and road oil, still
gas, and miscellaneous products.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports:Petroleum Supply Monthly , DOE/EIA-0109;
Petroleum Supply Annual , DOE/EIA-0340/2; Weekly Petroleum Status Report , DOE/EIA-0208.
Table 4c. U.S. Regional Motor Gasoline Prices and Inventories

2013
1st
2nd
Prices (cents per gallon)

Refiner Wholesale Price ......................
289
290
Gasoline Regular Grade Retail Prices Including Taxes
PADD 1 ..............................................
362
350
PADD 2 ..............................................
350
368
PADD 3 ..............................................
338
336
PADD 4 ..............................................
323
361
PADD 5 ..............................................
382
390
U.S. Average ...................................
357
360
Gasoline All Grades Including Taxes
363
367
Total Gasoline Inventories
PADD 1 ..............................................
59.5
PADD 2 ..............................................
53.8
PADD 3 ..............................................
75.6
PADD 4 ..............................................
6.8
PADD 5 ..............................................
29.1
U.S. Total ........................................
224.7
Finished Gasoline Inventories
U.S. Total ........................................
47.3
Gasoline Blending Components Inventories
U.S. Total ........................................
177.3
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
288
259
272
298
276
212
182
192
199
186
281
264
190
355
352
337
362
385
357
364
334
319
308
325
355
329
337
344
337
318
326
362
340
348
365
365
345
350
401
368
375
348
343
329
363
386
350
358
292
283
268
301
317
290
298
255
247
235
241
281
253
261
255
259
243
256
292
261
269
262
266
246
265
298
267
275
258
250
235
254
287
257
265
350
347
329
343
378
351
358
338
332
315
336
367
337
345
258
256
240
254
289
260
268
62.0
49.3
77.5
6.5
29.1
224.4
58.1
49.8
77.3
6.3
28.2
219.8
61.1
51.5
76.3
7.1
32.1
228.0
57.7
49.0
77.7
6.5
30.0
220.9
63.1
49.7
72.8
6.1
27.1
218.8
55.6
47.2
74.9
7.4
27.3
212.5
57.1
47.2
80.5
7.6
30.7
223.1
60.0
49.8
78.1
6.7
29.9
224.7
59.5
48.3
75.6
6.5
28.1
218.0
55.3
49.1
76.7
6.8
28.3
216.3
60.0
49.3
81.6
7.7
31.7
230.3
61.1
51.5
76.3
7.1
32.1
228.0
57.1
47.2
80.5
7.6
30.7
223.1
60.0
49.3
81.6
7.7
31.7
230.3
48.6
39.8
39.0
34.3
28.9
28.8
31.8
28.9
29.5
28.7
31.1
39.0
31.8
31.1
175.7
180.0
189.1
186.6
190.0
183.7
191.3
195.7
188.5
187.6
199.3
189.1
191.3
199.3
Regions refer to Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts (PADD).
See Petroleum for Administration Defense District in EIAs Energy Glossary (http://www.eia.doe.gov/glossary/index.html) for a list of States in each region.
Historical data : Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports: Petroleum Marketing Monthly , DOE/EIA-0380;
Petroleum Supply Monthly , DOE/EIA-0109; Petroleum Supply Annual , DOE/EIA-0340/2; and Weekly Petroleum Status Report , DOE/EIA-0208.
Table 5a. U.S. Natural Gas Supply, Consumption, and Inventories

2013
Supply (billion cubic feet per day)
Total Marketed Production ............
2014
2015
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
69.23
69.75
71.19
71.33
71.73
73.56
75.54
76.15
76.41
76.41
76.54
76.97
70.39
74.26
76.58
Alaska ......................................
1.05
0.91
0.79
0.96
0.99
0.93
0.85
0.99
1.01
0.85
0.76
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.88
Federal GOM (a) ......................

Lower 48 States (excl GOM) .....
3.87
64.32
3.63
65.21
3.46
66.94
3.40
66.98
3.29
67.45
3.42
69.22
3.38
71.31
3.06
72.11
3.11
72.29
3.10
72.46
2.91
72.87
2.82
73.23
3.59
65.87
3.28
70.04
2.98
72.72
Total Dry Gas Production .............
65.58
66.07
67.43
67.57
67.83
69.33
71.12
71.70
71.94
71.94
72.07
72.47
66.67
70.01
72.11
LNG Gross Imports .....................

LNG Gross Exports .....................
0.37
0.00
0.21
0.00
0.37
0.00
0.12
0.03
0.17
0.03
0.17
0.02
0.15
0.09
0.19
0.00
0.17
0.00
0.17
0.00
0.18
0.43
0.17
0.59
0.27
0.01
0.17
0.04
0.17
0.26
Pipeline Gross Imports ................

Pipeline Gross Exports ................
8.11
4.84
7.39
4.41
7.42
4.14
7.62
3.81
8.44
4.67
6.52
3.89
6.47
3.85
7.23
4.30
7.48
4.49
6.47
4.67
6.78
4.57
7.01
4.87
7.63
4.30
7.16
4.17
6.94
4.65
Supplemental Gaseous Fuels ......
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.17
0.16
0.13
0.18
0.19
0.16
0.17
0.19
0.15
0.16
0.18
Net Inventory Withdrawals ...........

Total Supply ...................................
18.70
88.06
-10.17
59.24
-9.79
61.44
7.31
78.93
22.75
94.66
-12.71
59.57
-12.98
60.96
3.51
78.50
15.96
91.26
-11.39
62.68
-10.02
64.18
2.78
77.16
1.45
71.86
0.06
73.34
-0.73
73.75
Balancing Item (b) ..........................

Total Primary Supply ......................
0.41
88.47
0.71
59.95
-0.41
61.03
-1.77
77.16
0.84
95.50
1.64
61.20
0.93
61.89
-1.27
77.23
-0.59
90.66
-0.05
62.64
-0.43
63.74
-0.37
76.78
-0.27
71.59
0.53
73.87
-0.36
73.39
12.86
Consumption (billion cubic feet per day)

Residential ..................................
25.47
7.58
3.68
17.32
28.78
7.37
3.70
16.71
24.97
7.30
3.55
15.82
13.46
14.08
Commercial .................................
14.38
6.06
4.48
11.09
16.39
6.14
4.54
10.80
14.52
5.97
4.59
10.32
8.98
9.44
8.83
Industrial .....................................
Electric Power (c) .........................
21.66
19.94
19.28
20.97
18.94
27.76
21.39
20.61
22.98
19.70
20.03
21.04
19.66
27.21
22.24
20.58
23.80
20.03
20.92
21.82
20.61
28.37
23.02
20.70
20.31
22.34
21.22
22.15
22.08
22.75
Lease and Plant Fuel ...................
3.98
4.00
4.09
4.10
4.41
4.52
4.64
4.68
4.70
4.70
4.71
4.73
4.04
4.56
4.71
Pipeline and Distribution Use .......

Vehicle Use .................................
2.95
0.09
1.95
0.09
1.99
0.09
2.55
0.09
3.15
0.09
2.02
0.09
2.04
0.09
2.13
0.09
2.55
0.09
1.84
0.09
1.82
0.09
2.09
0.09
2.36
0.09
2.33
0.09
2.07
0.09
Total Consumption .........................
88.47
59.95
61.03
77.16
95.50
61.20
61.89
77.23
90.66
62.64
63.74
76.78
71.59
73.87
73.39
2,643
3,565
2,890
857
2,005
3,190
2,868
1,431
2,468
3,390
3,134
2,890
2,868
3,134
973
1,208
461
1,174
1,833
558
1,022
1,445
423
358
315
184
691
952
362
954
1,754
483
974
1,482
411
628
538
265
926
1,111
430
1,094
1,767
528
1,093
1,550
491
1,022
1,445
423
974
1,482
411
1,093
1,550
491
End-of-period Inventories (billion cubic feet)

Working Gas Inventory ................
1,720
Producing Region (d) ...............
East Consuming Region (d) .....
West Consuming Region (d) ....
703
659
357
(a) Marketed production from U.S. Federal leases in the Gulf of Mexico.
(b) The balancing item represents the difference between the sum of the components of natural gas supply and the sum of components of natural gas demand.
(c) Natural gas used for electricity generation and (a limited amount of) useful thermal output by electric utilities and independent power producers.
(d) For a list of States in each inventory region refer toMethodology for EIA Weekly Underground Natural Gas Storage Estimates
LNG: liquefied natural gas.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports:Natural Gas Monthly , DOE/EIA-0130; and Electric Power
Monthly , DOE/EIA-0226.
Table 5b. U.S. Regional Natural Gas Prices (dollars per thousand cubic feet
2013
1st
Wholesale/Spot
Henry Hub Spot Price ........
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
3.59
4.13
3.66
3.97
5.36
4.75
4.08
4.12
4.07
3.74
3.88
4.09
3.84
4.58
3.94
13.16
10.92
14.10
13.23
17.03
17.63
13.51
11.29
13.92
10.68
16.55
13.36
17.86
17.25
14.37
12.08
13.68
11.21
14.78
13.76
17.48
18.13
14.20
12.71
13.71
11.81
14.72
11.85
14.30
12.45
Residential
New England .....................
Middle Atlantic ...................
E. N. Central ......................
7.77
10.82
15.86
8.16
8.67
12.96
16.85
8.90
8.40
11.58
16.95
9.45
8.74
9.69
9.62
W. N. Central .....................
S. Atlantic ..........................
8.13
11.01
10.48
15.22
17.62
21.99
9.04
12.56
9.10
11.34
11.73
16.38
18.17
22.98
9.65
13.05
8.53
11.61
11.22
16.57
17.41
22.55
9.81
13.36
9.26
12.74
10.03
13.09
9.77
13.42
E. S. Central ......................
W. S. Central .....................
9.27
8.37
12.58
12.15
18.47
19.84
10.60
10.36
9.63
8.53
14.08
14.22
19.71
20.25
11.40
10.75
9.82
8.68
13.73
13.55
18.54
18.84
11.59
11.37
10.60
10.42
11.08
10.64
11.21
10.79
Mountain ...........................
8.02
9.82
13.78
8.76
9.07
11.22
15.15
9.91
8.95
10.00
13.56
9.12
8.93
10.16
9.51
Pacific ................................
U.S. Average ..................
9.53
9.24
10.91
11.90
11.33
16.13
10.24
9.90
10.97
9.83
11.66
13.18
12.41
16.93
10.62
10.62
10.11
9.78
10.59
12.44
11.40
16.37
10.41
10.90
10.19
10.30
11.16
10.97
10.45
10.96
Commercial
New England .....................
10.88
10.77
10.14
10.33
11.42
12.66
11.66
11.25
11.60
11.03
10.93
11.09
10.62
11.59
11.30
8.79
8.62
8.06
8.23
9.30
9.06
7.92
9.23
9.84
9.25
8.85
9.72
8.52
9.08
9.58
E. N. Central ......................
W. N. Central .....................
6.75
7.01
7.94
7.81
8.60
9.31
6.78
7.35
8.02
8.35
9.96
9.10
10.18
10.19
7.87
8.29
8.08
8.07
9.09
7.98
9.67
8.95
8.18
7.99
7.06
7.41
8.37
8.56
8.37
8.10
S. Atlantic ..........................
8.80
10.00
10.47
9.32
9.23
10.56
10.91
9.93
10.06
10.40
10.91
10.14
9.37
9.83
10.24
E. S. Central ......................
W. S. Central .....................
8.26
6.86
9.55
8.08
10.36
8.74
9.05
7.54
8.90
7.49
10.71
9.24
11.13
9.26
9.60
8.21
9.53
7.81
10.18
8.11
10.55
8.66
9.78
8.22
8.93
7.55
9.57
8.22
9.81
8.09
Mountain ...........................
6.96
7.59
8.62
7.52
7.81
8.74
9.90
8.58
8.24
7.92
9.21
8.40
7.41
8.44
8.33
Pacific ................................
U.S. Average ..................
Industrial
8.15
7.77
8.75
8.53
9.03
8.96
8.63
7.96
9.29
8.66
9.26
9.61
9.56
9.67
9.05
8.82
8.83
8.92
8.34
8.97
9.17
9.46
9.17
8.96
8.55
8.08
9.25
8.95
8.89
9.00
New England .....................

E. N. Central ......................
W. N. Central .....................
8.77
8.05
6.26
5.21
8.69
8.00
6.68
5.43
7.79
8.08
6.19
4.91
8.78
8.19
6.04
5.38
10.15
9.28
8.03
7.34
9.58
8.83
8.87
6.28
7.90
8.04
7.89
5.91
9.34
8.48
6.95
5.93
9.64
8.85
7.17
5.73
8.77
8.00
6.57
4.77
8.60
8.27
6.61
5.02
9.71
8.91
6.86
5.77
8.60
8.08
6.25
5.24
9.45
8.87
7.84
6.44
9.30
8.65
6.92
5.37
S. Atlantic ..........................
E. S. Central ......................
W. S. Central .....................
Mountain ...........................
5.49
5.14
3.59
5.61
5.85
5.45
4.37
5.88
5.37
5.03
3.82
6.06
5.60
5.35
3.91
5.95
6.91
6.37
5.15
6.55
6.42
6.14
4.91
6.68
5.90
5.30
4.52
6.95
6.21
5.77
4.25
6.72
6.24
5.87
4.21
6.32
5.71
5.40
3.90
5.94
5.82
5.56
4.08
6.40
6.15
5.76
4.20
6.57
5.58
5.24
3.92
5.84
6.39
5.92
4.70
6.71
6.00
5.66
4.10
6.33
Pacific ................................
U.S. Average ..................
6.67
4.57
6.97
4.95
6.81
4.38
6.82
4.68
7.84
6.17
7.63
5.60
7.70
5.06
7.17
5.11
6.84
5.22
6.29
4.55
6.80
4.66
7.16
5.06
6.81
4.64
7.58
5.50
6.80
4.89
Regions refer to U.S. Census divisions.
See "Census division" in EIAs Energy Glossary (http://www.eia.doe.gov/glossary/index.html) for a list of States in each region.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the Natural Gas Monthly , DOE/EIA-0130.
Natural gas Henry Hub spot price from Reuter's News Service (http://www.reuters.com).
Table 6. U.S. Coal Supply, Consumption, and Inventories

2013
2014
2015
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Supply (million short tons)

Production ...........................................
245.1
243.1
256.7
239.1
245.2
245.8
251.7
253.2
254.1
236.8
254.6
249.8
984.0
996.0
995.3
Appalachia .......................................
70.4
71.3
66.2
63.8
67.5
69.7
68.6
67.8
73.6
69.7
66.1
66.3
271.6
273.5
275.7
Interior ..............................................
Western ...........................................
45.5
129.2
45.0
126.8
48.1
142.4
44.0
131.3
46.3
131.4
44.8
131.4
49.0
134.2
48.1
137.4
46.4
134.1
45.1
122.0
47.7
140.8
46.9
136.6
182.7
529.7
188.1
534.4
186.1
533.5
Primary Inventory Withdrawals .............
5.5
-1.1
1.6
-2.6
1.0
-0.1
0.6
-2.3
0.5
-0.1
0.6
-2.3
3.5
-0.8
-1.3
Imports ................................................
Exports ................................................
1.4
31.8
2.8
29.4
2.4
28.6
2.3
27.8
2.4
27.7
3.5
24.6
3.2
22.7
3.0
21.2
2.2
19.0
2.4
22.5
3.3
20.0
2.9
21.2
8.9
117.7
12.2
96.2
10.8
82.7
Metallurgical Coal .............................

Steam Coal ......................................
18.2
13.7
16.1
13.3
15.9
12.7
15.4
12.4
16.9
10.9
15.8
8.8
14.7
7.3
13.7
7.5
12.4
6.6
12.5
10.0
10.4
9.6
11.3
9.8
65.7
52.0
61.1
34.5
46.6
36.1
Total Primary Supply ..............................
220.1
215.4
232.1
211.1
220.9
224.7
232.9
232.6
237.7
216.7
238.5
229.2
878.7
911.2
922.1
14.5
0.7
17.9
4.8
31.1
-15.2
8.1
-5.5
-1.1
-9.0
13.1
-5.9
37.9
18.5
-2.8
2.9
237.5
2.6
218.6
2.5
252.5
2.3
218.2
3.2
255.2
2.8
212.3
3.2
244.1
3.0
230.1
2.8
239.4
2.5
210.1
3.2
254.8
3.0
226.3
10.2
926.8
12.1
941.7
11.3
930.6
Secondary Inventory Withdrawals ........

Waste Coal (a) ....................................
Total Supply ...........................................
2013
Year
2014
1st
2015
Consumption (million short tons)

Coke Plants .........................................
5.3
5.5
5.4
5.3
4.8
5.1
5.2
5.3
4.8
4.9
5.8
5.8
21.5
20.5
21.2
Electric Power Sector (b) .....................
212.0
200.2
237.3
208.9
231.7
196.8
231.4
208.5
223.1
194.5
238.3
208.9
858.4
868.5
864.7
Retail and Other Industry .....................

Residential and Commercial .............
11.8
0.7
10.8
0.4
10.8
0.4
11.9
0.5
12.0
0.7
10.9
0.4
10.7
0.5
11.6
0.7
11.6
0.8
10.8
0.5
10.7
0.5
11.6
0.7
45.3
2.0
45.3
2.2
44.8
2.5
Other Industrial .................................
11.1
10.4
10.4
11.4
11.3
10.5
10.3
10.9
10.8
10.3
10.3
10.9
43.3
43.1
42.3
Total Consumption ................................
229.0
216.5
253.5
226.1
248.6
212.9
247.3
225.5
239.4
210.1
254.8
226.3
925.1
934.3
930.6
8.4
2.1
-1.0
-7.9
6.6
-0.5
-3.2
4.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.7
7.4
0.0
End-of-period Inventories (million short tons)

Primary Inventories (d) .........................
40.7
Secondary Inventories .........................
178.2
Electric Power Sector ........................
171.5
41.7
177.5
170.5
40.1
159.6
152.2
42.7
154.8
148.0
41.7
123.7
118.0
41.7
138.9
132.9
41.1
130.8
124.2
43.4
136.3
129.2
42.9
137.4
131.2
43.0
146.4
139.5
42.4
133.2
125.8
44.7
139.1
131.3
42.7
154.8
148.0
43.4
136.3
129.2
44.7
139.1
131.3
4.0
2.2
4.0
2.5
4.3
2.5
4.1
2.2
3.5
1.8
3.6
1.9
4.4
1.8
4.8
1.9
4.1
1.6
4.5
2.0
5.1
1.9
5.5
1.9
4.1
2.2
4.8
1.9
5.5
1.9
5.55
5.55
5.55
5.55
5.47
5.47
5.47
5.47
5.61
5.61
5.61
5.61
5.55
5.47
5.61
0.259
0.267
0.267
0.260
0.262
0.263
0.271
0.265
0.268
0.280
0.269
0.262
0.263
0.265
0.270
2.35
2.37
2.33
2.34
2.33
2.39
2.37
2.35
2.36
2.36
2.35
2.36
2.35
2.36
2.36
Discrepancy (c)
Retail and General Industry ..............

Coke Plants ......................................
Coal Market Indicators
Coal Miner Productivity
(Tons per hour) .................................
Total Raw Steel Production
(Million short tons per day) ................
Cost of Coal to Electric Utilities
(Dollars per million Btu) ....................
(a) Waste coal includes waste coal and cloal slurry reprocessed into briquettes.
(b) Coal used for electricity generation and (a limited amount of) useful thermal output by electric utilities and independent power producers.
(c) The discrepancy reflects an unaccounted-for shipper and receiver reporting difference, assumed to be zero in the forecast period.
(d) Primary stocks are held at the mines and distribution points.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports:Quarterly Coal Report , DOE/EIA-0121; and Electric Power Monthly ,
DOE/EIA-0226.
Table 7a. U.S. Electricity Industry Overview

2013
1st
2nd
Electricity Supply (billion kilowatthours per day)
Electricity Generation .........................
10.92
10.73
Electric Power Sector (a) ................
10.48
10.31
Comm. and Indus. Sectors (b) ........
0.44
0.42
Net Imports .......................................
0.13
0.14
Total Supply ........................................
11.06
10.87
Losses and Unaccounted for (c) .......
0.66
0.84
2014
3rd
4th
1st
12.15
11.71
0.45
0.17
12.32
0.77
10.66
10.23
0.44
0.13
10.79
0.79
11.47
11.04
0.43
0.11
11.58
0.67
Electricity Consumption (billion kilowatthours per day unless noted)

Retail Sales ........................................
10.01
9.66
11.16
9.62
Residential Sector ...........................
3.96
3.38
4.37
3.53
Commercial Sector ..........................
3.47
3.60
4.07
3.53
Industrial Sector ..............................
2.56
2.65
2.70
2.55
Transportation Sector ......................
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Direct Use (d) .....................................
0.39
0.37
0.39
0.38
Total Consumption ............................
10.39
10.03
11.55
10.00
Average residential electricity
usage per customer (kWh) ................
2,795
2,414
3,149
2,538
Prices
Power Generation Fuel Costs (dollars per million Btu)
Coal .................................................
2.35
2.37
Natural Gas .....................................
4.35
4.56
Residual Fuel Oil .............................
19.37
19.83
Distillate Fuel Oil ..............................
23.44
22.62
End-Use Prices (cents per kilowatthour)
Residential Sector ...........................
11.56
12.31
Commercial Sector ..........................
9.96
10.33
Industrial Sector ..............................
6.55
6.79
2nd
2015
2013
Year
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2015
10.75
10.34
0.40
0.12
10.87
0.84
12.04
11.60
0.43
0.16
12.20
0.75
10.70
10.26
0.44
0.12
10.82
0.73
11.29
10.86
0.43
0.12
11.41
0.61
10.89
10.48
0.41
0.11
11.00
0.90
12.38
11.95
0.43
0.14
12.52
0.78
10.77
10.33
0.44
0.10
10.87
0.73
11.12
10.68
0.44
0.14
11.26
0.77
11.24
10.81
0.43
0.13
11.36
0.75
11.33
10.91
0.43
0.12
11.45
0.75
10.53
4.35
3.62
2.54
0.02
0.38
10.91
9.67
3.36
3.64
2.66
0.02
0.35
10.03
11.07
4.26
4.06
2.73
0.02
0.38
11.45
9.71
3.55
3.56
2.57
0.02
0.38
10.09
10.42
4.18
3.64
2.58
0.02
0.38
10.80
9.75
3.37
3.69
2.67
0.02
0.35
10.10
11.37
4.43
4.14
2.77
0.02
0.38
11.74
9.76
3.55
3.57
2.61
0.02
0.38
10.14
10.11
3.81
3.67
2.62
0.02
0.38
10.50
10.25
3.88
3.72
2.63
0.02
0.37
10.62
10.32
3.88
3.76
2.66
0.02
0.37
10.70
3,053
2,380
3,047
2,538
2,918
2,370
3,146
2,515
10,896
11,018
10,948
2.33
4.06
18.76
23.23
2.34
4.41
19.47
22.97
2.33
6.82
19.95
23.39
2.39
4.93
20.44
22.74
2.37
4.25
19.98
21.93
2.35
4.89
17.15
18.84
2.36
4.83
14.12
17.47
2.36
4.29
12.67
16.78
2.35
4.43
12.49
17.62
2.36
4.86
12.70
18.79
2.35
4.32
19.33
23.08
2.36
5.12
19.49
22.21
2.36
4.58
12.98
17.67
12.54
10.68
7.24
12.01
10.14
6.67
11.90
10.57
7.02
12.73
10.63
6.94
13.00
11.11
7.36
12.28
10.47
6.84
12.28
10.55
6.75
12.92
10.88
6.98
13.12
11.33
7.42
12.41
10.69
6.85
12.12
10.29
6.82
12.47
10.71
7.05
12.69
10.88
7.01
- = no data available. kWh = kilowatthours. Btu = British thermal units.

(a) Generation supplied by electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants operated by electric utilities and independent power producers.
(b) Generation supplied by CHP and electricity-only plants operated by businesses in the commercial and industrial sectors, primarily for onsite use.
(c) Includes transmission and distribution losses, data collection time-frame differences, and estimation error.
(d) Direct Use represents commercial and industrial facility use of onsite net electricity generation; and electrical sales or transfers to adjacent or colocated facilities
for which revenue information is not available. See Table 7.6 of the EIA Monthly Energy Review .
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports: Electric Power Monthly , DOE/EIA-0226; and Electric Power Annual ,
DOE/EIA-0348.
Table 7b. U.S. Regional Electricity Retail Sales (Million Kilowatthours per Day)
2013
1st
Residential Sector
New England ...............
Middle Atlantic .............
E. N. Central ................
W. N. Central ...............
S. Atlantic ....................
E. S. Central ................
W. S. Central ...............
Mountain ......................
Pacific contiguous .......
AK and HI .....................
Total ..........................
Commercial Sector
New England ...............
E. N. Central ................
W. N. Central ...............
S. Atlantic ....................
E. S. Central ................
W. S. Central ...............
Mountain ......................
AK and HI .....................
Total ..........................
Industrial Sector
New England ...............
E. N. Central ................
W. N. Central ...............
S. Atlantic ....................
E. S. Central ................
W. S. Central ...............
Mountain ......................
AK and HI .....................
Total ..........................
Total All Sectors (a)
New England ...............
E. N. Central ................
W. N. Central ...............
S. Atlantic ....................
E. S. Central ................
W. S. Central ...............
Mountain ......................
AK and HI .....................
Total ..........................
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
144
390
562
322
962
344
529
253
436
14
3,955
115
324
447
247
846
280
517
248
346
12
3,384
146
416
553
310
1,075
366
755
328
412
12
4,373
122
330
495
275
873
294
517
227
385
13
3,531
154
423
616
352
1,081
404
641
239
421
14
4,345
111
315
446
246
858
278
501
242
347
11
3,355
136
383
513
293
1,088
363
729
320
420
12
4,257
120
327
494
270
887
300
528
232
380
13
3,552
147
401
573
328
1,048
379
610
257
426
14
4,184
113
318
441
245
855
279
520
243
342
12
3,368
140
409
560
316
1,128
378
736
343
410
12
4,432
122
332
491
268
891
294
519
241
379
13
3,551
132
365
514
288
939
321
580
264
395
13
3,811
130
362
517
290
978
336
600
259
392
13
3,876
130
365
516
289
981
333
596
271
389
13
3,884
121
427
492
270
781
228
462
237
430
17
3,466
118
414
490
266
832
243
514
262
448
16
3,604
135
474
539
298
918
288
610
287
500
17
4,066
117
412
489
271
799
231
504
243
444
17
3,527
153
442
510
284
803
239
495
239
438
17
3,620
138
413
490
273
842
237
522
257
447
16
3,636
154
461
526
298
920
271
609
287
515
17
4,058
140
406
488
271
800
232
513
245
452
17
3,565
151
439
509
282
807
243
499
245
446
17
3,638
138
415
498
279
850
240
536
264
453
16
3,689
157
468
544
304
933
285
623
294
514
17
4,139
138
409
488
272
805
231
510
249
453
17
3,571
123
432
503
277
833
248
523
257
456
17
3,667
146
431
504
281
842
245
535
257
463
16
3,720
146
433
510
284
849
250
543
263
467
17
3,760
72
188
533
230
367
317
407
210
224
13
2,563
73
186
534
239
388
312
435
235
235
14
2,650
78
193
539
251
397
286
448
246
251
14
2,703
71
188
513
238
373
277
422
217
234
14
2,546
49
201
525
234
372
279
431
213
226
13
2,543
49
198
532
240
397
287
465
239
240
14
2,660
52
205
544
253
404
296
471
250
244
14
2,734
47
198
510
242
384
290
432
227
227
14
2,571
49
199
529
245
374
296
427
223
224
14
2,579
49
198
534
253
397
288
453
243
237
14
2,666
53
205
548
269
405
287
474
262
255
14
2,772
48
195
524
253
382
288
440
233
236
14
2,615
74
189
530
240
381
298
428
227
236
14
2,616
49
200
528
242
389
288
450
232
234
14
2,627
50
199
534
255
390
290
449
240
238
14
2,658
339
1,017
1,589
823
2,114
890
1,399
700
1,092
43
10,006
308
935
1,473
752
2,070
836
1,467
745
1,031
42
9,658
360
1,095
1,632
859
2,393
940
1,813
862
1,165
43
11,163
311
940
1,497
784
2,049
801
1,443
686
1,066
44
9,623
357
1,078
1,654
870
2,260
922
1,567
692
1,087
44
10,531
300
936
1,469
760
2,100
803
1,488
739
1,037
41
9,673
344
1,059
1,584
844
2,415
931
1,811
857
1,181
43
11,069
309
943
1,494
784
2,074
823
1,474
705
1,061
44
9,709
349
1,051
1,613
856
2,233
918
1,537
725
1,098
44
10,424
302
942
1,475
778
2,106
808
1,509
750
1,034
42
9,745
351
1,095
1,654
889
2,469
950
1,834
900
1,181
43
11,365
310
948
1,504
793
2,082
813
1,470
723
1,071
45
9,759
330
997
1,548
805
2,157
867
1,531
749
1,088
43
10,114
327
1,004
1,550
814
2,212
869
1,585
748
1,091
43
10,245
328
1,009
1,561
829
2,223
872
1,588
775
1,096
43
10,324
(a) Total retail sales to all sectors includes residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sector sales.
Retail Sales represents total retail electricity sales by electric utilities and power marketers.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports: Electric Power Monthly , DOE/EIA-0226; and Electric
Power Annual , DOE/EIA-0348.
Table 7c. U.S. Regional Electricity Prices (Cents per Kilowatthour)

2013
1st
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
Residential Sector
New England ..............
Middle Atlantic ............
E. N. Central ...............
W. N. Central ..............
S. Atlantic ...................
E. S. Central ...............
W. S. Central ..............
Mountain .....................
Pacific .........................
U.S. Average ...........
Commercial Sector
New England ..............
E. N. Central ...............
W. N. Central ..............
S. Atlantic ...................
E. S. Central ...............
W. S. Central ..............
Mountain .....................
Pacific .........................
U.S. Average ...........
Industrial Sector
New England ..............
E. N. Central ...............
W. N. Central ..............
S. Atlantic ...................
E. S. Central ...............
W. S. Central ..............
Mountain .....................
Pacific .........................
U.S. Average ...........
All Sectors (a)
15.59
15.09
11.48
9.95
10.88
10.05
10.23
10.46
12.80
11.56
16.12
15.70
12.45
11.40
11.48
10.71
10.95
11.52
13.72
12.31
16.01
16.48
12.30
12.06
11.77
10.64
10.92
11.99
14.60
12.54
17.21
15.53
11.87
10.43
11.27
10.28
10.75
11.09
13.32
12.01
17.46
16.28
11.56
10.05
11.31
10.30
10.37
10.94
12.97
11.90
18.03
16.58
12.95
11.80
11.98
11.21
11.44
12.02
12.77
12.73
17.60
16.66
12.98
12.31
12.13
10.97
11.39
12.32
15.51
13.00
18.38
15.99
12.22
10.65
11.62
10.41
11.07
11.42
13.09
12.28
18.49
16.28
12.11
10.41
11.57
10.75
10.83
11.23
13.41
12.28
18.57
17.04
13.21
12.05
12.09
11.28
11.17
12.32
13.38
12.92
18.47
17.09
13.22
12.48
12.13
11.06
11.14
12.64
15.75
13.12
18.72
16.47
12.43
10.87
11.56
10.43
10.73
11.73
13.62
12.41
16.20
15.72
12.01
10.95
11.37
10.42
10.73
11.32
13.60
12.12
17.83
16.38
12.37
11.13
11.76
10.70
11.06
11.73
13.64
12.47
18.56
16.72
12.72
11.43
11.84
10.88
10.98
12.04
14.08
12.69
14.37
12.70
9.34
8.36
9.30
9.82
8.07
8.83
11.04
9.96
13.76
12.85
9.65
9.22
9.34
9.91
8.19
9.47
12.94
10.33
13.83
13.89
9.65
9.66
9.48
9.76
8.14
9.80
14.38
10.68
14.40
12.45
9.39
8.49
9.42
9.78
8.02
9.26
12.43
10.14
15.24
14.26
9.69
8.60
9.83
10.28
8.12
9.18
11.95
10.57
14.07
13.28
9.93
9.38
9.67
10.51
8.29
9.82
13.14
10.63
14.44
13.94
10.00
9.86
9.70
10.40
8.30
10.18
15.63
11.11
14.49
12.85
9.51
8.67
9.70
10.27
8.04
9.61
13.28
10.47
15.35
13.54
9.71
8.61
9.98
10.52
8.10
9.29
12.19
10.55
15.07
13.86
9.97
9.51
9.99
10.67
8.04
10.08
13.87
10.88
15.34
14.64
10.06
10.09
10.03
10.52
8.07
10.40
16.07
11.33
15.06
13.54
9.68
8.86
10.02
10.46
7.81
9.78
13.58
10.69
14.08
13.00
9.51
8.95
9.39
9.82
8.11
9.37
12.77
10.29
14.57
13.60
9.79
9.14
9.73
10.37
8.20
9.72
13.59
10.71
15.21
13.92
9.86
9.29
10.01
10.54
8.01
9.92
14.01
10.88
12.38
7.30
6.42
6.33
6.30
5.65
5.60
5.89
7.41
6.55
11.92
7.23
6.62
6.58
6.44
5.91
5.88
6.44
8.14
6.79
12.46
7.47
6.75
7.15
6.77
6.63
6.17
7.18
8.93
7.24
11.89
7.00
6.49
6.28
6.41
5.65
5.73
6.23
8.22
6.67
12.96
8.75
7.00
6.56
6.80
6.18
5.87
6.21
7.96
7.02
11.28
7.37
6.83
6.68
6.68
6.22
6.04
6.76
8.30
6.94
11.39
7.28
7.01
7.32
6.97
6.76
6.34
7.37
9.60
7.36
12.17
7.37
6.86
6.45
6.52
5.74
5.85
6.31
8.77
6.84
12.06
7.77
6.78
6.44
6.65
5.98
5.66
6.21
7.77
6.75
11.93
7.64
6.89
6.76
6.77
6.30
5.88
6.81
8.38
6.98
12.01
7.74
7.12
7.52
7.05
6.67
6.27
7.58
9.36
7.42
11.78
7.56
6.85
6.53
6.63
5.97
5.80
6.39
8.56
6.85
12.17
7.25
6.57
6.60
6.48
5.96
5.86
6.46
8.20
6.82
11.93
7.69
6.92
6.76
6.74
6.23
6.03
6.69
8.68
7.05
11.94
7.68
6.91
6.83
6.78
6.23
5.91
6.78
8.55
7.01
New England ..............

E. N. Central ...............
W. N. Central ..............
S. Atlantic ...................
E. S. Central ...............
W. S. Central ..............
Mountain .....................
Pacific .........................
U.S. Average ...........
14.43
12.61
9.11
8.42
9.50
8.42
8.17
8.54
10.99
9.72
14.18
12.70
9.40
9.09
9.67
8.68
8.48
9.20
12.10
10.05
14.40
13.73
9.59
9.79
10.06
9.15
8.81
9.89
13.28
10.58
14.92
12.43
9.21
8.50
9.66
8.53
8.33
8.91
11.82
9.91
15.85
14.00
9.53
8.64
10.04
9.05
8.42
8.87
11.51
10.26
15.05
13.13
9.72
9.31
10.05
9.22
8.65
9.56
11.89
10.34
15.20
13.63
9.93
9.95
10.34
9.46
9.04
10.16
14.33
10.91
15.62
12.77
9.50
8.67
9.93
8.73
8.48
9.15
12.24
10.17
16.18
13.48
9.60
8.68
10.17
9.15
8.50
9.03
11.75
10.31
15.84
13.60
9.82
9.42
10.23
9.32
8.47
9.75
12.44
10.51
16.06
14.23
10.15
10.16
10.50
9.57
8.84
10.43
14.50
11.07
15.95
13.31
9.59
8.80
10.06
8.86
8.24
9.34
12.48
10.29
14.48
12.90
9.33
8.96
9.73
8.71
8.47
9.18
12.07
10.08
15.44
13.41
9.67
9.14
10.10
9.12
8.67
9.48
12.55
10.44
16.02
13.67
9.80
9.28
10.25
9.24
8.53
9.69
12.84
10.56
(a) Volume-weighted average of retail prices to residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors.
Historical data: Latest data available from Energy Information Administration databases supporting the following reports: Electric Power Monthly , DOE/EIA-0226; and Electric
Power Annual , DOE/EIA-0348.
Table 7d. U.S. Regional Electricity Generation, All Sectors (Thousand megawatthours per day)
2013
1st
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
United States
Coal ...............................................
4,367
4,077
4,747
4,187
4,873
4,037
4,628
4,171
4,640
3,988
4,814
4,200
4,345
4,426
Natural Gas ...................................
2,802
2,843
3,694
2,858
2,700
2,870
3,702
2,917
2,830
2,954
3,793
2,919
3,051
3,050
Petroleum (a) ................................
74
73
81
66
147
63
65
69
78
69
75
67
74
86
Other Gases ..................................
32
33
36
33
28
29
35
35
29
30
37
36
34
32
Nuclear ..........................................
2,176
2,044
2,257
2,168
2,201
2,060
2,289
2,120
2,144
2,074
2,206
2,055
2,162
2,168
Renewable Energy Sources:
Conventional Hydropower ..........
736
886
716
613
703
850
652
616
747
864
692
640
737
705
Wind ...........................................
491
520
353
475
553
549
367
489
538
586
433
563
459
489
Wood Biomass ...........................
110
100
114
113
116
112
119
116
118
115
124
118
109
116
Waste Biomass ..........................
53
56
55
54
51
53
56
56
55
57
59
59
55
54
Geothermal ................................
46
45
45
45
45
45
44
46
47
46
47
48
45
45
Solar ...........................................
16
27
31
27
33
61
62
41
42
82
80
46
25
50
Pumped Storage Hydropower .......
-13
-11
-13
-12
-12
-17
-19
-13
-12
-11
-15
-13
-12
-15
Other Nonrenewable Fuels (b) ......
33
34
36
33
31
33
35
33
33
35
36
34
34
33
Total Generation ...........................
10,925 10,727 12,153 10,661 11,470 10,746 12,036 10,696 11,288 10,889 12,381 10,771
11,118 11,237
Northeast Census Region
Coal ...............................................
330
276
287
238
359
250
214
208
339
202
263
234
283
257
Natural Gas ...................................
451
480
610
445
409
480
627
469
463
517
637
494
497
497
Petroleum (a) ................................
12
4
8
6
55
2
3
6
7
4
6
4
7
16
Other Gases ..................................
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
Nuclear ..........................................
561
489
543
533
542
471
539
516
490
474
504
468
532
517
Hydropower (c) ..............................
101
95
91
95
97
104
89
101
106
113
101
100
95
98
Other Renewables (d) ...................
66
61
55
68
72
63
60
70
71
64
60
72
62
66
12
13
13
12
11
12
13
12
11
12
12
12
12
12
1,535
1,421
1,609
1,399
1,547
1,384
1,545
1,383
1,491
1,388
1,585
1,386
1,491
1,464
South Census Region
Coal ...............................................
1,776
1,753
2,087
1,754
2,122
1,851
2,100
1,749
1,950
1,774
2,088
1,694
1,843
1,955
Natural Gas ...................................
1,599
1,673
2,049
1,590
1,538
1,722
2,083
1,608
1,630
1,784
2,163
1,654
1,729
1,739
Petroleum (a) ................................
27
36
38
25
54
28
26
27
33
29
31
26
32
33
Other Gases ..................................
12
14
15
14
11
11
14
14
11
11
15
14
14
12
Nuclear ..........................................
908
929
1,007
935
966
882
994
949
955
923
982
920
945
948
Hydropower (c) ..............................
150
147
134
116
146
103
75
120
157
113
89
120
137
111
218
239
181
215
239
254
201
236
253
278
232
277
213
232
13
13
14
13
13
13
14
13
14
14
14
13
13
13
4,705
4,803
5,526
4,660
5,089
4,862
5,507
4,716
5,001
4,926
5,614
4,718
4,925
5,044
Midwest Census Region
Coal ...............................................
1,656
1,500
1,753
1,599
1,805
1,440
1,682
1,611
1,760
1,487
1,809
1,640
1,627
1,634
Natural Gas ...................................
197
186
244
176
194
179
206
190
173
175
227
160
201
192
Petroleum (a) ................................
11
10
12
13
14
13
12
11
13
11
13
11
11
13
Other Gases ..................................
11
11
13
12
11
12
14
14
11
12
15
14
12
13
Nuclear ..........................................
548
476
534
549
533
543
586
505
538
520
553
513
527
542
Hydropower (c) ..............................
30
41
35
26
30
42
41
29
33
47
47
28
33
36
216
199
141
221
251
213
147
224
240
231
167
251
194
209
4
4
5
4
4
5
5
4
4
5
5
4
4
4
2,673
2,429
2,737
2,599
2,841
2,446
2,695
2,588
2,772
2,487
2,835
2,621
2,609
2,642
West Census Region
Coal ...............................................
605
547
620
596
587
497
632
603
591
525
653
633
592
580
Natural Gas ...................................
555
504
790
647
558
489
786
649
564
478
766
611
625
621
Petroleum (a) ................................
24
23
23
23
24
21
24
25
25
25
26
26
23
23
Other Gases ..................................
6
6
6
6
5
5
6
6
5
5
6
6
6
5
Nuclear ..........................................
159
150
173
152
160
164
170
149
162
156
166
154
158
161
Hydropower (c) ..............................
442
592
443
364
418
585
427
354
439
580
441
380
460
446
217
249
222
210
236
290
240
219
235
314
284
233
225
246
4
3
4
4
4
3
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
2,013
2,075
2,281
2,003
1,992
2,054
2,289
2,009
2,024
2,087
2,347
2,046
2,093
2,087
(a) Residual fuel oil, distillate fuel oil, petroleum coke, and other petroleum liquids.
(b) Batteries, chemicals, hydrogen, pitch, purchased steam, sulfur, nonrenewable waste, and miscellaneous technologies.
(c) Conventional hydroelectric and pumped storage generation.
(d) Wind, biomass, geothermal, and solar generation.
Notes: Data reflect generation supplied by electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants operated by electric utilities, independent power producers, and
the commercial and industrial sectors. The approximate break between historical and forecast values is shown with historical data printed in bold; estimates and forecasts in italics.
Historical data: Latest data available from U.S. Energy Information Administration Electric Power Monthly and Electric Power Annual.
2015
4,410
3,126
72
33
2,120
735
530
119
58
47
63
-13
34
11,334
260
528
5
2
484
105
67
12
1,463
1,876
1,809
30
13
945
119
260
14
5,066
1,674
184
12
13
531
39
222
5
2,679
601
605
25
5
160
460
266
4
2,127
Table 7e. U.S. Regional Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation, All Sectors
2013
1st
2nd
3rd
Fuel Consumption for Electricity Generation, All Sectors
United States
Coal (thousand st/d) ...................
2,361
2,207
2,586
Natural Gas (million cf/d) ...........
20,952 21,902 28,751
Petroleum (thousand b/d) ..........
128
127
144
Residual Fuel Oil .....................
38
28
36
Distillate Fuel Oil .....................
26
24
27
Petroleum Coke (a) .................
59
72
78
Other Petroleum Liquids (b) ....
5
3
4
Northeast Census Region
149
125
132
3,415
3,668
4,716
20
7
15
South Census Region
940
937
1,119
11,919 12,884 16,050
52
67
72
Midwest Census Region
933
842
989
1,530
1,518
2,064
20
17
20
West Census Region
340
302
346
4,089
3,832
5,922
37
35
36
2014
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
2,278
21,615
119
30
26
60
4
2,582
20,530
258
86
85
70
17
2,169
21,903
110
24
23
61
2
2,523
28,161
114
30
22
59
3
2,273
21,647
124
32
31
56
4
2,484
21,059
140
28
35
69
8
2,143
22,693
122
27
27
64
5
2,597
29,257
132
29
29
68
5
2,277
21,757
121
26
29
62
5
2,358
23,322
129
33
25
67
4
2,387
23,077
151
43
40
61
7
2,375
23,709
129
27
30
66
6
108
3,352
11
164
3,153
92
116
3,659
4
105
4,877
6
99
3,546
10
157
3,517
13
95
3,995
7
124
4,998
10
110
3,741
8
128
3,790
13
121
3,813
28
121
4,066
10
933
12,043
47
1,084
11,689
103
969
13,113
52
1,116
15,773
49
928
11,854
52
1,008
12,061
65
925
13,661
55
1,091
16,643
59
891
12,276
50
983
13,232
60
1,024
13,115
64
979
13,669
57
902
1,441
23
1,006
1,587
27
811
1,441
23
952
1,673
22
907
1,525
22
987
1,371
23
832
1,440
20
1,018
1,895
22
921
1,285
22
917
1,639
20
919
1,557
24
940
1,499
22
335
4,779
37
328
4,101
37
274
3,690
31
351
5,838
37
340
4,721
39
332
4,110
39
290
3,597
39
363
5,722
42
355
4,456
41
331
4,661
36
323
4,593
36
335
4,476
40
End-of-period U.S. Fuel Inventories Held by Electric Power Sector

Coal (million short tons) ................
171.5
170.5
152.2
148.0
118.0
132.9
124.2
129.2
131.2
139.5
125.8
131.3
148.0
129.2
Residual Fuel Oil (mmb) ...............
12.9
12.1
12.2
12.9
10.5
10.7
10.5
10.9
11.3
11.6
11.7
11.9
12.9
10.9
Distillate Fuel Oil (mmb) ...............
16.2
15.9
15.5
15.7
15.4
15.6
15.7
15.9
16.0
15.8
15.7
15.9
15.7
15.9
Petroleum Coke (mmb) .................
2.0
2.0
1.5
1.9
1.7
2.0
1.9
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.5
1.9
2.2
(a) Petroleum coke consumption converted from short tons to barrels by multiplying by five.
(b) Other petroleum liquids include jet fuel, kerosene, and waste oil.
Notes: Data reflect generation supplied by electricity-only and combined-heat-and-power (CHP) plants operated by electric utilities, independent power producers, and
the commercial and industrial sectors. Data include fuel consumed only for generation of electricity. Values do not include consumption by CHP plants for useful thermal output.
The approximate break between historical and forecast values is shown with historical data printed in bold; estimates and forecasts in italics.
Physical Units: st/d = short tons per day; b/d = barrels per day; cf/d = cubic feet per day; mmb = million barrels.
Historical data: Latest data available from U.S. Energy Information Administration Electric Power Monthly and Electric Power Annual.
131.3
11.9
15.9
2.5
Table 8. U.S. Renewable Energy Consumption (Quadrillion Btu)

2013
1st
2nd
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
Electric Power Sector

Hydroelectric Power (a) ........................
0.621
0.759
0.619
0.529
0.595
0.731
0.565
0.532
Wood Biomass (b) ................................
0.049
0.045
0.056
0.056
0.065
0.059
0.064
0.063
Waste Biomass (c) ................................
0.062
0.065
0.065
0.067
0.061
0.062
0.066
0.068
Wind .....................................................
0.420
0.450
0.309
0.416
0.473
0.475
0.321
0.428
Geothermal ..........................................
0.040
0.039
0.039
0.039
0.038
0.039
0.039
0.040
Solar .....................................................
0.013
0.023
0.026
0.023
0.028
0.051
0.053
0.036
Subtotal .............................................
1.206
1.380
1.115
1.130
1.260
1.417
1.109
1.167
Industrial Sector
0.009
0.008
0.007
0.007
0.008
0.005
0.006
0.007
Wood Biomass (b) ................................
0.318
0.310
0.328
0.324
0.305
0.317
0.326
0.312
Waste Biomass (c) ................................
0.042
0.042
0.043
0.044
0.042
0.042
0.043
0.044
Geothermal ..........................................
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
0.001
Biofuel Losses and Co-products (f) ......
0.171
0.187
0.185
0.201
0.193
0.201
0.201
0.202
Subtotal .............................................
0.546
0.553
0.569
0.581
0.552
0.571
0.582
0.570
Commercial Sector
Wood Biomass (b) ................................
0.017
0.017
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.018
0.019
0.021
Waste Biomass (c) ................................
0.012
0.011
0.011
0.012
0.011
0.011
0.012
0.012
Geothermal ..........................................
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
0.005
Subtotal .............................................
0.036
0.035
0.036
0.036
0.035
0.036
0.037
0.038
Residential Sector
Wood Biomass (b) ................................
0.143
0.145
0.146
0.146
0.143
0.145
0.146
0.146
Geothermal ..........................................
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
0.010
Solar (d) .................................................
0.054
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.062
0.063
0.063
0.063
Subtotal .............................................
0.207
0.209
0.211
0.211
0.215
0.217
0.220
0.220
Transportation Sector
Ethanol (e) .............................................
0.256
0.282
0.280
0.282
0.263
0.284
0.282
0.273
Biodiesel (e) ...........................................
0.033
0.046
0.056
0.071
0.040
0.048
0.055
0.051
Subtotal .............................................
0.288
0.328
0.336
0.353
0.303
0.332
0.334
0.324
All Sectors Total
0.631
0.767
0.627
0.536
0.602
0.736
0.571
0.538
Wood Biomass (b) ................................
0.528
0.517
0.549
0.544
0.530
0.539
0.555
0.542
Waste Biomass (c) ................................
0.117
0.118
0.119
0.123
0.114
0.115
0.121
0.124
Wind .....................................................
0.420
0.450
0.309
0.416
0.473
0.475
0.321
0.428
Geothermal ..........................................
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.055
0.054
0.055
0.055
0.056
Solar .....................................................
0.068
0.078
0.082
0.079
0.091
0.116
0.116
0.100
Ethanol (e) .............................................
0.254
0.280
0.277
0.280
0.260
0.281
0.282
0.284
Biodiesel (e) ...........................................
0.033
0.046
0.056
0.071
0.040
0.048
0.055
0.051
Biofuel Losses and Co-products (f) ......
0.171
0.187
0.185
0.201
0.193
0.201
0.201
0.202
Total Consumption ................................
2.279
2.501
2.263
2.308
2.361
2.569
2.277
2.314
(a) Conventional hydroelectric power only. Hydroelectricity generated by pumped storage is not included in renewable energy.
(b) Wood and wood-derived fuels.
(c) Municipal solid waste from biogenic sources, landfill gas, sludge waste, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass.
2013
Year
2014
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2015
0.632
0.065
0.065
0.460
0.040
0.035
1.299
0.743
0.059
0.069
0.507
0.040
0.070
1.488
0.600
0.073
0.072
0.379
0.041
0.069
1.234
0.553
0.066
0.070
0.492
0.042
0.039
1.263
2.529
0.207
0.258
1.595
0.157
0.085
4.831
2.422
0.251
0.257
1.697
0.156
0.168
4.953
2.528
0.264
0.276
1.839
0.163
0.213
5.283
0.006
0.296
0.042
0.001
0.198
0.547
0.006
0.290
0.040
0.001
0.198
0.539
0.006
0.304
0.043
0.001
0.201
0.559
0.006
0.308
0.044
0.001
0.201
0.564
0.032
1.281
0.171
0.004
0.744
2.248
0.025
1.260
0.170
0.004
0.798
2.274
0.024
1.198
0.168
0.004
0.798
2.209
0.020
0.011
0.005
0.038
0.019
0.011
0.005
0.036
0.021
0.012
0.005
0.038
0.021
0.012
0.005
0.039
0.070
0.046
0.020
0.143
0.074
0.046
0.020
0.146
0.082
0.045
0.020
0.150
0.141
0.010
0.075
0.226
0.142
0.010
0.076
0.228
0.144
0.010
0.076
0.230
0.144
0.010
0.076
0.230
0.580
0.040
0.219
0.839
0.580
0.040
0.252
0.871
0.571
0.040
0.303
0.914
0.264
0.047
0.310
0.276
0.049
0.325
0.276
0.050
0.325
0.272
0.051
0.323
1.100
0.205
1.306
1.102
0.195
1.293
1.087
0.196
1.283
0.638
0.523
0.119
0.460
0.056
0.111
0.268
0.047
0.198
2.419
0.749
0.512
0.119
0.507
0.056
0.146
0.281
0.049
0.198
2.616
0.606
0.541
0.127
0.379
0.057
0.146
0.281
0.050
0.201
2.386
0.560
0.539
0.126
0.492
0.058
0.117
0.276
0.051
0.201
2.419
2.561
2.138
0.476
1.595
0.221
0.307
1.090
0.205
0.744
9.351
2.448
2.166
0.474
1.697
0.220
0.422
1.107
0.195
0.798
9.521
2.553
2.115
0.490
1.839
0.227
0.521
1.107
0.196
0.798
9.840
(d) Includes small-scale solar thermal and photovoltaic energy used in the commercial, industrial, and electric power sectors.
(e) Fuel ethanol and biodiesel consumption in the transportation sector includes production, stock change, and imports less exports. Some biodiesel may be consumed in the residential sector in
(f) Losses and co-products from the production of fuel ethanol and biodiesel
Historical data: Latest data available from EIA databases supporting the following reports: Electric Power Monthly, DOE/EIA-0226 and Renewable Energy Annual, DOE/EIA-0603; Petroleum
Supply Monthly, DOE/EIA-0109.
Table 9a. U.S. Macroeconomic Indicators and CO2 Emissions

Macroeconomic
Real Gross Domestic Product
(billion chained 2009 dollars - SAAR) ........
Real Personal Consumption Expend.
Real Fixed Investment
Business Inventory Change
Real Government Expenditures
Real Exports of Goods & Services
Real Imports of Goods & Services
Real Disposable Personal Income
Non-Farm Employment
(millions) ..................................................
Civilian Unemployment Rate
(percent) ..................................................
Housing Starts
(millions - SAAR) .......................................
1st
2013
2nd
3rd
2013
Year
2014
2015
15,538
15,607
15,780
15,916
15,832
16,010
16,576
15,710
16,052
16,436
10,614
10,660
10,713
10,811
10,844
11,247
11,317
10,700
10,938
11,210
2,428
2,457
2,497
2,535
2,717
2,761
2,793
2,479
2,601
2,739
44
51
111
57
43
40
42
74
72
45
2,900
2,901
2,892
2,894
2,894
2,894
2,899
2,894
2,889
2,895
1,972
2,120
2,114
2,117
2,134
2,155
2,173
2,020
2,085
2,145
2,541
2,530
2,543
2,550
2,571
2,599
2,635
2,440
2,522
2,589
11,810
11,937
12,016
12,084
12,147
12,206
12,284
12,360
11,651
11,962
12,249
137.2
137.8
138.5
139.2
139.9
140.5
141.1
141.6
142.0
136.4
138.8
141.3
7.2
7.0
6.7
6.2
6.1
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.7
7.4
6.2
5.7
0.86
0.88
1.03
0.93
0.99
1.02
1.06
1.09
1.14
1.19
1.23
0.93
1.00
1.16
91.0
90.5
95.4
92.5
99.4
97.5
104.2
85.6
95.5
87.8
73.4
99.4
90.9
90.3
95.6
92.6
100.1
97.9
104.3
85.1
96.2
87.5
74.3
100.8
91.3
91.1
96.2
93.0
101.3
99.0
105.2
83.9
96.7
87.7
74.7
103.1
92.0
92.2
97.2
93.9
102.2
99.4
106.1
82.4
97.7
87.7
75.5
101.9
91.8
92.3
97.1
93.6
103.6
101.1
106.6
83.3
98.2
88.4
77.4
105.7
93.5
93.8
99.0
94.5
104.4
102.1
105.5
82.7
98.9
89.6
79.9
108.0
94.5
94.9
99.9
95.1
105.4
102.8
106.1
83.2
98.8
90.3
80.4
108.1
94.8
95.2
100.4
95.5
105.5
102.9
106.6
83.3
98.7
90.7
81.1
107.9
94.9
95.5
100.6
95.6
105.9
103.4
107.2
83.7
98.7
91.3
82.1
109.1
95.7
96.2
101.4
96.3
106.6
104.2
107.8
84.2
98.9
92.0
83.5
110.6
96.7
97.1
102.5
97.2
107.4
105.1
108.4
84.7
99.3
92.6
84.9
112.5
97.7
98.2
103.7
98.1
99.9
97.9
104.5
85.0
96.2
87.5
74.0
100.8
91.3
91.0
96.1
93.0
103.9
101.4
106.0
82.9
98.4
89.0
78.3
105.9
93.6
94.0
99.1
94.7
106.3
103.9
107.5
84.0
98.9
91.7
82.9
110.0
96.3
96.8
102.1
96.8
Price Indexes
Consumer Price Index (all urban consumers)
(index, 1982-1984=1.00) ............................
Producer Price Index: All Commodities
(index, 1982=1.00) .....................................
Producer Price Index: Petroleum
(index, 1982=1.00) .....................................
GDP Implicit Price Deflator
(index, 2009=100) ......................................
2.32
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.37
2.38
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.33
2.37
2.41
2.04
2.03
2.04
2.03
2.06
2.07
2.07
2.06
2.04
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.03
2.06
2.05
3.01
2.96
2.99
2.83
2.88
2.99
2.90
2.34
1.97
1.97
2.08
2.06
2.95
2.78
2.02
106.2
106.5
106.9
107.3
107.7
108.3
108.6
109.2
109.8
110.2
110.6
111.3
106.7
108.4
110.5
Miscellaneous
Vehicle Miles Traveled (b)
(million miles/day) ......................................
Air Travel Capacity
(Available ton-miles/day, thousands) ..........
Aircraft Utilization
(Revenue ton-miles/day, thousands) ..........
Airline Ticket Price Index
(index, 1982-1984=100) .............................
Raw Steel Production
(million short tons per day) .........................
7,664
8,459
8,375
7,995
7,615
8,573
8,491
8,144
7,789
8,646
8,555
8,196
8,125
8,208
8,298
507
536
542
516
503
545
559
531
510
552
567
535
526
535
541
309
337
342
322
310
345
352
331
314
349
356
335
328
335
339
310.4
323.5
307.0
309.9
297.3
334.3
301.0
303.7
305.4
311.3
297.1
300.8
312.7
309.1
303.6
0.259
0.267
0.267
0.260
0.262
0.263
0.271
0.265
0.268
0.280
0.269
0.262
0.263
0.265
0.270
563
292
403
1,259
581
300
471
1,353
578
380
421
1,379
557
460
460
1,477
568
298
395
1,261
580
305
464
1,349
576
380
419
1,375
557
437
446
1,440
572
305
393
1,270
584
314
475
1,372
578
378
423
1,378
2,272
1,399
1,722
5,393
2,280
1,444
1,738
5,462
2,290
1,434
1,737
5,460
1st
2nd
2015
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
16,151
16,215
16,296
16,382
16,489
10,913
10,961
11,035
11,102
11,174
2,536
2,595
2,625
2,651
2,686
91
40
100
72
77
2,902
2,875
2,869
2,881
2,913
2,003
2,028
2,077
2,027
2,081
2,399
2,449
2,452
2,460
2,474
11,539
11,647
11,706
11,712
135.5
136.1
136.6
7.7
7.5
0.95
Industrial Production Indices (Index, 2007=100)

Total Industrial Production ...........................
99.0
Manufacturing ..........................................
97.1
Food ....................................................
104.0
Paper ...................................................
85.3
Petroleum and Coal Products ................
96.6
Chemicals .............................................
87.1
Nonmetallic Mineral Products ................
73.5
Primary Metals ......................................
99.7
Coal-weighted Manufacturing (a) ...............
Distillate-weighted Manufacturing (a) .........
Electricity-weighted Manufacturing (a) .......
Natural Gas-weighted Manufacturing (a) ...
2014
4th
3rd
Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) Emissions (million metric tons)

Petroleum ....................................................
Natural Gas .................................................
Coal ............................................................
Total Fossil Fuels ........................................
550
427
427
1,403
SAAR = Seasonally-adjusted annual rate
(a) Fuel share weights of individual sector indices based on EIA Manufacturing Energy Consumption Survey .
(b) Total highway travel includes gasoline and diesel fuel vehicles.
Historical data : Latest data available from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis; Federal Reserve System, Statistical release G17; Federal Highway Administration;
and Federal Aviation Administration. Minor discrepancies with published historical data are due to independent rounding.
Projections: EIA Regional Short-Term Energy Model. Macroeconomic projections are based on Global Insight Model of the U.S. Economy.
Table 9b. U.S. Regional Macroeconomic Data

2013
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Real Gross State Product (Billion $2009)
New England ................
848
847
858
863
Middle Atlantic ..............
2,329
2,352
2,365
2,381
E. N. Central .................
2,168
2,173
2,180
2,199
W. N. Central ................
1,019
1,017
1,031
1,038
S. Atlantic ......................
2,770
2,771
2,792
2,820
E. S. Central .................
720
718
726
730
W. S. Central ................
1,872
1,888
1,915
1,938
Mountain .......................
1,005
1,013
1,022
1,034
Pacific ...........................
2,733
2,753
2,814
2,838
Industrial Output, Manufacturing (Index, Year 2007=100)
New England ................
95.3
95.5
95.6
96.2
93.2
93.3
93.4
94.1
E. N. Central .................
98.5
98.8
99.3
100.9
W. N. Central ................
100.2
100.6
100.9
102.3
S. Atlantic ......................
92.7
93.0
93.5
94.6
E. S. Central .................
94.6
95.0
95.7
96.8
W. S. Central ................
102.1
102.3
102.6
104.0
Mountain .......................
98.7
99.2
99.7
100.9
Pacific ...........................
98.0
98.5
98.9
99.9
Real Personal Income (Billion $2009)
New England ................
741
747
749
751
1,987
2,010
2,014
2,020
E. N. Central .................
1,825
1,838
1,839
1,840
W. N. Central ................
868
871
877
873
S. Atlantic ......................
2,424
2,444
2,449
2,454
E. S. Central .................
643
646
650
648
W. S. Central ................
1,493
1,510
1,519
1,521
Mountain .......................
840
850
854
856
Pacific ...........................
2,243
2,276
2,295
2,308
Households (Thousands)
New England ................
5,768
5,768
5,766
5,763
15,846 15,848 15,842 15,831
E. N. Central .................
18,488 18,523 18,541 18,544
W. N. Central ................
8,355
8,372
8,384
8,391
S. Atlantic ...................... 24,018 24,066 24,100 24,126
E. S. Central .................
7,435
7,440
7,440
7,436
W. S. Central ................
13,920 13,969 14,007 14,036
Mountain .......................
8,541
8,552
8,561
8,569
Pacific ...........................
18,005 18,053 18,089 18,117
Total Non-farm Employment (Millions)
New England ................
7.0
7.0
7.0
7.0
18.5
18.5
18.6
18.6
E. N. Central .................
20.8
20.8
20.9
21.0
W. N. Central ................
10.2
10.2
10.2
10.3
S. Atlantic ......................
25.6
25.7
25.8
26.0
E. S. Central .................
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.6
W. S. Central ................
15.8
15.9
15.9
16.0
Mountain .......................
9.4
9.5
9.5
9.6
Pacific ...........................
20.5
20.6
20.8
20.9
2014
1st
2nd
2015
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
2015
858
2,365
2,186
1,031
2,807
724
1,936
1,028
2,821
865
2,386
2,207
1,042
2,841
732
1,966
1,041
2,855
872
2,401
2,222
1,051
2,863
740
1,991
1,052
2,883
873
2,401
2,226
1,055
2,873
742
2,014
1,058
2,896
876
2,409
2,233
1,060
2,888
745
2,030
1,065
2,912
880
2,420
2,242
1,065
2,905
749
2,043
1,071
2,929
885
2,435
2,254
1,072
2,926
754
2,056
1,079
2,950
888
2,447
2,264
1,078
2,942
758
2,069
1,085
2,967
854
2,357
2,180
1,026
2,788
723
1,903
1,019
2,785
867
2,388
2,210
1,045
2,846
735
1,977
1,045
2,864
882
2,428
2,248
1,069
2,915
751
2,050
1,075
2,940
96.6
94.1
101.6
102.8
94.9
97.0
104.7
101.5
100.0
98.1
94.9
103.1
104.7
96.7
98.8
106.8
103.7
101.5
98.6
95.2
104.5
105.7
97.7
100.6
108.1
104.4
102.2
99.0
95.7
105.3
106.3
98.4
101.3
108.9
105.2
102.8
98.9
95.6
105.5
106.4
98.3
101.5
109.2
105.3
102.8
99.2
96.0
106.2
107.0
98.7
102.1
109.8
105.9
103.1
99.8
96.7
107.1
107.8
99.3
102.9
110.7
106.8
103.8
100.5
97.5
108.0
108.8
100.1
103.8
111.8
107.9
104.6
95.7
93.5
99.4
101.0
93.4
95.5
102.8
99.6
98.8
98.1
95.0
103.6
104.9
96.9
99.4
107.1
103.7
101.6
99.6
96.5
106.7
107.5
99.1
102.6
110.3
106.5
103.6
759
2,036
1,852
873
2,475
653
1,545
867
2,328
765
2,050
1,871
885
2,498
658
1,565
876
2,349
770
2,064
1,883
891
2,516
663
1,580
883
2,364
774
2,076
1,892
898
2,534
668
1,593
890
2,382
780
2,090
1,903
904
2,555
673
1,607
897
2,400
784
2,098
1,914
909
2,572
677
1,619
904
2,417
788
2,108
1,924
916
2,589
681
1,632
911
2,434
792
2,123
1,934
923
2,607
685
1,645
917
2,452
747
2,008
1,836
872
2,443
647
1,511
850
2,281
767
2,056
1,874
886
2,506
660
1,571
879
2,356
786
2,105
1,919
913
2,581
679
1,626
907
2,426
5,759
15,818
18,538
8,396
24,149
7,431
14,060
8,578
18,140
5,763
15,826
18,549
8,410
24,204
7,434
14,098
8,600
18,186
5,764
15,826
18,542
8,417
24,244
7,432
14,125
8,620
18,219
5,768
15,832
18,540
8,428
24,299
7,434
14,159
8,644
18,262
5,769
15,834
18,535
8,438
24,351
7,435
14,190
8,666
18,299
5,773
15,840
18,539
8,450
24,411
7,439
14,227
8,692
18,342
5,780
15,854
18,552
8,465
24,485
7,448
14,270
8,721
18,392
5,787
15,870
18,570
8,482
24,565
7,458
14,315
8,753
18,441
5,763
15,831
18,544
8,391
24,126
7,436
14,036
8,569
18,117
5,768
15,832
18,540
8,428
24,299
7,434
14,159
8,644
18,262
5,787
15,870
18,570
8,482
24,565
7,458
14,315
8,753
18,441
7.1
18.6
21.0
10.3
26.1
7.6
16.2
9.7
21.0
7.1
18.7
21.0
10.4
26.2
7.7
16.3
9.7
21.1
7.1
18.8
21.1
10.4
26.4
7.7
16.5
9.8
21.2
7.1
18.8
21.2
10.5
26.5
7.8
16.6
9.9
21.4
7.2
18.9
21.3
10.5
26.6
7.8
16.7
9.9
21.5
7.2
18.9
21.3
10.5
26.8
7.8
16.7
10.0
21.6
7.2
19.0
21.4
10.6
26.9
7.8
16.8
10.0
21.6
7.2
19.0
21.4
10.6
27.0
7.9
16.9
10.1
21.7
7.0
18.5
20.8
10.2
25.8
7.6
15.9
9.5
20.7
7.1
18.7
21.1
10.4
26.3
7.7
16.4
9.8
21.2
7.2
18.9
21.4
10.6
26.8
7.8
16.8
10.0
21.6
Historical data: Latest data available from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis; Federal Reserve System, Statistical release G17.
Projections: Macroeconomic projections are based on the Global Insight Model of the U.S. Economy.
Table 9c. U.S. Regional Weather Data

2013
1st
2nd
Heating Degree Days

New England .................
3,118
845
Middle Atlantic ...............
2,950
693
E. N. Central ..................
3,289
759
W. N. Central .................
3,407
903
South Atlantic ................
1,517
212
E. S. Central ..................
1,931
287
W. S. Central .................
1,178
138
Mountain ........................
2,125
705
Pacific ............................
1,559
499
U.S. Average .............
2,200
509
Heating Degree Days, Prior 10-year Average
New England .................
3,197
860
2,937
678
E. N. Central ..................
3,132
696
W. N. Central .................
3,210
667
1,474
198
E. S. Central ..................
1,819
231
W. S. Central .................
1,177
79
Mountain ........................
1,980
695
Pacific ............................
1,534
645
U.S. Average .............
2,154
497
Cooling Degree Days
New England .................
0
96
0
156
E. N. Central ..................
0
213
W. N. Central .................
0
231
108
592
E. S. Central ..................
14
453
W. S. Central .................
73
782
Mountain ........................
23
479
Pacific ............................
26
216
U.S. Average .............
37
378
Cooling Degree Days, Prior 10-year Average
New England .................
0
77
0
159
E. N. Central ..................
3
220
W. N. Central .................
7
273
112
633
E. S. Central ..................
36
525
W. S. Central .................
100
889
Mountain ........................
17
411
Pacific ............................
26
159
U.S. Average .............
42
387
2014
3rd
4th
1st
2nd
167
128
119
100
20
16
1
125
82
76
2,297
2,064
2,458
2,721
987
1,414
1,011
1,804
1,229
1,646
3,563
3,439
3,935
3,860
1,713
2,269
1,485
1,934
1,255
2,439
885
704
728
754
196
230
92
688
471
479
129
84
122
156
14
21
6
157
94
77
2,158
1,978
2,212
2,362
1,009
1,323
801
1,682
1,236
1,545
3,152
2,905
3,117
3,209
1,465
1,810
1,158
2,003
1,554
2,142
444
523
471
655
1,038
917
1,516
911
593
803
0
6
5
7
256
59
164
49
49
87
416
560
548
684
1,157
1,049
1,494
934
598
844
1
4
6
9
208
57
194
77
63
84
2015
3rd
2nd
3rd
4th
2013
Year
2014
4th
1st
146
100
168
176
14
18
4
152
57
80
2,182
2,031
2,451
2,606
1,096
1,499
958
1,786
953
1,600
3,176
2,930
3,151
3,231
1,506
1,911
1,287
2,182
1,282
2,132
857
673
732
686
215
268
98
646
484
475
134
91
129
153
16
22
5
132
89
76
2,179
2,004
2,255
2,437
1,001
1,332
816
1,829
1,123
1,540
6,427
5,835
6,625
7,132
2,737
3,648
2,328
4,759
3,369
4,431
6,776
6,274
7,282
7,395
3,019
4,016
2,539
4,560
2,736
4,598
6,346
5,699
6,267
6,508
2,737
3,532
2,205
4,790
2,978
4,223
836
659
690
686
194
236
85
697
625
490
134
88
120
149
14
19
5
155
96
77
2,167
1,983
2,243
2,404
1,006
1,336
827
1,699
1,236
1,556
3,166
2,935
3,192
3,272
1,481
1,853
1,189
2,000
1,534
2,164
838
666
695
691
196
236
86
700
622
491
134
90
123
150
14
19
5
150
92
77
2,157
1,982
2,271
2,442
1,019
1,367
845
1,709
1,202
1,562
6,344
5,678
6,161
6,394
2,694
3,393
2,063
4,515
3,510
4,273
6,289
5,635
6,170
6,448
2,679
3,402
2,075
4,554
3,511
4,265
6,296
5,674
6,281
6,555
2,709
3,474
2,125
4,558
3,450
4,293
0
0
0
0
109
6
34
31
39
34
75
155
230
263
643
505
776
440
224
392
341
432
377
539
1,059
923
1,439
869
684
773
0
6
3
13
201
67
229
86
107
97
0
0
0
3
109
24
67
20
31
38
87
167
215
273
615
498
824
453
201
391
410
553
542
685
1,139
1,041
1,485
983
578
846
0
5
8
11
229
67
196
86
74
94
540
685
689
893
1,994
1,443
2,536
1,462
885
1,304
417
593
611
814
2,012
1,501
2,478
1,426
1,053
1,297
498
725
765
972
2,091
1,630
2,573
1,542
884
1,368
0
0
3
7
110
36
102
18
26
41
83
167
230
277
636
528
882
420
166
393
417
558
546
678
1,154
1,045
1,506
922
588
843
1
5
6
9
212
57
190
71
58
83
0
0
3
7
110
33
94
17
26
40
85
168
234
282
635
526
883
424
170
395
419
557
545
683
1,154
1,053
1,519
929
600
849
1
6
6
9
210
52
185
74
64
84
494
724
778
974
2,110
1,667
2,676
1,440
847
1,357
500
730
785
972
2,111
1,666
2,680
1,431
838
1,360
505
731
787
981
2,109
1,664
2,680
1,445
860
1,368
Notes: Regional degree days for each period are calculated by EIA as contemporaneous period population-weighted averages of
state degree day data published by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
See Change in Regional and U.S. Degree-Day Calculations (http://www.eia.gov/forecasts/steo/special/pdf/2012_sp_04.pdf) for more information.
The approximate break between historical and forecast values is shown with historical data printed in bold; estimates and forecasts in italics.
Regions refer to U.S. Census divisions. See "Census division" in EIAs Energy Glossary (http://www.eia.gov/tools/glossary/) for a list of states in each region.
Historical data: Latest data available from U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA).
Projections: Based on forecasts by the NOAA Climate Prediction Center (http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/pacdir/DDdir/NHOME3.shtml).
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December2014

Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO)

U.S. Energy Information Administration

Short-Term Energy Outlook

West Texas Intermediate (WTI) Crude Oil Price

Historical spot price

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

U.S. Gasoline and Crude Oil Prices

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

U.S. Diesel Fuel and Crude Oil Prices

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

Henry Hub Natural Gas Price

Historical spot price

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

U.S. Natural Gas Prices

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

World Liquid Fuels Production and

million barrels per day (MMbbl/d)

Implied stock change and balance (right axis)

World production (left axis)

World consumption (left axis)

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

Estimated Historical Unplanned OPEC

Estimated Historical Unplanned Non-OPEC

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

World Liquid Fuels Consumption

annual change (MMbbl/d)

Change in U.S. consumption (right axis)

Change in China consumption (right axis)

Change in other consumption (right axis)

Total world consumption (left axis)

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

World Liquid Fuels Consumption Growth

Former Soviet Union

* Countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

World Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels Production Growth

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

Non-OPEC Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels Production Growth

Other North Sea

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

World Consumption and Non-OPEC Production Growth

million barrels per day

World oil consumption growth (left axis)

Non-OPEC production growth (left axis)

Change in WTI price (right axis)

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

OPEC surplus crude oil production capacity

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

OECD Commercial Crude Oil Stocks

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

U.S. Crude Oil and Liquid Fuels Production

annual change (MMbbl/d)

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

U.S. Commercial Crude Oil Stocks

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

U.S. Liquid Fuels Product Supplied

annual change (MMbbl/d)

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

U.S. Gasoline and Distillate Inventories

Source: Short-Term Energy Outlook, December 2014.

U.S. Natural Gas Consumption

annual change (Bcf/d)