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Procedure (A) : Collect 3-4 different samples of sewage water from different places.
Dialysis of Sewage Water :
1. Filter sample 1 to remove the suspended impurities and collect the filtrate in a beaker.
2. Make a bag of the cellophane paper by folding it, inserting the stone of the funnel into
the mouth of the bag and tying it with a thread, as shown in the figures.
3. Put the filtered sewage water into the bag through the funnel fill 3/4th of the bag is
full.
4. Place a 600 ml. beaker around the bag so that the bag is well within it.
5. Put distilled water into the beaker so that only the mouth and a little position of the
bag remain outside the water.
6. Allow the bag to stay in the distilled water for about half an hour. The ions of the salts
presents in sewage water will pass out of the bag into the distilled water.
Procedure (B) : Concentrate the solution in the beaker by boiling it till the volume is reduced
to about 20 ml. Test the presence of different ions in this solution as follows :Pb+2 Ions : Potassium Iodide Test : To 1 ml. of the solution in a test tube add few drops of
K.I. Solution. A yellow ppts. Pb+2 confirms.
Ca+2 Ions : Ammonium Oxalate Test : To 1 ml. of solution, add ammonium isolate solution.
A white ppts, Ca+2 confirms.
Mg+2 Ions : Ammonium phosphate test : To 1 ml. of the solution, add NH4OH solution till it
is alkaline and then add ammonium phosphate solution. A white ppts, Mg+2 confirms.
K+ Ions : Picric acid test : To 1 ml. of the solution and Picric acid solution. A yellow ppts, K+
confirms.
S-2 Ions : Sodium Nitroprusside test : To 1ml. of the solution add ammoniac sodium
nitroprusside solution. Avoided or purple colour, S-2 confirms.
Ci Ions : Ag. NO3 Test : To 1 ml. of the solution, add a few drops of dilute nitric acid. Boil
off gases. Cool the solution and add AgNO3 solution. A curly white ppts. soluble in NH4OH,
Ci Confirms.
So42 Ions : BaCl2 Test : To 1ml. of the solution, add BaCl2 solution. A white ppts. insoluble
in HCl or HNO3, So4-2 ions confirms.
Repeat the process of dialysis and analysis of ions with each of the given samples of sewage
water.
Results :
S.No.
Sample of Sewage
Water
Presence / Absence Of
Pb+2
1.
Sample-1
Ca+2
Mg+2
Ki+
S-2
Ci-
So42
2.
3.
4.
Sample-2
Sample-3
Sample-4
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