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! $ ' +-
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! > 0 B
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IS 8403 : 1981
( Reaffirmed 2002 )
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DETERMINATION OF BREAKING CAPACITY
OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
( First Revision)
Seventh Reprint AUGUST 2004
C Copyright 1981
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADlJR SHAH ZAFAR MARO
NEW DELHI 110002
Gr4
November 1981
IS 8-603 : 1981
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DETERMINATION OF BREAKING CAPACITY
OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
( First Revision)
Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee, BDC 43
CUi,..
Pao. DI.... MOb.
Institute
(CSIR. I),
AI...."
DB R.. K.
BBAl'DA:aI
CBID BIfGDfJlD
S HBI S. G17JIA ( dl"".." )
8. .J U. G. DAJrDA.A'I'II
The C',oocrete AaaoelatiOD or India, Bombay
8. .1 N. O. Dl1GGAL ( ~"."..,. )
Da I.. It. D.... OOftA
Simpla CoDcrete Pilea ( India) Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
ADDlftO.Ar. C.DIJl BnIlfDa ( ~".,..,,)
8BB1 A. G. DAftIDAB
ID perlOD_. capacity ( S H,II/_4 RtI.121 H.,,,.
'''~ IItw" C.,.",. )
SUI V. C. OU.utD.
The Praaure PiUDI Co ~ I ) Pvt Ltd, Bombay
Dm-OI'08 ( CSMaS )
Central Water Commialon, New Delhi
DIIIVI'Y DJa.oTOa ( CIMRS ) ( dIu"'" )
SDI A. H. DlYA.n
Alia FOUDdatioDi aDd Construction 00 'vt Ltd,
Bomba,
Ins A. N. JAKOL. ( .4".",.,,)
IDdian Geotechnic Society. New Delhi
DaJAGDI HABAIN
8BBI G. S. JAm
8.BI A ow: KulUB JAItf (
JOI.T DIuoToB
a_lUBo. ( B &
S ) ( A"".." )
( C."'i,,rutl ."
C) e.",n,IaI 1981
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
c./f1ri,,,,
pttl' 2 )
IS 6403 : 1981 .
( ContifflUtJ from ,." I )
M,mb,r,
RI/W"IfIIiIt,
or
Indian IOltitute
TechnolOlY. Bombay
M. N. Dastur It Co Pvt Ltd, Calcutta
DB R. K. KATTt
SSRI S. R. KULKABNl
S)I RI S. Roy ( .4lUrJ"JI,
SSl\1 O. P. MALBOTR4
)
Public Workl Department, Chandiprb AdmiDi.tr
JiOD. Chaatiicarb
Central WarehouIIDg Corporation, New Delhi
MacheDzie. Limited, Bombay
A. P, MATHUR
V. B. MATHUR
Saal T. K. D. MUM,r
En,ineen India Limited, New Delhi
SKRI M. IYE.OAB ( .41",.,..11 )
SHRI
SHRI
Balo
OK81R 81.0K
H. K. aRUT 1
SSBl B. K. PA.TBAKY
MAS
New Delhi
)
The HiDdutan ConltructioD Company Limited,
Bomba.,
( ~ll.uU
Da V. V. S. R...o
s ABI11J1 R.IBIllfOBA.XI
S I 0, S. SaIY"8'1'AVA
DR A. SARQt1lfAN
Sa81 S. BOOIIA'fBAlf
Saal K. R. S.x....
All''''''' )
D. S. P. SIV ....TAV.
DIt R.
Ssat N.
KAPUR (
AI,.",." )
SIVAGUaU
Sa .. D. V. SIKE. ( Allmt. . )
SaP8aUf'l' DIJrG
or India ),
E.OUf
( DUIO.I)
Ix.ou".VII
BMo,
( D_IQ ) V ( AI'"." )
SBal~
D.TAMBBKAB
DR A. VA.AD""A"
SaRI G. R.IIA
D. R. KA.taAI ( AlImMt. )
AI.., )
S'''''''1
SR.I K. M. MA'l'JI17.
Deputy Director ( Civ En. ), lSI
(c.",.,. .. ".,.
2
I')
IS 6403 : '981
( C.fttinud I"'" pdl' 2 )
CO~U""'
8R1\1
S. Go Ii A
C.11CUl ta
~ r:ni.try
of Railw&)'.
ltl tf mr"s
DIJUiCT(l!~ STANllJ\Jlll(,
CB.I~ ROSO
ESE(,l'TIVE
ENG I 1'; 'C 1: H
( Dl'.IJGNS ) V
SlIJU T. N. t\!UX111n:Jl. r
Srrm B. G. RAO
DJtPt"'lY
, H&S ).
S. K.
~{ardn
(CSIR),
.Alfl"zai, )
Da
SHRI
C~ntral
CUATTF.RJFE (
J6
!J1er.1l 1.2."!.
(Pag_ 10. o'ZtnuJ. $.2.2, Zast aent4ma.)
Sub8titute the following tor the exi8ting .entence:
'obtained'
(PagB 11. Pig. I) - Substitute
'C2!C 1 '
tor
'c1!c2 ' ,
'Cobe.l~
'Ie
A .'
qd
s, I. 3)
- Sub.tl tute
2
Prinled.. New India PrInt. . Pre... Jehurj.. India
IS 64003: 1981
Indian Standard
CODE OF PRACTICE FOR
DETERMINATION OF BREAKING CAPACITY
OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONS
( First Revision )
o.
F'OREWORD
0.1 This Indian Standard ( First R.evision ) was adopted by the Indian
Standard. Institution on 30 January 1981, after the draft finalized by the
Foundation Engineering Sectional Committee had been approved by the
Civil Engineering Divilion Council.
0.2 The bearing capacity of foundations is needed for dimensioning the
foundation for any structure, Several methods are available for the
determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundations and this
Itandard give. lome of the methods which are commonly used for the
purpose. ComparisoD of the resultl sbowl that when each of the various
methods is applied to different problema no one method consistently gives
higher or lower values of allowable bearing pressure. The designer must
therefore regard the methods al aids to design which cannot replace tbe
critical role of engineering judgement.
0.2.1 Tbilltandard was first published in 1971. The principal modificatioDs made in this revision are: (a) keeping itl terminology in line with
that of other related Indian Standards, (b) giving' generalized equations
for calculation of ultimate bearing capacity, (c) including cone penetration method. and (d) deleting adjultmeDt for fine land and lilt.
0.3 For the purpose of deciding whethtr a particular requirement of
this standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated,
expressing the result of a test or analysil, shall be rounded off in
accordance with IS: 2-1960*. The number of significant places retained
in the rounded off value should be the lame as that of the lpecified value
in this standard.
-aula tor rowadiDI otr numerical glu. ( ",iII4).
IS M03: 1981
1. SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers the procedure (or determining the ultimate
bt'aring capacity and allowable bearing pressure of shallow foundation.
based on shear and allowable settlement criteria.
2. TERMINOLOGY
2.0 For the purpose of thi, standard, the following definition. shall
apply.
or the foundation
or
2.2.2 q,eti", Sure""'" ", ,AI BtU' Url" of FourultJlion - The intensity
of vertical pressure at the base level of foundation, computed uming
total unit weight (or the portion of soil above the water table and IUbmerged unit weight for the portion below the water table.
2.2.' Fo~i"g - A structure constructed in brickwork. masonry or
concrete under the base of a wall or column for the purpose
distributing the load over a larger area.
or
IS 64.03 : 1981
A' - Effective area of footing in emB - Width of strip footing, width of footing, lid.
of square footing, diameter of circular footiDg in em
B' .. EfF~ctive width of footing in em
6 - Half 'of B
e - Cohesion in kgf/em'
'I -
I. -
D, D.. d-
tie, dq dy , ..
I. II, -
Hie, i q, iy -
Kd LL' N -
N., K'
or
IS 64.03 : 1981
or
BB~RING
CAPA.CITY
IS 64,03 : 1981
They are: a) general abe. railure, b) local ahear railure aDd c) punchiDgshear. The choice
which method of analysis i. belt suited in a
given lituation il difficult to make, because only limited teat data are
available on fulilized found.tionl to verify the reliability of the computed
b~aring capacity. However. luidelinelgiven in relevant clauses may be
used for guidance. Wherever possible bearing capacity calculatioDI
'hall be made on the buis of .hear Itrengtb parameters it and ~ obtained
from appropriate .hear telta [I" IS : 2720 ( Parta XI and XIII )*] or
or
.a given
"4 -
N,.
(Jr.''''''' ,.
*YetbocI
(In'''''' ).
t_
IS 84,03 I 1981
TAau I a aINO Ccrrr CTOR'
~,I,I
( c,.."
BaA.llfO OA.401~Y
,..-----No
~
.&0'1'0"
- -Nq
---~
Ny
(Dc....)
1'00
1'$7
2'47
S'9f
640
10'66
S'I4
"49
10
8'3$
10'98
14:83
2072
SO'I4
4612
75-31
138'88
266'89
I~
20
2$
SO
3$
40
45
SO
0'00
0'4$
1'22
2'6$
S'st
1088
22'40
48 03
101'41
271'76
762'89
18,40
33'30
64'20
134'88
319'07
NOTa- Por obtainln, value. or N'o. N'f! aDd N'y. calculate ~' - t ...
( 067 ta. ~ I. Read No, Nq, and Ny. frOID the Table corr~lp"ndID' to tbe val...
of~' inltead of ~ which are value. of N'o. N'q, N'y rapeeuvely,
5.1.2 The ultimate net bearing capacity obtained in 5.1.1 for strip
tooting shall be modified to take into account, the ahape of the footing,
inclination of loadinl.l. depth of embedment and effect of water table,
Tbe modified bearing capacity (ormulz are given as under:
eNolotieio + f( KQ - I ) Iqdqiq
a) In cue of general shear}
(ailure fd
- + BYNysydyiy W'
b) In cu. of local sbear}
feN'. sod.i. + f( N', - I ) ',titic
failure f'd
- + 1 ByN'ysydyiy W'
--------..... -----'Y
i)
ContiDl101II
.trlp
ill Reet...le
iii) Square
l.) earcle
,.
'4
1'00
1'00
1+0'2 BIL
1'3
1+0'28/L
1'2
I'S
1'2
UaeB a. t~ diameter In tbfl bea,in, capacity formula,
1'00
I-O'4SI'
0'8
IS 6403 : 1981
5.1.2.2 The depth factor. than be al under:
,.;Ai
de - I + 02 DriB
dQ . . dy &2 1 for f/; < 10
dq
-=-
NOT.
The correction i. to be applied oaly when back fUliDI i. doae with pr. .
compaCtlOD.
Ie -
""
ir-(l-
I -
&1
under:
JI
90
;r
,.bl,
5.2.1 Bas,d on R,lalil1' D,,,s;,,, - The formu Iz given in 5.1.1 and 5.1.2
shal! be used, together with relevant shear strength parameter.
5.2.1.1 The relative density al given in Table 3 .hall be used u
a guide to determine the method of analysis.
TABLB 3 METHOD O. ANALYSIS BASED ON LAT}VB DBNSITY
SL
No.
I)
RBLATI... DB.SITT
(DBM81'1'Y
IMD.X)
VOID
RATIO
Le..
COM DITIOK
Wa'l'BOD 0 .. A.ALY.I.
DeDIC
GCDoral abear
Looee
Medium
IDterpola te
n and Ii)
than
O~5
ii)
iii)
20 to 70 percent
Greater
tban
O7~
0'55 to
0'75
..
betwee.
IS 6403 : 1981
9d
==
9( Nq - 1 ) sqdqiQ
+i
ByNysydyiy W'
5.2.3 M"hod Bas,d ,n Slali, Cone Penetration T,sl- The static cone point
relistance "0' ahall be determined as per IS : 4968 ( Part III )-1976t at
Dumber of selected points at intervals of 10 to 15 em. The observed
values shall be corrected for the dead weight of sounding rods. Then
tb. average value at each one of the location shall be determined between
the level of the base of the footing and the depth equal to Ii to 2 times
tl!~ width of the footing. The average of the static cone point resistance
values shall be determined for each one of the location and minimum of
the average values shall be used in the design. The ultimate bearioK
eapaci ty of shallow strip footinls on cohesionless soil deposita shall be
determined from Fig. 2.
tr~L-taoh
lid
=r
eNo Ie de ic
where
Nc
"fl'Ct:tbod
, ~felbud
t ~I""
fUi
(\lr
).
:sa
514.
stdndard penetraricn
l\uh:lurfac.e souDdiDI
""'N" ).
telt
to
tat
IS 64.03 : 1981
l&J
V1
u.J'
(f)
0 w
'J)
0
....J
:J:
::>
>- 0-J
UJ
UJ
<,
>
UJ
W
'>
c./)
c:
w
>
ti;
til
UJ
Z
0,....,
C"")
'-
34
36
38
40
42
-s
lJJ,
Z
LtJ .n
0
LO
cm
<lz
44
11
c, ~
o:~
U)
"
46
(Xo
t-t"
~,
32
- E
~~
<,
30
<t
0
0
"" -,
28
0::
Z
<I
...
Vl
IS 6.03 : 1981
0-250,-
012S0
o
Fro. 2
400
300
200
B ltl em
100
<
20
Rant' of Untl'tJineti
Coh,sion ( kgf/ems )
tIel l 8 to tIc/ 15
tIc
>
20
_~} to { ge .
26
22
5.3.2 Two Loy",tI Syst,m - In the case of two layered cohesive loil
system which do not exhibit marked anisotropy the ultimate net bearing
capacity of a strip footing can be calculated by using the formula given
below:
q4 - clNc
where N may be obtained from Fig. 3.
12
IS 64003: 1981
5.3.3 D"ie,al,d Soil- In the case of desiccated cohesive soils. the undrained cohesion is likely to decrease along with depth and is likely to
get stabilized at some depth below ground level, usually 35 m, if other
factors do not inftuence. If a plot of undrained cohesion, values as
shown in Fig. 4 is obtained, and where the pressure bulb falls within the
desiccated top soil the ultimate net bearing capacity shall be obtained
from Table 4.
TOP
I - LAYER
--t-
~B---l
(~'(~~
BOTTOM
LAYER
C,
rru
I
10
I
-- __ 1 ___ ---
It
h ~ ._I
--
~-_.
<s
I~ r
b~~/
./
~J~~
~v ~'Q"t;::)
rI:
r-
~r'~
~
~f7
V'I
0-6
, n-~
T,.1'l
I
i
--
f77 [7
V
o
0'4
'-2
0-8
1-5
c"c2
FlO.
13
2-0
IS 64-03 : 1981
i:.l
,
DEPTH
A,-
Flo.
DECREASE IN COHESION .e
IN kgf/em 2 PER UNIT DEPTH OF
FOUNDATION SOIL IN em
0'0
0'2
0'.
0'6
0'8
1'0
'\, &1 .hall be obtained (rom the borehole data, and for a known vaJue
of the width of the strip (ooting 'B', by trial and error f4 can be
q4
&1
IS 6403 : 1981
b) The net soil pressure ( SI' 6.1.1 ) that can be imposed on the base
without the settlement exceeding the permissible values as given
in IS : 190...197H to be determined for each structure and type
of soil, that is, safe bearing pressure.
tCode
or
15
IS 6403 : '981
( C.fttinud I"'" pdl' 2 )
CO~U""'
8R1\1
S. Go Ii A
C.11CUl ta
~ r:ni.try
of Railw&)'.
ltl tf mr"s
DIJUiCT(l!~ STANllJ\Jlll(,
CB.I~ ROSO
ESE(,l'TIVE
ENG I 1'; 'C 1: H
( Dl'.IJGNS ) V
SlIJU T. N. t\!UX111n:Jl. r
Srrm B. G. RAO
DJtPt"'lY
, H&S ).
S. K.
~{ardn
(CSIR),
.Alfl"zai, )
Da
SHRI
C~ntral
CUATTF.RJFE (
J6
Hdqu."....
Manak Bhavan. 9 Bahadur Shah Zafar Merg. NEW DELHI 110002
Te'ephon: 323 0131, 323 3375. 323 9402 Fax:+ 91 011 3234062. 3239399. 3239382
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